Date of enactment: December 7, 2009
2009 Senate Bill 288 Date of publication*: December 21, 2009
* Section 991.11, Wisconsin Statutes 2007-08 : Effective date of acts. "Every act and every portion of an act enacted by the legislature over the governor's partial veto which does not expressly prescribe the time when it takes effect shall take effect on the day after its date of publication as designated" by the secretary of state [the date of publication may not be more than 10 working days after the date of enactment].
2009 WISCONSIN ACT 94
An Act to repeal 48.21 (5) (d) 2., 48.21 (5) (d) 3., 48.32 (1) (c) 2., 48.32 (1) (c) 3., 48.355 (2d) (c) 2., 48.355 (2d) (c) 3., 48.357 (2v) (c) 2., 48.357 (2v) (c) 3., 48.365 (2m) (ad) 2., 48.685 (1) (e), 48.983 (1) (d), 48.983 (1) (e), 938.02 (18g), 938.21 (5) (d) 2., 938.21 (5) (d) 3., 938.32 (1) (d) 2., 938.32 (1) (d) 3., 938.355 (2d) (c) 2., 938.355 (2d) (c) 3., 938.357 (2v) (c) 2., 938.357 (2v) (c) 3., 938.365 (2m) (ad) 2. and 938.538 (6m) (a) 1.; to renumber 938.02 (9m); to renumber and amend 48.20 (8), 48.21 (5) (d) 1., 48.273 (1), 48.32 (1) (c) 1., 48.355 (2d) (c) 1., 48.357 (1) (am) 2., 48.357 (2m) (c), 48.357 (2v) (c) 1., 48.365 (2m) (ad) 1., 48.424 (1), 48.981 (1) (cs), 938.21 (5) (d) 1., 938.273 (1) (c), 938.32 (1) (d) 1., 938.355 (2d) (c) 1., 938.357 (2m) (c), 938.357 (2v) (c) 1. and 938.365 (2m) (ad) 1.; to amend 48.02 (2), 48.02 (13), 48.02 (15), 48.028 (2) (e) and (f), 48.028 (7) (b) 2. and 3., 48.13 (intro.), 48.14 (intro.), 48.15, 48.19 (2), 48.195 (2) (d) 7., 48.20 (2) (ag), 48.20 (2) (b), 48.20 (3), 48.20 (7) (c) (intro.), 48.20 (7) (c) 1., 48.20 (7) (d), 48.21 (3) (am), 48.21 (3) (b), 48.21 (3) (d), 48.21 (3) (e), 48.23 (2), 48.23 (3), 48.23 (4), 48.235 (4) (a) 7., 48.235 (4m) (a) 7., 48.255 (1) (cm), 48.255 (1m) (d), 48.255 (2), 48.255 (4), 48.27 (3) (a) 1., 48.27 (3) (d), 48.27 (4) (a) 2., 48.299 (6) (d), 48.30 (1), 48.30 (2), 48.30 (6) (a), 48.30 (7), 48.305, 48.31 (1), 48.31 (7) (a), 48.315 (1m), 48.335 (3j) (intro.), 48.345 (3) (intro.), 48.355 (2) (d), 48.357 (1) (am) 1., 48.357 (1) (am) 3., 48.357 (1) (c) 2., 48.357 (1) (c) 3., 48.357 (2m) (a), 48.357 (2m) (b), 48.363 (1) (a), 48.363 (1) (b), 48.365 (1m), 48.365 (2), 48.365 (2m) (a) 1., 48.365 (2m) (a) 3., 48.365 (2m) (ag), 48.38 (4m) (b) and (c), 48.38 (5) (b), 48.38 (5) (d), 48.38 (5) (e), 48.38 (5m) (b), 48.38 (5m) (d), 48.38 (5m) (e), 48.415 (intro.), 48.42 (1) (d), 48.42 (2) (c), 48.42 (4) (a), 48.422 (1), 48.422 (2), 48.422 (6) (a), 48.422 (8), 48.424 (2) (intro.), 48.424 (2) (a), 48.424 (3), 48.424 (4) (intro.), 48.424 (4) (a), 48.424 (4) (b), 48.424 (5), 48.425 (1) (intro.), 48.428 (2) (a), 48.428 (2) (b), 48.43 (5) (c), 48.43 (5m), 48.43 (6) (a), 48.43 (6) (c), 48.46 (2), 48.48 (3m) (intro.), 48.48 (8m), 48.485, 48.487 (2), 48.487 (3) (b), 48.487 (4m) (b) (intro.), 48.487 (4m) (c), 48.487 (4m) (d), 48.563 (3), 48.565 (intro.), 48.57 (3p) (h) 2., 48.57 (3p) (h) 3. (intro.), 48.57 (3p) (h) 4., 48.57 (3t), 48.63 (1), 48.63 (3) (b) 1., 48.63 (4), 48.63 (5) (b), 48.63 (5) (c), 48.63 (5) (d) 3., 48.63 (5) (d) 4., 48.63 (5) (d) 5., 48.63 (5) (d) 6., 48.645 (1) (a), 48.645 (2) (a) 1., 48.645 (2) (a) 3., 48.645 (2) (a) 4., 48.645 (2) (b), 48.685 (5) (a), 48.685 (5d) (a) (intro.), 48.685 (5d) (a) 2., 48.685 (5d) (a) 3., 48.685 (5d) (a) 3m., 48.685 (5d) (a) 4., 48.685 (5d) (b), 48.825 (1) (b), 48.83 (1), 48.831 (2), 48.837 (1r) (a), 48.837 (4) (c), 48.837 (4) (d), 48.837 (6) (c), 48.85 (1), 48.88 (2) (a) (intro.), 48.88 (2) (b), 48.89 (1), 48.91 (3), 48.93 (1d), 48.977 (4) (a) 1., 48.977 (4) (b) 6., 48.977 (4) (c) 2., 48.978 (2) (b) 11., 48.981 (1) (ct), 48.981 (1) (i), 48.981 (3) (bm) (intro.), 48.981 (3) (bm) 1., 48.981 (3) (bm) 2., 48.981 (7) (a) 10m., 48.981 (7) (a) 10r., 48.981 (7) (a) 11m., 938.02 (10m), 938.02 (12m), 938.02 (13), 938.02 (15), 938.02 (15c), 938.028 (2) (c), 938.028 (6) (a) 2. and 3., 938.13 (intro.), 938.15, 938.185 (4) (title), 938.185 (4) (intro.), 938.185 (4) (a), 938.185 (4) (b), 938.19 (2), 938.20 (2) (ag), 938.20 (2) (b), 938.20 (3), 938.20 (7) (c) 1., 938.20 (7) (d), 938.20 (8) (a), 938.21 (2) (title), 938.21 (2) (ag), 938.21 (3) (ag), 938.21 (3) (am), 938.21 (3) (b), 938.21 (3) (d), 938.21 (3) (e), 938.23 (3), 938.23 (4), 938.235 (4) (a) 7., 938.24 (2r) (title), 938.24 (2r) (a) (intro.), 938.24 (2r) (a) 1., 938.24 (2r) (a) 2., 938.24 (2r) (b), 938.243 (1) (e), 938.25 (2g) (title), 938.255 (1) (cm), 938.255 (1) (cr) 1. a., 938.255 (1) (cr) 1. b., 938.255 (1) (cr) 1. c., 938.255 (1) (cr) 2., 938.255 (2), 938.255 (4), 938.27 (3) (a) 1., 938.27 (4) (b), 938.273 (1) (a), 938.273 (1) (b), 938.299 (6) (d), 938.299 (9) (title), 938.299 (9) (a), 938.30 (1), 938.30 (2), 938.30 (6) (a), 938.30 (7), 938.305, 938.31 (7) (a), 938.335 (3j) (intro.), 938.355 (2) (d), 938.355 (6) (an) 1., 938.355 (6) (b), 938.355 (6m) (am) 1., 938.355 (6m) (c), 938.357 (1) (am) 1., 938.357 (1) (am) 2., 938.357 (1) (am) 3., 938.357 (1) (c) 2., 938.357 (1) (c) 3., 938.357 (2m) (a), 938.357 (2m) (b), 938.363 (1) (a), 938.363 (1) (b), 938.365 (1m), 938.365 (2), 938.365 (2m) (a) 1., 938.365 (2m) (a) 3., 938.365 (2m) (ag), 938.38 (3) (intro.), 938.38 (4m) (b) and (c), 938.38 (5) (b), 938.38 (5) (d), 938.38 (5) (e), 938.38 (5m) (b), 938.38 (5m) (d), 938.38 (5m) (e) and 938.538 (6m) (a) 4.; to repeal and recreate 48.01 (2), 48.028, 48.27 (3) (a) 1., 48.357 (1) (am) 1., 48.357 (2m) (b), 48.363 (1) (b), 48.365 (2), 48.365 (2m) (ag), 48.38 (5) (b), 48.38 (5) (e), 48.38 (5m) (b), 48.38 (5m) (e), 48.428 (2) (a), 48.428 (2) (b), 48.43 (5m), 48.63 (1), 48.63 (4), 48.645 (1) (a), 48.645 (2) (a) 1., 48.645 (2) (a) 3., 48.645 (2) (a) 4., 48.645 (2) (b), 938.028, 938.27 (3) (a) 1., 938.357 (1) (am) 1., 938.357 (1) (am) 2., 938.357 (2m) (b), 938.363 (1) (b), 938.365 (2), 938.365 (2m) (ag), 938.38 (5) (b), 938.38 (5) (e), 938.38 (5m) (b) and 938.38 (5m) (e); and to create 48.02 (8d), 48.02 (8m), 48.02 (8p), 48.02 (8r), 48.02 (18j), 48.14 (12), 48.207 (1g), 48.23 (2g), 48.255 (1) (g), 48.255 (1m) (g), 48.273 (1) (ag), 48.273 (1) (c) 2., 48.299 (9), 48.31 (5), 48.315 (1) (j), 48.32 (1) (d), 48.33 (4) (d), 48.335 (3j), 48.345 (3m), 48.355 (2) (b) 6v., 48.355 (2d) (d), 48.357 (1) (am) 1g., 48.357 (1) (c) 1m., 48.357 (1) (c) 2m., 48.357 (2m) (am), 48.357 (2m) (bm), 48.357 (2v) (a) 4., 48.365 (2g) (b) 4., 48.38 (4) (i), 48.38 (4m), 48.38 (5) (c) 8., 48.41 (2) (e), 48.417 (2) (cm), 48.42 (1) (e), 48.42 (2g) (ag), 48.424 (1) (b), 48.425 (1) (cm), 48.427 (5), 48.427 (6) (b) 4., 48.43 (5) (bm), 48.831 (1r), 48.831 (4) (cm), 48.833 (3), 48.837 (2) (e), 48.88 (2) (ag), 48.93 (1v), 48.977 (4) (c) 1. j., 48.977 (4) (c) 2m., 48.977 (4) (g) 4., 806.245 (1m), 938.01 (3), 938.02 (8d), 938.02 (8g), 938.02 (8m), 938.02 (8p), 938.02 (8r), 938.02 (18j), 938.207 (1g), 938.23 (2g), 938.255 (1) (g), 938.27 (3) (d), 938.273 (1) (ag), 938.273 (1) (c) 2., 938.299 (10), 938.31 (5), 938.315 (1) (a) 11., 938.32 (1) (e), 938.33 (4) (d), 938.335 (3j), 938.345 (1m), 938.355 (2) (b) 6v., 938.355 (2d) (d), 938.355 (6) (bm), 938.355 (6) (cr), 938.355 (6m) (bm), 938.355 (6m) (cr), 938.357 (1) (am) 1g., 938.357 (1) (c) 1m., 938.357 (1) (c) 2m., 938.357 (2m) (am), 938.357 (2m) (bm), 938.357 (2v) (a) 4., 938.365 (2g) (b) 4., 938.38 (4) (i), 938.38 (4m) and 938.38 (5) (c) 8. of the statutes; relating to: Indian child welfare.
The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do enact as follows:
94,1 Section 1. 48.01 (2) of the statutes is repealed and recreated to read:
48.01 (2) In Indian child custody proceedings, the best interests of the Indian child shall be determined in accordance with the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, and the policy specified in this subsection. It is the policy of this state for courts and agencies responsible for child welfare to do all of the following:
(a) Cooperate fully with Indian tribes in order to ensure that the federal Indian Child Welfare Act is enforced in this state.
(b) Protect the best interests of Indian children and promote the stability and security of Indian tribes and families by doing all of the following:
1. Establishing minimum standards for the removal of Indian children from their families and placing those children in out-of-home care placements, preadoptive placements, or adoptive placements that will reflect the unique value of Indian culture.
2. Using practices, in accordance with the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, this section, and other applicable law, that are designed to prevent the voluntary or involuntary out-of-home care placement of Indian children and, when an out-of-home care placement, adoptive placement, or preadoptive placement is necessary, placing an Indian child in a placement that reflects the unique values of the Indian child's tribal culture and that is best able to assist the Indian child in establishing, developing, and maintaining a political, cultural, and social relationship with the Indian child's tribe and tribal community.
94,2 Section 2. 48.02 (2) of the statutes is amended to read:
48.02 (2) "Child", when used without further qualification, means a person who is less than 18 years of age, except that for purposes of investigating or prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated a state or federal criminal law or any civil law or municipal ordinance, "child" does not include a person who has attained 17 years of age.
94,3 Section 3. 48.02 (8d) of the statutes is created to read:
48.02 (8d) "Indian" means any person who is a member of an Indian tribe or who is an Alaska native and a member of a regional corporation, as defined in 43 USC 1606.
94,4 Section 4. 48.02 (8m) of the statutes is created to read:
48.02 (8m) "Indian child's tribe" means one of the following:
(a) The Indian tribe in which an Indian child is a member or eligible for membership.
(b) In the case of an Indian child who is a member of or eligible for membership in more than one tribe, the Indian tribe with which the Indian child has the more significant contacts.
94,5 Section 5. 48.02 (8p) of the statutes is created to read:
48.02 (8p) "Indian custodian" means an Indian person who has legal custody of an Indian child under tribal law or custom or under state law or to whom temporary physical care, custody, and control has been transferred by the parent of the child.
94,6 Section 6. 48.02 (8r) of the statutes is created to read:
48.02 (8r) "Indian tribe" means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians that is recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the U.S. secretary of the interior because of Indian status, including any Alaska native village, as defined in 43 USC 1602 (c).
94,7 Section 7. 48.02 (13) of the statutes is amended to read:
48.02 (13) "Parent" means either a biological parent, a husband who has consented to the artificial insemination of his wife under s. 891.40, or a parent by adoption. If the child is a nonmarital child who is not adopted or whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under s. 767.803, "parent" includes a person acknowledged under s. 767.805 or a substantially similar law of another state or adjudicated to be the biological father. "Parent" does not include any person whose parental rights have been terminated. For purposes of the application of s. 48.028 and the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, "parent" means a biological parent, an Indian husband who has consented to the artificial insemination of his wife under s. 891.40, or an Indian person who has lawfully adopted an Indian child, including an adoption under tribal law or custom, and includes, in the case of a nonmarital child who is not adopted or whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under s. 767.803, a person acknowledged under s. 767.805, a substantially similar law of another state, or tribal law or custom to be the biological father or a person adjudicated to be the biological father, but does not include any person whose parental rights have been terminated.
94,8 Section 8. 48.02 (15) of the statutes is amended to read:
48.02 (15) "Relative" means a parent, stepparent, brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, half brother, half sister, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, first cousin, 2nd cousin, nephew, niece, uncle, aunt, stepuncle, stepaunt, or any person of a preceding generation as denoted by the prefix of grand, great, or great-great, whether by blood, marriage, or legal adoption, or the spouse of any person named in this subsection, even if the marriage is terminated by death or divorce. For purposes of the application of s. 48.028 and the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, "relative" includes an extended family member, as defined in s. 48.028 (2) (am), whether by blood, marriage, or adoption, including adoption under tribal law or custom.
94,9 Section 9. 48.02 (18j) of the statutes is created to read:
48.02 (18j) "Tribal court" means a court that has jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings, and that is either a court of Indian offenses or a court established and operated under the code or custom of an Indian tribe, or any other administrative body of an Indian tribe that is vested with authority over Indian child custody proceedings.
94,10 Section 10. 48.028 of the statutes is repealed and recreated to read:
48.028 Indian child welfare. (1) Declaration of policy. In Indian child custody proceedings, the best interests of the Indian child shall be determined in accordance with s. 48.01 (2).
(2) Definitions. In this section:
(a) "Adoptive placement" means the permanent placement of an Indian child for adoption.
(am) "Extended family member" means a person who is defined as a member of an Indian child's extended family by the law or custom of the Indian child's tribe or, in the absence of such a law or custom, a person who has attained the age of 18 years and who is the Indian child's grandparent, aunt, uncle, brother, sister, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, niece, nephew, first cousin, 2nd cousin, or stepparent.
(b) "Former Indian custodian" means a person who was the Indian custodian of an Indian child before termination of parental rights to and adoption of the Indian child.
(c) "Former parent" means a person who was the parent of an Indian child before termination of parental rights to and adoption of the Indian child.
(d) "Indian child custody proceeding" means a proceeding governed by the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, in which any of the following may occur:
1. An adoptive placement.
2. An out-of-home care placement.
3. A preadoptive placement.
4. A termination of parental rights, as defined in s. 48.40 (2) to an Indian child.
(e) "Out-of-home care placement" means the removal of an Indian child from the home of his or her parent or Indian custodian for temporary placement in a foster home, treatment foster home, group home, residential care center for children and youth, or shelter care facility, in the home of a relative other than a parent, or in the home of a guardian, from which placement the parent or Indian custodian cannot have the child returned upon demand. "Out-of-home care placement" does not include an adoptive placement, a preadoptive placement, or holding an Indian child in custody under ss. 48.19 to 48.21.
(f) "Preadoptive placement" means the temporary placement of an Indian child in a foster home, treatment foster home, group home, or residential care center for children and youth, in the home of a relative other than a parent, or in the home of a guardian after a termination of parental rights but prior to or in lieu of an adoptive placement.
(g) "Qualified expert witness" means a person who is any of the following:
1. A member of the Indian child's tribe recognized by the Indian child's tribal community as knowledgeable regarding the tribe's customs relating to family organization or child-rearing practices.
2. A member of another tribe who is knowledgeable regarding the customs of the Indian child's tribe relating to family organization or child-rearing practices.
3. A professional person having substantial education and experience in the person's professional specialty and having substantial knowledge of the customs, traditions, and values of the Indian child's tribe relating to family organization and child-rearing practices.
4. A layperson having substantial experience in the delivery of child and family services to Indians and substantial knowledge of the prevailing social and cultural standards and child-rearing practices of the Indian child's tribe.
(h) "Reservation" means Indian country, as defined in 18 USC 1151, or any land not covered under that section to which title is either held by the United States in trust for the benefit of an Indian tribe or individual or held by an Indian tribe or individual, subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation.
(3) Jurisdiction over Indian child custody proceedings. (a) Applicability. This section and the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, apply to any Indian child custody proceeding regardless of whether the Indian child is in the legal custody or physical custody of an Indian parent, Indian custodian, extended family member, or other person at the commencement of the proceeding and whether the Indian child resides or is domiciled on or off of a reservation. A court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter may not determine whether this section and the federal Indian Child Welfare Act, 25 USC 1901 to 1963, apply to an Indian child custody proceeding based on whether the Indian child is part of an existing Indian family.
(b) Exclusive tribal jurisdiction. 1. An Indian tribe shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any Indian child custody proceeding involving an Indian child who resides or is domiciled within the reservation of the tribe, except when that jurisdiction is otherwise vested in the state by federal law and except as provided in subd. 2. If an Indian child is a ward of a tribal court, the Indian tribe shall retain exclusive jurisdiction regardless of the residence or domicile of the child.
2. Subdivision 1. does not prevent an Indian child who resides or is domiciled within a reservation, but who is temporarily located off the reservation, from being taken into and held in custody under ss. 48.19 to 48.21 in order to prevent imminent physical harm or damage to the Indian child. The person taking the Indian child into custody or the intake worker shall immediately release the Indian child from custody upon determining that holding the Indian child in custody is no longer necessary to prevent imminent physical damage or harm to the Indian child and shall expeditiously restore the Indian child to his or her parent or Indian custodian, release the Indian child to an appropriate official of the Indian child's tribe, or initiate an Indian child custody proceeding, as may be appropriate.
(c) Transfer of proceedings to tribe. In any Indian child custody proceeding under this chapter involving an out-of-home placement of, or termination of parental rights to, an Indian child who is not residing or domiciled within the reservation of the Indian child's tribe, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter shall, upon the petition of the Indian child's parent, Indian custodian, or tribe, transfer the proceeding to the jurisdiction of the tribe unless any of the following applies:
1. A parent of the Indian child objects to the transfer.
2. The Indian child's tribe does not have a tribal court, or the tribal court of the Indian child's tribe declines jurisdiction.
3. The court determines that good cause exists to deny the transfer. In determining whether good cause exists to deny the transfer, the court may not consider any perceived inadequacy of the tribal social services department or the tribal court of the Indian child's tribe. The court may determine that good cause exists to deny the transfer only if the person opposing the transfer shows by clear and convincing evidence that any of the following applies:
a. The Indian child is 12 years of age or over and objects to the transfer.
b. The evidence or testimony necessary to decide the case cannot be presented in tribal court without undue hardship to the parties or the witnesses and that the tribal court is unable to mitigate the hardship by making arrangements to receive the evidence or testimony by use of telephone or live audiovisual means, by hearing the evidence or testimony at a location that is convenient to the parties and witnesses, or by use of other means permissible under the tribal court's rules of evidence.
c. The Indian child's tribe received notice of the proceeding under sub. (4) (a), the tribe has not indicated to the court in writing that the tribe is monitoring the proceeding and may request a transfer at a later date, the petition for transfer is filed by the tribe, and the petition for transfer is filed more than 6 months after the tribe received notice of the proceeding or, if the proceeding is a termination of parental rights proceeding, more than 3 months after the tribe received notice of the proceeding.
(d) Declination of jurisdiction. If the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter determines that the petitioner in an Indian child custody proceeding has improperly removed the Indian child from the custody of his or her parent or Indian custodian or has improperly retained custody of the Indian child after a visit or other temporary relinquishment of custody, the court shall decline jurisdiction over the petition and immediately return the Indian child to the custody of the parent or Indian custodian, unless the court determines that returning the Indian child to his or her parent or Indian custodian would subject the Indian child to substantial and immediate danger or the threat of that danger.
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