895.77
895.77
Injury caused by criminal gang activity. 895.77(1)(c)
(c) "Political subdivision" means a city, village, town or county.
895.77(2)(a)(a) The state, a school district or a political subdivision may bring an action in circuit court for any expenditure of money for the allocation or reallocation of law enforcement, fire fighting, emergency or other personnel or resources if the expenditure of money by the state, a school district or a political subdivision is the result of criminal gang activity.
895.77(2)(b)
(b) Any person who suffers physical injury or incurs property damage or loss resulting from any criminal gang activity has a cause of action for the actual damages sustained. The burden of proof in a civil action under this paragraph rests with the person who suffers the physical injury or property damage or loss to prove his or her case by a preponderance of the credible evidence.
895.77(2)(c)
(c) The action may be brought against the criminal gang or against any member, leader, officer or organizer of a criminal gang who participates in a criminal gang activity or who authorizes, causes, orders, ratifies, requests or suggests a criminal gang activity. An action brought under this subsection shall also name as defendants the criminal gang and any criminal gang members that participated in the criminal gang activity. An action brought under this subsection may name, as a class of defendants, all unknown criminal gang members.
895.77(2)(d)
(d) The plaintiff may bring a civil action under this subsection regardless of whether there has been a criminal action related to the injury, property damage or loss or expenditure of money under
par. (a) or
(b) and regardless of the outcome of that criminal action.
895.77(3)
(3) Service of process. A summons may be served individually upon any member, leader, officer or organizer of a criminal gang by service as provided under
s. 801.11 (1),
(2),
(5) or
(6) where the claim sued upon arises out of or relates to criminal gang activity within this state sufficient to subject a defendant to personal jurisdiction under
s. 801.05 (2) to
(10). A judgment rendered after service under this subsection is a binding adjudication against the criminal gang.
895.77(4)
(4) Injunctive relief, damages, costs and fees. 895.77(4)(a)(a) The court, upon the request of the state, a school district or a political subdivision, may grant an injunction restraining an individual from committing an act that would injure the state, a school district or a political subdivision or may order such other relief as the court determines is proper.
895.77(4)(b)
(b) The court may order a criminal gang member to divest himself or herself of any interest or involvement in any criminal gang activity and may restrict a criminal gang member from engaging in any future criminal gang activity.
895.77(4)(c)
(c) In addition to the costs allowed under
s. 814.04, a final judgment in an action under
sub. (2) (a) in favor of the plaintiff shall include compensatory damages for the expenditure of money for the allocation or reallocation of law enforcement, fire fighting, emergency or other personnel or resources caused by the criminal gang activity and compensation for the costs of the investigation and prosecution and reasonable attorney fees.
895.77(4)(d)
(d) In addition to the costs allowed under
s. 814.04, a final judgment in an action under
sub. (2) (b) in favor of the plaintiff shall include attorney fees and the costs of the investigation and litigation.
895.77(4)(e)
(e) The final judgment in favor of the plaintiff in an action under
sub. (2) (a) or
(b) may include punitive damages assessed against a criminal gang leader, officer, organizer or member who is found to have participated in criminal gang activity.
895.77 History
History: 1993 a. 98.
895.79
895.79
Damage to certain machines. 895.79(1)
(1) An owner of a machine operated by the insertion of coins, currency, debit cards or credit cards that is damaged by a person acting with the intent to commit a theft from that machine may bring an action against the person.
895.79(2)
(2) The owner has the burden of proving his or her case under
sub. (1) by a preponderance of the credible evidence.
895.79(3)
(3) If the owner prevails in a civil action under
sub. (1), he or she may recover all of the following:
895.79(3)(b)
(b) Costs, including all reasonable attorney fees and other costs of the investigation and litigation that were reasonably incurred.
895.79(4)
(4) An owner may bring a civil action under
sub. (1) regardless of whether there has been a criminal action related to the damage under
sub. (1) and regardless of the outcome of any such criminal action.
895.79 History
History: 1995 a. 133.
895.80
895.80
Property damage or loss. 895.80(1)
(1) Any person who suffers damage or loss by reason of intentional conduct that occurs on or after November 1, 1995, and that is prohibited under
s. 943.01,
943.20,
943.21,
943.24,
943.26,
943.34,
943.395,
943.41,
943.50 or
943.61 has a cause of action against the person who caused the damage or loss.
895.80(2)
(2) The burden of proof in a civil action under
sub. (1) is with the person who suffers damage or loss to prove his or her case by a preponderance of the credible evidence.
895.80(3)
(3) If the plaintiff prevails in a civil action under
sub. (1), he or she may recover all of the following:
895.80(3)(b)
(b) All costs of investigation and litigation that were reasonably incurred.
895.80(4)
(4) A person may bring a civil action under
sub. (1) regardless of whether there has been a criminal action related to the loss or damage under
sub. (1) and regardless of the outcome of any such criminal action.
895.80(5)
(5) No person may bring a cause of action under both this section and
s. 943.212,
943.245 or
943.51 regarding the same incident or occurrence. If the plaintiff has a cause of action under both this section and
s. 943.212,
943.245 or
943.51 regarding the same incident or occurrence, the plaintiff may choose which action to bring.
895.80 History
History: 1995 a. 27.
895.85
895.85
Punitive damages. 895.85(1)(a)
(a) "Defendant" means the party against whom punitive damages are sought.
895.85(1)(b)
(b) "Double damages" means those court awards made under a statute providing for twice, 2 times or double the amount of damages suffered by the injured party.
895.85(1)(c)
(c) "Plaintiff" means the party seeking to recover punitive damages.
895.85(1)(d)
(d) "Treble damages" means those court awards made under a statute providing for 3 times or treble the amount of damages suffered by the injured party.
895.85(3)
(3) Standard of conduct. The plaintiff may receive punitive damages if evidence is submitted showing that the defendant acted maliciously toward the plaintiff or in an intentional disregard of the rights of the plaintiff.
895.85(4)
(4) Procedure. If the plaintiff establishes a prima facie case for the allowance of punitive damages:
895.85(4)(a)
(a) The plaintiff may introduce evidence of the wealth of a defendant; and
895.85(4)(b)
(b) The judge shall submit to the jury a special verdict as to punitive damages or, if the case is tried to the court, the judge shall issue a special verdict as to punitive damages.
895.85(5)
(5) Application of joint and several liability. The rule of joint and several liability does not apply to punitive damages.
895.85 History
History: 1995 a. 17.
895.85 Note
NOTE: The first 3 cases noted below were decided prior to the adoption of s. 895.85.
895.85 Annotation
Punitive damages may be awarded in product liability cases. Judicial controls over punitive damage awards established. Wangen v. Ford Motor Co. 97 W (2d) 260, 294 NW (2d) 437 (1980).
895.85 Annotation
Guidelines for submission of punitive damages issue to jury in product liability case discussed. Walter v. Cessna Aircraft Co. 121 W (2d) 221, 358 NW (2d) 816 (Ct. App. 1984).
895.85 Annotation
Regardless of classification of underlying cause of action, punitive damages are recoverable where defendant's conduct was "outrageous". Insurance coverage for punitive damages is not contrary to public policy. Brown v. Maxey, 124 W (2d) 426, 369 NW (2d) 677 (1985).
