DHS 157.03(185m)
(185m) “Last-image hold" or “LIH" means an image obtained either by retaining one or more fluoroscopic images, which may be temporally integrated, at the end of a fluoroscopic exposure or by initiating a separate and distinct radiographic exposure automatically and immediately in conjunction with termination of the fluoroscopic exposure.
DHS 157.03(185r)
(185r) “Lateral fluoroscope" means the x-ray tube and image receptor combination in a biplane system dedicated to the lateral projection. It consists of the lateral x-ray tube housing assembly and the lateral image receptor that are fixed in position relative to the table with the x-ray beam axis parallel to the plane of the table.
DHS 157.03(186)
(186) “Lay-barge radiography" means industrial radiography performed on any water vessel used for laying pipe.
DHS 157.03(187)
(187) “Lead equivalent" means the thickness of the material in question affording the same attenuation as lead.
DHS 157.03(188)
(188) “Leakage radiation" means radiation emanating from the diagnostic source assembly except for any of the following:
DHS 157.03(188)(b)
(b) Radiation produced when the exposure switch or timer is not activated.
DHS 157.03(189)
(189) “Lens dose equivalent" or “LDE" means the external dose equivalent to the lens of the eye at a tissue depth of 0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm
2).
DHS 157.03(189m)
(189m) “License verification system” means the national verification system that enables authorized government authorities and authorized licensees to verify certain information about licensees authorized to possess, use, or ship radioactive materials.
DHS 157.03 Note
Note: The system may be used to confirm that a license is valid and accurate, a licensee is authorized to acquire quantities and types of radioactive materials, and the licensee's category 1 or 2 quantities of radioactive material inventories do not exceed the possession limits of the license.
DHS 157.03(190)
(190) “Licensed or registered material" means radioactive material received, possessed, used, transferred or disposed of under a general or specific license or registration issued by the department.
DHS 157.03(191)
(191) “Licensed practitioner" means a chiropractor, dentist, physician, podiatrist,
physician assistant, nurse practitioner or radiologist's assistant licensed in the state of Wisconsin.
DHS 157.03(192)
(192) “Licensing state" means any state approved by the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc., as having regulations equivalent to the Suggested State Regulations for Control of Radiation relating to NARM and an effective program for the regulatory control of NARM.
DHS 157.03(193)
(193) “Light field" means the area of the intersection of the light beam from the beam-limiting device and one of the set of planes parallel to and including the plane of the image receptor, whose perimeter is the locus of points at which the illumination is one-fourth of the maximum in the intersection.
DHS 157.03(193e)
(193e) “Local components" means parts of a radiation generating device x-ray system and include areas that are struck by x-rays such as radiation source housings, beam port and shutter assemblies, collimators, sample holders, cameras, goniometers, detectors, and shielding, but do not include power supplies, transformers, amplifiers, readout devices, and control panels.
DHS 157.03(193m)
(193m) “Local law enforcement agency” or “LLEA" means a public or private organization that has been approved by a federal, state, or local government to carry firearms and make arrests, and is authorized and has the capability to provide an armed response in the jurisdiction where the licensed category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material is used, stored, or transported.
DHS 157.03(194)
(194) “Logging tool" means a device used subsurface to perform well logging.
DHS 157.03(195)
(195) “Loose-fitting facepiece" means a respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.
DHS 157.03(196)
(196) “Lost or missing licensed or registered source of radiation" means a licensed or registered source of radiation whose location is unknown. This definition includes licensed or registered material that has been shipped but has not reached its planned destination and whose location cannot be readily traced in the transportation system.
DHS 157.03(197)
(197) “Low dose-rate remote afterloader" or “LDR" means a device that delivers a dose rate of less than or equal to 2 gray (200 rads) per hour.
DHS 157.03(197m)
(197m) "Low specific activity" means radioactive material with limited specific activity which is nonfissile or is excepted under s.
DHS 157.92 (2) (c), and which satisfies the descriptions and limits set forth in ss.
DHS 157.03 (198),
(199) or
(200). Shielding materials surrounding the low specific activity material may not be considered in determining the estimated average specific activity of the package contents.
DHS 157.03(198)
(198) “Low specific activity – I” or “LSA-I material” means any of the following:
DHS 157.03(198)(a)
(a) Uranium and thorium ores, concentrates of uranium and thorium ores, and other ores containing naturally occurring radioactive radionuclides which are intended to be processed for the use of radionuclides.
DHS 157.03(198)(b)
(b) Natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium or their compounds or mixtures, provided they are unirradiated and in solid or liquid form.
DHS 157.03(198)(c)
(c) Radioactive material, other than fissile material, for which the A
2 value is unlimited.
DHS 157.03(198)(d)
(d) Other radioactive material in which the radioactive material is distributed throughout and the estimated average specific activity does not exceed 30 times the value for exempt material activity concentration determined under ch.
DHS 157 Appendix O.
DHS 157.03(199)
(199) “Low specific activity – II" or “LSA-II material" means either of the following:
DHS 157.03(199)(a)
(a) Water with tritium concentration up to 0.8 terabecquerel per liter (20.0 Ci/L).
DHS 157.03(199)(b)
(b) Other material in which the radioactive material is distributed throughout, and the average specific activity does not exceed 10
-4 A
2/g for solids and gases and 10
-5 A
2/g for liquids.
DHS 157.03(200)
(200) “Low specific activity – III" or “LSA-III material" means solids, such as consolidated wastes or activated materials, excluding powders, that satisfy the requirements of
10 CFR 71.77, and for which all of the following apply:
DHS 157.03(200)(a)
(a) The radioactive material is distributed throughout a solid or a collection of solid objects, or is essentially uniformly distributed in a solid compact binding agent, for example, concrete, bitumen or ceramic.
DHS 157.03(200)(b)
(b) The radioactive material is relatively insoluble, or it is intrinsically contained in a relatively insoluble material, so that, even under loss of packaging, the loss of radioactive material per package by leaching, when placed in water for 7 days, would not exceed 0.1 A
2.
DHS 157.03(200)(c)
(c) The estimated average specific activity of the solid, excluding any shielding material, does not exceed 2 x 10-3 A
2/g.
DHS 157.03(201)
(201) “Low toxicity alpha emitters" means natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium; uranium-235, uranium-238, thorium-232, thorium-228 or thorium-230 when contained in ores or physical or chemical concentrates or tailings; or alpha emitters with a half-life of less than 10 days.
DHS 157.03(203)
(203) “Mammography" means radiography of the breast, but does not include radiography of the breast performed during invasive interventions for localization or biopsy procedures.
DHS 157.03(204)
(204) “Management" means the chief executive officer or other individual having the authority to manage, direct or administer the licensee's or registrant's activities, or those persons' delegate or delegates.
DHS 157.03(205)
(205) “Manual brachytherapy" means a type of brachytherapy in which the radioactive sources are manually inserted either into the body cavities that are in close proximity to a tumor or directly into the tumor volume.
DHS 157.03 Note
Note: Examples of radioactive sources are seeds and ribbons.
DHS 157.03(207)
(207) “Maximum line current" means the root-mean-square current in the supply line of an x-ray machine operating at its maximum rating.
DHS 157.03(208)
(208) “Medical event" means an administration of radiation or radioactive material to a patient or human research subject that requires reporting to the department.
DHS 157.03(209)
(209) “Medical institution" means an organization in which medical disciplines are practiced.
DHS 157.03(210)
(210) “Medical physicist" means an individual with any of the following qualifications:
DHS 157.03(210)(a)
(a) Certified by the American board of radiology or the American board of health physics in one or more of the following:
DHS 157.03(210)(b)
(b) Certified by the American board of medical physics in radiation oncology physics.
DHS 157.03(211)
(211) “Medical use" means the intentional internal or external administration of radioactive material or the radiation from radioactive material to patients or human research subjects under the supervision of an authorized user.
DHS 157.03(212)
(212) “Medium dose-rate remote afterloader" or “MDR" means a device that delivers a dose rate of greater than 2 gray (200 rads) but less than 12 gray (1200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed.
DHS 157.03(213)
(213) “Megavolt" or “MV" means the energy equal to that acquired by a particle with one electron charge in passing through a potential difference of one million volts in a vacuum.
DHS 157.03 Note
Note: The current convention is to use MV to designate photons and MeV to designate electrons.
DHS 157.03(214)
(214) “Member of the public" means an individual in a controlled or unrestricted area. However, an individual is not a member of the public during any period in which the individual receives an occupational dose.
DHS 157.03(215)
(215) “Minor" means an individual less than 18 years of age.
DHS 157.03(215m)
(215m) “Mobile device" means a piece of equipment containing licensed radioactive material that is either mounted on wheels or casters, or otherwise equipped for moving without a need for disassembly or dismounting; or designed to be hand carried. “Mobile device” does not include stationary equipment installed in a fixed location.
DHS 157.03(216)
(216) “Mobile medical service supplier" means a mobile service that carries or receives radioactive materials for medical use at a client's address.
DHS 157.03(217)
(217) “Mobile x-ray equipment" means x-ray equipment mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters for moving while completely assembled.
DHS 157.03(218)
(218) “Moderator" means a material that decreases the energy of neutrons.
DHS 157.03(219)
(219) “Monitoring" means the measurement of radiation, radioactive material concentrations, surface area activities or quantities of radioactive material and the use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses.
DHS 157.03(219m)
(219m) “Movement control center" means an operations center that is remote from transport activity and that maintains position information on the movement of radioactive material, receives reports of attempted attacks or thefts, provides a means for reporting these and other problems to appropriate agencies, and requests and coordinates appropriate aid.
DHS 157.03(220)
(220) “Moving beam radiation therapy" means radiation therapy with any planned displacement of radiation field or patient relative to each other or with any planned change of absorbed dose distribution. It includes arc, skip, conformal, intensity modulation and rotational therapy.
DHS 157.03(221)
(221) “Multiple tomogram system" means a computed tomography x-ray system that obtains x-ray transmission data simultaneously during a single scan to produce more than one tomogram image.
DHS 157.03(221m)
(221m) “Nationally tracked source" means a sealed source containing a quantity equal to or greater than category 1 or category 2 thresholds of any radioactive material listed in ch.
DHS 157 Appendix T. In this context a sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is sealed in a capsule or closely bonded, in a solid form and which is not exempt from regulatory control. It does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal, or nuclear material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category1 threshold. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category 2 threshold but less than the category 1 threshold.
DHS 157.03(222)
(222) “NARM" means any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material.
DHS 157.03(223)
(223) “Natural radioactivity" means radioactivity of naturally occurring nuclides.
DHS 157.03(224)
(224) “Natural thorium" means thorium with the naturally occurring distribution of thorium isotopes, which is essentially 100 weight percent thorium-232.
DHS 157.03(225)
(225) “Natural uranium" means uranium with the naturally occurring distribution of uranium isotopes, which is approximately 0.711 weight percent uranium-235, and the remainder by weight essentially uranium-238.
DHS 157.03(226)
(226) “Negative pressure respirator — tight fitting" means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
DHS 157.03(227)
(227) “Neutron absorber" means a material that absorbs neutrons emitted from radioactive material.
DHS 157.03(228)
(228) “Noble gas" means a chemically inert gas that does not combine with other elements.
DHS 157.03(228m)
(228m) “No-later-than arrival time" means the date and time that the shipping licensee and receiving licensee have established as the time at which an investigation will be initiated if the shipment has not arrived at the receiving facility. The no-later-than arrival time may not be more than 6 hours after the estimated arrival time for shipments of category 2 quantities of radioactive material.
DHS 157.03(229)
(229) “Nominal tomographic section thickness" means the full width at half-maximum of the sensitivity profile taken at the center of the cross-sectional volume over which x-ray transmission data are collected.
DHS 157.03(230)(a)
(a) For electron irradiation, the distance from the scattering foil, virtual source or exit window of the electron beam to the entrance surface of the irradiated object along the central axis of the useful beam.
DHS 157.03(230)(b)
(b) For x-ray irradiation, the virtual source or target to isocenter distance along the central axis of the useful beam. For non-isocentric equipment, this distance shall be that specified by the manufacturer.
DHS 157.03(230m)
(230m) “Non-fixed contamination” means contamination that can be removed from a surface during normal conditions of transport.
DHS 157.03(231)
(231) “Nonstochastic effect" or “deterministic effect" means health effects, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist. Radiation-induced cataract formation is an example of a nonstochastic effect.
DHS 157.03(232)
(232) “Normal form radioactive material" means radioactive material that has not been demonstrated to qualify as special form radioactive material.
DHS 157.03(233)
(233) “Notice of violation" means a written notice provided in response to an alleged infraction of ss.
254.31 to
254.45, Stats., this chapter, the conditions of a license or an order issued by the department.
DHS 157.03(235)
(235) “Nuclear waste" means a quantity of source, byproduct or special nuclear material required to be in NRC-approved specification packaging while transported to, through or across a state boundary to a disposal site, or to a collection point for transport to a disposal site.
DHS 157.03(235m)
(235m) “Open-beam x-ray equipment" means an open-beam x-ray system in which the beam path could be entered by any part of the body at any time.
DHS 157.03(236)
(236) “Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter" or “OSL" means a dosimeter containing a crystalline solid for measuring radiation dose plus filters to help characterize the type of radiation encountered.
DHS 157.03 Note
Note: When exposed to the appropriate energy of light, exposed optically stimulated luminescent crystals give off light proportional to the energy received from the radiation.
