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(a) The relief is not prohibited under the law applicable to an accepted draft or
18deferred obligation incurred by the issuer.
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(b) A beneficiary, issuer, or nominated person who may be adversely affected
20is adequately protected against loss that it may suffer because the relief is granted.
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(c) All of the conditions to entitle a person to the relief under the law of this state
22have been met.
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(d) On the basis of the information submitted to the court, the applicant is more
24likely than not to succeed under its claim of forgery or material fraud and the person
25demanding honor does not qualify for protection under sub. (1) (a).
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1405.110 Warranties. (1) If its presentation is honored, the beneficiary
2warrants all of the following:
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(a) To the issuer, any other person to whom presentation is made, and the
4applicant, that there is no fraud or forgery of the kind described in s. 405.109 (1).
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(b) To the applicant, that the drawing does not violate any agreement between
6the applicant and beneficiary or any other agreement intended by them to be
7augmented by the letter of credit.
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8(2) The warranties in sub. (1) are in addition to warranties arising under chs.
9403, 404, 407, and 408 because of the presentation or transfer of documents covered
10by any of those chapters.
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11405.111 Remedies. (1) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors or repudiates its
12obligation to pay money under a letter of credit before presentation, the beneficiary,
13successor, or nominated person presenting on its own behalf may recover from the
14issuer the amount that is the subject of the dishonor or repudiation. If the issuer's
15obligation under the letter of credit is not for the payment of money, the claimant may
16obtain specific performance or, at the claimant's election, recover an amount equal
17to the value of performance from the issuer. In either case, the claimant may also
18recover incidental but not consequential damages. The claimant is not obligated to
19take action to avoid damages that might be due from the issuer under this
20subsection. If, although not obligated to do so, the claimant avoids damages, the
21claimant's recovery from the issuer must be reduced by the amount of damages
22avoided. The issuer has the burden of proving the amount of damages avoided. In
23the case of repudiation the claimant need not present any document.
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24(2) If an issuer wrongfully dishonors a draft or demand presented under a letter
25of credit or honors a draft or demand in breach of its obligation to the applicant, the
1applicant may recover damages resulting from the breach, including incidental but
2not consequential damages, less any amount saved as a result of the breach.
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3(3) If an adviser or nominated person other than a confirmer breaches an
4obligation under this chapter or an issuer breaches an obligation not covered in sub.
5(1) or (2), a person to whom the obligation is owed may recover damages resulting
6from the breach, including incidental but not consequential damages, less any
7amount saved as a result of the breach. To the extent of the confirmation, a confirmer
8has the liability of an issuer specified in this subsection and subs. (1) and (2).
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9(4) An issuer, nominated person, or adviser who is found liable under sub. (1),
10(2), or (3) shall pay interest on the amount owed thereunder from the date of wrongful
11dishonor or other appropriate date.
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12(5) Reasonable attorney's fees and other expenses of litigation shall be awarded
13to the prevailing party in an action in which a remedy is sought under this chapter.
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14(6) Damages that would otherwise be payable by a party for breach of an
15obligation under this chapter may be liquidated by agreement or undertaking, but
16only in an amount or by a formula that is reasonable in light of the harm anticipated.
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17405.112 Transfer of letter of credit. (1) Except as otherwise provided in
18s. 405.113, unless a letter of credit provides that it is transferable, the right of a
19beneficiary to draw or otherwise demand performance under a letter of credit may
20not be transferred.
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21(2) Even if a letter of credit provides that it is transferable, the issuer may
22refuse to recognize or carry out a transfer if any of the following conditions are met:
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(a) The transfer would violate applicable law.
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(b) The transferor or transferee has failed to comply with any requirement
25stated in the letter of credit or any other requirement relating to transfer imposed
1by the issuer which is within the standard practice referred to in s. 405.108 (5) or is
2otherwise reasonable under the circumstances.
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3405.113 Transfer by operation of law. (1) A successor of a beneficiary may
4consent to amendments, sign and present documents, and receive payment or other
5items of value in the name of the beneficiary without disclosing its status as a
6successor.
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7(2) A successor of a beneficiary may consent to amendments, sign and present
8documents, and receive payment or other items of value in its own name as the
9disclosed successor of the beneficiary. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (5), an
10issuer shall recognize a disclosed successor of a beneficiary as beneficiary in full
11substitution for its predecessor upon compliance with the requirements for
12recognition by the issuer of a transfer of drawing rights by operation of law under the
13standard practice referred to in s. 405.108 (5) or, in the absence of such a practice,
14compliance with other reasonable procedures sufficient to protect the issuer.
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15(3) An issuer is not obliged to determine whether a purported successor is a
16successor of a beneficiary or whether the signature of a purported successor is
17genuine or authorized.
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18(4) Honor of a purported successor's apparently complying presentation under
19sub. (1) or (2) has the consequences specified in s. 405.108 (9) even if the purported
20successor is not the successor of a beneficiary. Documents signed in the name of the
21beneficiary or of a disclosed successor by a person who is neither the beneficiary nor
22the successor of the beneficiary are forged documents for the purposes of s. 405.109.
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23(5) An issuer whose rights of reimbursement are not covered by sub. (4) or
24substantially similar law and any confirmer or nominated person may decline to
25recognize a presentation under sub. (2).
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1(6) A beneficiary whose name is changed after the issuance of a letter of credit
2has the same rights and obligations as a successor of a beneficiary under this section.
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3405.114 Assignment of proceeds. (1) In this section, "proceeds of a letter
4of credit" means the cash, check, accepted draft, or other item of value paid or
5delivered upon honor or giving of value by the issuer or any nominated person under
6the letter of credit. The term does not include a beneficiary's drawing rights or
7documents presented by the beneficiary.
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8(2) A beneficiary may assign its right to part or all of the proceeds of a letter
9of credit. The beneficiary may do so before presentation as a present assignment of
10its right to receive proceeds contingent upon its compliance with the terms and
11conditions of the letter of credit.
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12(3) An issuer or nominated person need not recognize an assignment of
13proceeds of a letter of credit until it consents to the assignment.
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14(4) An issuer or nominated person has no obligation to give or withhold its
15consent to an assignment of proceeds of a letter of credit, but consent may not be
16unreasonably withheld if the assignee possesses and exhibits the letter of credit and
17presentation of the letter of credit is a condition to honor.
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18(5) Rights of a transferee beneficiary or nominated person are independent of
19the beneficiary's assignment of the proceeds of a letter of credit and are superior to
20the assignee's right to the proceeds.