AB400,130,19
11322.054 Article 54—Record of trial. (1) Each general and special
12court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought
13before it, and the record shall be authenticated by the signature of the military judge.
14If the record cannot be authenticated by the military judge by reason of his or her
15death, disability, or absence, it shall be authenticated by the signature of the trial
16counsel or by that of a member, if the trial counsel is unable to authenticate it by
17reason of his or her death, disability, or absence. In a court-martial consisting of only
18a military judge, the record shall be authenticated by the court reporter under the
19same conditions which would impose a duty on a member under this subsection.
AB400,130,23
20(2) A complete verbatim record of the proceedings and testimony shall be
21prepared in each general and special court-martial case resulting in a conviction,
22and in all other court-martial cases, the record shall contain matters as may be
23prescribed by regulations.
AB400,131,3
1(3) Each summary court-martial shall keep a separate record of the
2proceedings in each case, and the record shall be authenticated in the manner as may
3be prescribed by regulations.
AB400,131,5
4(4) A copy of the record of the proceedings of each general and special
5court-martial shall be given to the accused as soon as it is authenticated.
AB400,131,76
SUBCHAPTER VIII
7
SENTENCES
AB400,131,12
8322.055 Article 55—Cruel and unusual punishments prohibited. 9Punishment by flogging, or by branding, marking, or tattooing on the body, or any
10other cruel or unusual punishment may not be adjudged by a court-martial or
11inflicted upon any person subject to this code. The use of irons, single or double,
12except for the purpose of safe custody, is prohibited.
AB400,131,14
13322.056 Article 56—Maximum limits. (1) The punishment which a
14court-martial may direct for an offense may not exceed 10 years confinement.
AB400,131,17
15(2) A conviction by a general court-martial of any military offense for which
16an accused may receive a sentence of confinement for more than 1 year is a felony
17offense.
AB400,131,19
18(3) Except for convictions by a summary court-martial, all other offenses are
19misdemeanors.
AB400,131,20
20(4) A conviction by a summary court-martial is not a criminal conviction.
AB400,131,23
21(5) The limits of punishment for violations of the punitive sections under
22Subch. X shall be prescribed by the governor according to ss. 322.018, to 322.020, but
23under no instance shall any punishment exceed that authorized by this code.
AB400,132,4
24322.057 Article 57—Effective date of sentences. (1) Whenever a
25sentence of a court-martial as lawfully adjudged and approved includes a forfeiture
1of pay or allowances in addition to confinement not suspended, the forfeiture may
2apply to pay or allowances becoming due on or after the date the sentence is approved
3by the convening authority. No forfeiture may extend to any pay or allowances
4accrued before that date.
AB400,132,8
5(2) Any period of confinement included in a sentence of a court-martial begins
6to run from the date the sentence is adjudged by the court-martial, but periods
7during which the sentence to confinement is suspended or deferred shall be excluded
8in computing the service of the term of confinement.
AB400,132,10
9(3) All other sentences of courts-martial are effective on the date ordered
10executed.
AB400,132,20
11322.0575 Article 57a—Deferment of sentences. (1) On application by
12an accused who is under sentence to confinement that has not been ordered executed,
13the convening authority or, if the accused is no longer under that person's
14jurisdiction, the person exercising general court-martial jurisdiction over the
15command to which the accused is currently assigned, may in that person's sole
16discretion defer service of the sentence to confinement. The deferment shall
17terminate when the sentence is ordered executed. The deferment may be rescinded
18at any time by the person who granted it or, if the accused is no longer under that
19person's jurisdiction, by the person exercising general court-martial jurisdiction
20over the command to which the accused is currently assigned.
AB400,132,25
21(2) (a) In any case in which a court-martial sentences an accused referred to
22in par. (b) to confinement, the convening authority may defer the service of the
23sentence to confinement, without the consent of the accused, until after the accused
24has been permanently released to the state military forces by a state, the United
25States, or a foreign country referred to in that paragraph.
AB400,133,2
1(b) Paragraph (a) applies to a person subject to this code who meets all of the
2following:
AB400,133,53
1. While in the custody of a state, the United States, or a foreign country is
4temporarily returned by that state, the United States, or a foreign country to the
5state military forces for trial by court-martial.
AB400,133,86
2. After the court-martial, is returned to that state, the United States, or a
7foreign country under the authority of a mutual agreement or treaty, as the case may
8be.
AB400,133,12
9(3) In any case in which a court-martial sentences an accused to confinement
10and the sentence to confinement has been ordered executed, but in which review of
11the case under s. 322.0675 is pending, the adjutant general may defer further service
12of the sentence to confinement while that review is pending.
AB400,133,13
13(4) A sentence of confinement shall address work release privileges.
AB400,133,19
14322.058 Article 58—Conditions of confinement. (1) A sentence of
15confinement adjudged by a court-martial, whether or not the sentence includes
16discharge or dismissal, and whether or not the discharge or dismissal has been
17executed, may be carried into execution by confinement in any place authorized by
18this code. Persons so confined are subject to the same discipline and treatment as
19persons regularly confined or committed to that place of confinement.
AB400,133,22
20(2) The omission of hard labor as a sentence authorized under this code does
21not deprive the state confinement facility from employing it, if it otherwise is within
22the authority of that facility to do so.
AB400,133,24
23(3) No place of confinement may require payment of any fee or charge for
24receiving or confining a person except as otherwise provided by law.
AB400,134,5
1322.0585 Article 58a—Sentences: reduction in enlisted grade upon
2approval. (1) A court-martial sentence of an enlisted member in a pay grade above
3E-1, as approved by the convening authority, that includes a dishonorable or
4bad-conduct discharge, or confinement, reduces that member to pay grade E-1,
5effective on the date of that approval.
AB400,134,9
6(2) If the sentence of a member who is reduced in pay grade under sub. (1) is
7set aside or disapproved, or, as finally approved, does not include any punishment
8named in sub. (1), the rights and privileges of which the person was deprived because
9of that reduction shall be restored, including pay and allowances.
AB400,134,18
10322.0587 Article 58b—Sentences: forfeiture of pay and allowances
11during confinement. (1) A court-martial sentence described in sub. (2) shall
12result in the forfeiture of pay, or of pay and allowances, due that member during any
13period of confinement or parole. The forfeiture subject to this section shall take effect
14on the date determined under s. 322.057 (1) and may be deferred as provided by that
15subsection. The pay and allowances forfeited, in the case of a general court-martial,
16shall be all pay and allowances due that member during the period and, in the case
17of a special court-martial, shall be two-thirds of all pay due that member during the
18period.
AB400,134,20
19(2) A sentence covered by this section is any sentence that includes any of the
20following:
AB400,134,2121
(a) Confinement for more than 6 months.
AB400,134,2322
(b) Confinement for 6 months or less and a dishonorable or bad-conduct
23discharge or dismissal.
AB400,135,4
24(3) In a case involving an accused who has dependents, the convening
25authority or other person acting under s. 322.060 may waive any or all of the
1forfeitures of pay and allowances required by sub. (1) for a period not to exceed 6
2months. Any amount of pay or allowances that, except for a waiver under this
3subsection, would be forfeited shall be paid, as the convening authority or other
4person taking action directs, to the dependents of the accused.
AB400,135,9
5(4) If the sentence of a member who forfeits pay and allowances under sub. (1)
6is set aside or disapproved or, as finally approved, does not provide for a punishment
7referred to in sub. (1) (b), the member shall be paid the pay and allowances that the
8member would have been paid, except for the forfeiture, for the period during which
9the forfeiture was in effect.
AB400,135,1210
SUBCHAPTER IX
11
POST-TRIAL PROCEDURE AND
12
REVIEW OF COURTS-MARTIAL
AB400,135,15
13322.059 Article 59—Error of law; lesser included offense. (1) A finding
14or sentence of a court-martial may not be held incorrect on the ground of an error
15of law unless the error materially prejudices the substantial rights of the accused.
AB400,135,18
16(2) Any reviewing authority with the power to approve or affirm a finding of
17guilty may approve or affirm, instead, so much of the finding as includes a lesser
18included offense.
AB400,135,21
19322.060 Article 60—Action by the convening authority. (1) The findings
20and sentence of a court-martial shall be reported promptly to the convening
21authority after the announcement of the sentence.
AB400,136,3
22(2) The accused may submit to the convening authority matters for
23consideration by the convening authority with respect to the findings and the
24sentence. Any submission shall be in writing. Except in a summary court-martial
25case, a submission shall be made within 10 days after the accused has been given an
1authenticated record of trial and, if applicable, the recommendation of a judge
2advocate under sub. (9). In a summary court-martial case, a submission shall be
3made within 7 days after the sentence is announced.
AB400,136,7
4(3) If the accused shows that additional time is required for the accused to
5submit matters, the convening authority or other person taking action under this
6section, for good cause, may extend the applicable period for not more than an
7additional 20 days.
AB400,136,9
8(4) In a summary court-martial case, the accused shall be promptly provided
9a copy of the record of trial for use in preparing a submission.
AB400,136,14
10(5) The accused may waive the right to make a submission to the convening
11authority under sub. (2). A waiver must be made in writing and may not be revoked.
12The time within which the accused may make a submission under this subsection
13shall be deemed to have expired upon the submission of a waiver to the convening
14authority.
AB400,136,19
15(6) The authority under this section to modify the findings and sentence of a
16court-martial is a matter of command prerogative involving the sole discretion of the
17convening authority. If it is impractical for the convening authority to act, the
18convening authority shall forward the case to a person exercising general
19court-martial jurisdiction who may take action under this section.
AB400,136,25
20(7) Action on the sentence of a court-martial shall be taken by the convening
21authority or by another person authorized to act under this section. Action may be
22taken only after consideration of any matters submitted by the accused under sub.
23(2) or after the time for submitting matters expires, whichever is earlier. The
24convening authority or other person taking action, in that person's sole discretion
25may approve, disapprove, commute, or suspend the sentence in whole or in part.
AB400,137,3
1(8) Action on the findings of a court-martial by the convening authority or
2other person acting on the sentence is not required. However, the person, in the
3person's sole discretion may do any of the following:
AB400,137,44
(a) Dismiss any charge or specification by setting aside a finding of guilty.
AB400,137,75
(b) Change a finding of guilty to a charge or specification to a finding of guilty
6to an offense that is a lesser included offense of the offense stated in the charge or
7specification.
AB400,137,18
8(9) Before acting under this section on any general or special court-martial
9case in which there is a finding of guilt, the convening authority or other person
10taking action under this section shall obtain and consider the written
11recommendation of a judge advocate. The convening authority or other person
12taking action under this section shall refer the record of trial to the judge advocate,
13and the judge advocate shall use the record in the preparation of the
14recommendation. The recommendation of the judge advocate shall include matters
15as may be prescribed by regulation and shall be served on the accused, who may
16submit any matter in response. Failure to object in the response to the
17recommendation or to any matter attached to the recommendation waives the right
18to object.
AB400,137,20
19(10) The convening authority or other person taking action under this section,
20in the person's sole discretion, may order a proceeding in revision or a rehearing.
AB400,137,25
21(11) A proceeding in revision may be ordered if there is an apparent error or
22omission in the record or if the record shows improper or inconsistent action by a
23court-martial with respect to the findings or sentence that can be rectified without
24material prejudice to the substantial rights of the accused. In no case, however, may
25a proceeding in revision perform any of the following:
AB400,138,2
1(a) Reconsider a finding of not guilty of any specification or a ruling which
2amounts to a finding of not guilty.
AB400,138,53
(b) Reconsider a finding of not guilty of any charge, unless there has been a
4finding of guilty under a specification laid under that charge, which sufficiently
5alleges a violation of some section of this code.
AB400,138,76
(c) Increase the severity of the sentence unless the sentence prescribed for the
7offense is mandatory.
AB400,138,15
8(12) A rehearing may be ordered by the convening authority or other person
9taking action under this section if that person disapproves the findings and sentence
10and states the reasons for disapproval of the findings. If a person disapproves the
11findings and sentence and does not order a rehearing, that person shall dismiss the
12charges. A rehearing as to the findings may not be ordered where there is a lack of
13sufficient evidence in the record to support the findings. A rehearing as to the
14sentence may be ordered if the convening authority or other person taking action
15under this subsection disapproves the sentence.
AB400,138,20
16322.061 Article 61—Withdrawal of appeal. (1) In each case subject to
17appellate review under this code, the accused may file with the convening authority
18a statement expressly withdrawing the right of the accused to appeal. A withdrawal
19shall be signed by both the accused and his or her defense counsel and must be filed
20in accordance with appellate procedures under ch. 809.
AB400,138,22
21(2) The accused may withdraw an appeal at any time in accordance with
22appellate procedures under ch. 809.
AB400,139,2
23322.062 Article 62—Appeal by the state. (1) In a trial by court-martial
24in which a punitive discharge may be adjudged, the state may appeal any of the
25following, other than a finding of not guilty with respect to the charge or specification
1by the members of the court-martial, or by a judge in a bench trial, so long as it is
2not made in reconsideration:
AB400,139,43
(a) An order or ruling of the military judge which terminates the proceedings
4with respect to a charge or specification.
AB400,139,65
(b) An order or ruling which excludes evidence that is substantial proof of a fact
6material in the proceeding.
AB400,139,77
(c) An order or ruling which directs the disclosure of classified information.
AB400,139,98
(d) An order or ruling which imposes sanctions for nondisclosure of classified
9information.
AB400,139,1110
(e) A refusal of the military judge to issue a protective order sought by the State
11to prevent the disclosure of classified information.
AB400,139,1312
(f) A refusal by the military judge to enforce an order described in par. (e) that
13has previously been issued by appropriate authority.
AB400,139,19
14(2) An appeal of an order or ruling may not be taken unless the trial counsel
15provides the military judge with written notice of appeal from the order or ruling
16within 72 hours of the order or ruling. Notice shall include a certification by the trial
17counsel that the appeal is not taken for the purpose of delay and, if the order or ruling
18appealed is one which excludes evidence, that the evidence excluded is substantial
19proof of a fact material in the proceeding.
AB400,139,21
20(3) An appeal under this section shall be diligently prosecuted as provided by
21law.
AB400,139,24
22(4) An appeal under this section shall be forwarded to the court prescribed in
23s. 322.0675. In ruling on an appeal under this section, that court may act only with
24respect to matters of law.
AB400,140,4
1(5) Any period of delay resulting from an appeal under this section shall be
2excluded in deciding any issue regarding denial of a speedy trial unless an
3appropriate authority determines that the appeal was filed solely for the purpose of
4delay with the knowledge that it was totally frivolous and without merit.
AB400,140,17
5322.063 Article 63—Rehearings. Each rehearing under this code shall take
6place before a court-martial composed of members not members of the court-martial
7which first heard the case. Upon a rehearing the accused may not be tried for any
8offense of which he or she was found not guilty by the first court-martial, and no
9sentence in excess of or more severe than the original sentence may be approved,
10unless the sentence is based upon a finding of guilty of an offense not considered upon
11the merits in the original proceedings, or unless the sentence prescribed for the
12offense is mandatory. If the sentence approved after the first court-martial was in
13accordance with a pretrial agreement and the accused at the rehearing changes a
14plea with respect to the charges or specifications upon which the pretrial agreement
15was based, or otherwise does not comply with the pretrial agreement, the approved
16sentence as to those charges or specifications may include any punishment not in
17excess of that lawfully adjudged at the first court-martial.
AB400,140,25
18322.064 Article 64—Review by the senior force judge advocate. (1) 19Each general and special court-martial case in which there has been a finding of
20guilty shall be reviewed by the senior force judge advocate, or a designee. The senior
21force judge advocate, or designee, may not review a case under this subsection if that
22person has acted in the same case as an accuser, investigating officer, member of the
23court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise acted on behalf of the prosecution
24or defense. The senior force judge advocate's review shall be in writing and shall
25contain all of the following:
AB400,141,1
1(a) Conclusions regarding all of the following:
AB400,141,22
1. The court had jurisdiction over the accused and the offense.
AB400,141,33
2. The charge and specification stated an offense.
AB400,141,44
3. The sentence was within the limits prescribed as a matter of law.
AB400,141,55
(b) A response to each allegation of error made in writing by the accused.
AB400,141,86
(c) If the case is sent for action under sub. (2), a recommendation as to the
7appropriate action to be taken and an opinion as to whether corrective action is
8required as a matter of law.
AB400,141,11
9(2) The record of trial and related documents in each case reviewed under sub.
10(1) shall be sent for action to the adjutant general, under any of the following
11circumstances:
AB400,141,1212
(a) The judge advocate who reviewed the case recommends corrective action.
AB400,141,1413
(b) The sentence approved under s. 322.060 extends to dismissal, a
14bad-conduct or dishonorable discharge, or confinement for more than 6 months.
AB400,141,1515
(c) Action is otherwise required by regulations of the adjutant general.
AB400,141,16
16(3) The adjutant general may do any of the following:
AB400,141,1717
(a) Disapprove or approve the findings or sentence, in whole or in part.
AB400,141,1818
(b) Remit, commute, or suspend the sentence in whole or in part.
AB400,141,2019
(c) Except where the evidence was insufficient at the trial to support the
20findings, order a rehearing on the findings, on the sentence, or on both.
AB400,141,2121
(d) Dismiss the charges.
AB400,141,23
22(4) If a rehearing is ordered but the convening authority finds a rehearing
23impracticable, the convening authority shall dismiss the charges.
AB400,142,4
24(5) If the opinion of the senior force judge advocate, or designee, in the senior
25force judge advocate's review under sub. (1) is that corrective action is required as
1a matter of law and if the adjutant general does not take action that is at least as
2favorable to the accused as that recommended by the judge advocate, the record of
3trial and action thereon shall be sent to the governor for review and action as deemed
4appropriate.
AB400,142,11
5(6) The senior force judge advocate, or a designee, may review any case in
6which there has been a finding of not guilty of all charges and specifications. The
7senior force judge advocate, or designee, may not review a case under this subsection
8if that person has acted in the same case as an accuser, investigating officer, member
9of the court, military judge, or counsel or has otherwise acted on behalf of the
10prosecution or defense. The senior force judge advocate's review shall be limited to
11questions of subject matter jurisdiction.
AB400,142,13
12(7) The record of trial and related documents in each case reviewed under sub.
13(4) shall be sent for action to the adjutant general.
AB400,142,14
14(8) The adjutant general may do any of the following:
AB400,142,1715
(a) When subject matter jurisdiction is found to be lacking, void the
16court-martial from inception, with or without prejudice to the government, as the
17adjutant general deems appropriate.
AB400,142,1918
(b) Return the record of trial and related documents to the senior force judge
19advocate for appeal by the government as provided by law.