PSC 113.0924(2)(c)(c) The error in registration due to “creep” shall be calculated by timing the rate of “creeping” and assuming that this creeping affected the registration of the meter for 25% of the time since the last test or since the meter was installed.

PSC 113.0924(2)(d)(d) When the average error cannot be determined by test because of failure of part or all of the metering equipment, it shall be permissible to use the registration of check-metering installations, if any, or to estimate the quantity of energy consumed based on available data.

PSC 113.0924(3)(3) If the recalculated bills indicate that more than $1 is due an existing customer or $2 is due a person no longer a customer of the utility, the full amount of the calculated difference between the amount paid and the recalculated amount shall be refunded to the customer. The refund to an existing customer may be in cash or as credit on a bill. If a refund is due a person no longer a customer of the utility, a notice shall be mailed to the last known address and the utility shall upon demand made within 3 months thereafter refund the amount due.

PSC 113.0924(4)(4) If the recalculated bills indicate that more than $10 is due the utility, the utility may bill the customer for the amount due. For all customers, the period of backbilling may not exceed 24 months unless there is evidence of fraud or deception.

PSC 113.0924 Note196.635 Unbilled utility service. All service supplied by a public utility must be billed within 2 years of such service. No customer shall be liable for unbilled service 2 years after the date of the service unless:

PSC 113.0924 Note(1) The utility made a reasonable effort to measure the service, but the customer did not allow the utility access to any device, including but not limited to a meter, necessary to measure service.

PSC 113.0924 Note(2) The customer obtained the service by fraud or deception, including but not limited to theft or tampering with any device, including but not limited to a meter, necessary to measure service.

PSC 113.0924(5)(5) A classified record shall be kept of the number and amount of refunds and charges made because of inaccurate meters, stopped or broken meters, faulty or incorrect metering installations, failure to apply appropriate multipliers or application of incorrect multipliers, misapplication of rates, fraud or theft of service and other erroneous billing. A report from this record for the calendar year shall be submitted to the commission by April 1 of the following year. The report shall show the number and amount of refunds or charges under each of the categories listed above. A record shall also be kept of the complaint or customer requested tests made and the total number for the year included in this report.

PSC 113.0925PSC 113.0925 Billings for grounds. Subject to the utility’s rules setting forth the method of determining a reduced rate herein authorized, if an accidental ground is found on a customer’s wiring or equipment, the utility may estimate the kilowatt-hours lost and bill for them at a reduced rate not less than the generated or purchase cost of the energy, but no such adjustment shall be made for energy supplied after the customer has been notified and has had an opportunity to correct the condition. Any demand (kilowatt) caused by an accidental ground may be billed at a rate lower than that filed for the class of service involved. The utility shall notify the customer of the ground whenever it is found or suspected.

PSC 113.0926PSC 113.0926 Metering with one meter for net energy billing.

PSC 113.0926(1)(1) A single watthour meter may be used for net energy billing where reverse meter registration is intended to occur during reverse power flow through the meter and where the service is rendered under an authorized net-energy billing tariff.

PSC 113.0926(2)(2) When the meter is operating in the reverse registration mode it shall be accurate within plus or minus 2.0% at 2 unity power factor loads, one equal to 10% and the other 100% of the test ampere rating of the meter. A test to determine compliance with this accuracy requirement shall be made by the utility either before or at the time the customer-owned generator is placed in operation in accordance with utility rules. Subsequent tests for accuracy in the reverse registration mode are required only when requested by the customer and shall be at customer cost.

PSC 113.0926(3)(3) Each utility shall maintain a record of the reverse-registration tests required in sub. (2) but for such tests the utility is not required to comply with ss. PSC 113.0901, 113.0911 and 113.0919 with respect to meter testing or meter records.

PSC 113.1001PSC 113.1001 Purpose. The purpose of subch. X is to establish standards for electric utility service extension rules. These standards shall not apply to the inter-connection of customer-owned generation facilities. The primary objective of these standards shall be to provide for an equitable cost relationship between new customers and existing customers. The determination of an equitable relationship shall consider the effect of the extension rule on the environment, the utility’s revenue requirement and the efficient use of electricity.

PSC 113.1002PSC 113.1002 Principles of facilities development. The utility shall provide safe, reliable service with extensions that conform, to the extent possible, to each of the following standards:

PSC 113.1002(1)(1) Route. The utility shall make the extension over the most direct route which is the least expensive and least environmentally degrading. The customer shall provide or shall be responsible for the cost of all right-of-way easements and permits necessary for the utility to install, maintain, or replace distribution facilities. The customer shall either clear and grade such property or pay the utility to clear and grade such property. The customer is responsible for the cost of restoration of the property after the utility has completed installation and backfilling where applicable.

PSC 113.1002(2)(2) Design. The utility shall design and install facilities to deliver service to the customer and the area at the lowest reasonable cost. The facilities shall comply with accepted engineering and planning practices. The design shall consider reasonable needs for probable growth in the area and local land use planning. Unwarranted excess capacity which would result in unnecessary cost increases to the utility and its customers shall be avoided. The utility shall be responsible for the incremental cost of distribution facilities which are in excess of standard design for the customer and normal area growth.

PSC 113.1002(3)(3) Efficient use. The utility’s extension rules shall discouraged the inefficient use of electricity by appropriately relating costs to the charges made for extensions.

PSC 113.1002(4)(4) Cost estimates. The utility shall engineer and estimate the cost of each extension based on reasonable current costs. Current costs may be estimated using job specific costs, average costs per foot or unit, or other costing method as appropriate.

PSC 113.1003PSC 113.1003 Definitions. In. ss. PSC 113.1004 to 113.1010:

PSC 113.1003(2)(2) “Distribution facilities: includes all primary and secondary voltage wire or cable and its supports, trenches, connection equipment and enclosures and control equipment which are used to extend the distribution system from existing facilities to a point of connection with the service facilities. The cost of right-of-way preparation and restoration to the original condition where appropriate shall be included in the cost of distribution facilities.