LRB-2147/1
JK:sac:jf
2013 - 2014 LEGISLATURE
May 3, 2013 - Introduced by Representatives Wright, Hesselbein, Genrich,
Barnes, Goyke, Johnson, Kahl, Kolste, Ohnstad, Riemer, Sargent,
Shankland, Smith, Wachs, Barca, Berceau, Bernard Schaber, Billings,
Clark, Danou, Hebl, Hintz, Hulsey, Jorgensen, Mason, Milroy, Pasch, Pope,
Ringhand, Sinicki, C. Taylor, Vruwink, Young, Zamarripa and Zepnick,
cosponsored by Senators Hansen, T. Cullen, Schultz, Carpenter,
Erpenbach, Harris, Jauch, C. Larson, Lehman, Risser, L. Taylor, Vinehout
and Wirch. Referred to Committee on Government Operations and State
Licensing.
AB185,1,4 1An Act to repeal 3.002 (2); to consolidate, renumber and amend 3.002
2(intro.) and (1m); to amend 3.004 (2) and 5.15 (4) (a); to repeal and recreate
3subchapter I of chapter 4 [precedes 4.001]; and to create 13.49 of the statutes;
4relating to: legislative and congressional redistricting.
Analysis by the Legislative Reference Bureau
Currently, under the state constitution, the legislature is directed to redistrict
legislative districts according to the number of inhabitants at its next session
following each decennial federal census. At the same intervals, the legislature also
reapportions congressional districts in this state pursuant to federal law. Under
current state law, following each decennial federal census, most municipalities are
also required to divide their territory into wards. With limited exceptions, wards are
required to consist of one or more whole, contiguous census blocks (the smallest
geographic units for which census results are available). Traditionally, the
legislature has used municipal wards to construct legislative and congressional
districts, although the legislature may adjust the boundaries of a municipal ward
and use the revised ward boundaries instead. Legislative and congressional
redistricting plans enacted pursuant to this procedure are used to elect members of
the legislature and members of Congress in the fall of the second year following the
year of the census.
This bill creates a new procedure for the preparation of legislative and
congressional redistricting plans. The bill directs the Legislative Reference Bureau
(LRB) to draw redistricting plans based upon standards specified in the bill and

establishes a Redistricting Advisory Commission to perform certain tasks in the
redistricting process. The bill also makes various other changes to the laws
governing redistricting. Significant aspects of the bill include:
Redistricting standards
Under the bill, a redistricting plan drawn by the LRB must satisfy several
criteria, including:
1. The plan must be based on population requirements imposed under the
Wisconsin Constitution and the U.S. Constitution and requirements imposed under
Section 2 of the federal Voting Rights Act, which, among other things, generally
prohibits redistricting plans from abridging the right to vote on account of race or
color or because a person is a member of a language minority group.
2. The senate and assembly districts established in the plan must satisfy equal
population standards specified in the bill. Among other things, no senate district
may have a population which exceeds that of any other senate district by more than
ten percent and no assembly district may have a population which exceeds that of
any other assembly district by more than ten percent, unless necessary to maintain
compliance with Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. Congressional districts
established in the plan must each have a population as nearly equal as practicable
to the ideal population for such districts, while maintaining compliance with Section
2 of the Voting Rights Act.
3. District boundaries under the plan must coincide with municipal ward
boundaries and, to the extent consistent with the Wisconsin Constitution, the U.S.
Constitution, and Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, must coincide with the
boundaries of political subdivisions. The number of political subdivisions divided
among more than one district must be as small as possible and, with limited
exceptions, if there is a choice among political subdivisions to divide, the more
populous political subdivisions shall be divided before the less populous.
4. Districts must be composed of convenient contiguous territory. Under the
bill, areas which meet only at the points of adjoining corners are not contiguous.
5. To the extent consistent with the requirements described in items 1. to 3.,
districts must be compact. The bill also specifies how compactness is to be measured.
6. In preparing the plan, the LRB must be strictly nonpartisan. No district may
be drawn for the purpose of favoring a political party, incumbent legislator or
member of Congress, or other person or group, or, except to the extent necessary to
meet the requirements described in item 1., for the purpose of augmenting or diluting
the voting strength of a language or racial minority group. The LRB may not use
residence addresses of incumbent legislators or members of Congress, political
affiliations of registered voters, previous election results, or, except as necessary to
meet the requirements described in item 1., demographic information.
7. The number of assembly districts may not be less than 54 nor more than 100.
The number of senate districts may not be more than one-third nor less than
one-fourth of the number of assembly districts. Each senate district must contain
only whole assembly districts and, with certain exceptions, each congressional
district may contain only whole senate districts, to the extent possible.

Redistricting Advisory Commission
The bill assigns several tasks to the Redistricting Advisory Commission,
including:
1. If requested to do so by the LRB, the commission must provide direction to
the LRB concerning any decision the LRB must make in preparing a redistricting
plan for which no clearly applicable guideline is provided under the bill.
2. The commission must make available to the public at the earliest feasible
time copies of any redistricting bill delivered by the LRB to the legislature, as
provided under this bill, maps illustrating the redistricting bill, a summary of the
standards applicable to the LRB for development of the plan in the redistricting bill,
and a statement of the population of each district created in the plan and the relative
deviation of each district population from the ideal district population.
3. The commission must conduct at least three public hearings on a
redistricting bill delivered by the LRB to the legislature, as provided under this bill,
unless the redistricting bill represents a plan drawn in response to a redistricting bill
that was previously delivered to the legislature and rejected by at least one house.
The commission must submit a report to the legislature summarizing information
and testimony received by the commission at the hearings. The report may also
include any comments and conclusions which the commission's members deem
appropriate concerning the information and testimony received at the hearings or
otherwise presented to the commission.
The bill also permits the commission to establish policies limiting the
information that the LRB may provide to persons outside of LRB staff concerning any
redistricting plan drawn by the LRB, except that any such policy does not apply to
population data furnished to the LRB by the U.S. Bureau of the Census or to a
redistricting plan after a bill embodying that plan is delivered by the LRB to the
legislature as required under this bill.
Under the bill, the Redistricting Advisory Commission must be created not
later than February 15 of the first year following the decennial federal census and
terminates upon satisfying its duties, until a new Redistricting Advisory
Commission is created for the next round of legislative and congressional
redistricting. The commission consists of five members. The speaker and minority
leader of the assembly and the majority and minority leaders of the senate must each
appoint one person to serve on the commission. Within 30 days after the fourth
commission member is appointed, but not later than February 15 of the first year
following the decennial federal census, the four commission members so appointed
must select the fifth commission member, who serves as chairperson. The bill
prohibits all of the following individuals from being a commission member:
individuals who are not eligible electors of this state at the time of the appointment,
individuals who hold partisan public office or political party office, and individuals
who are a relative of or are employed by a member of the legislature or of Congress,
or are employed directly by the legislature or Congress.
Redistricting process
The bill requires the LRB to perform certain tasks in preparation for drawing
congressional and legislative redistricting plans on the basis of each federal

decennial census. For example, as soon as possible after receiving from the U.S.
Bureau of the Census the population data needed for legislative redistricting, the
LRB must use that data to assign a population figure to geographic or political units
to facilitate the drawing of redistricting plans. Typically, this data is available on or
about April 1 of the first year following the decennial federal census. The LRB must
also prepare and publish an analysis describing the population of current legislative
and congressional districts and the extent to which the districts may violate the
redistricting standards described above. In addition, as municipalities complete
their ward plans (typically, by October of the first year following the decennial
federal census), the LRB must assign a population figure based upon certified federal
census data to each municipal ward, for use in drawing redistricting plans.
Not later than January 1 of the second year following the decennial federal
census, the LRB must deliver to the majority leader of the senate and speaker of the
assembly identical bills embodying a plan of legislative and congressional
districting, drawn in accordance with the standards described above. The bill
further specifies a procedure that the legislature must follow in considering the bills,
although that procedure is not enforceable by the courts. The bill requires either the
assembly or the senate to bring the bill to a vote expeditiously, but not less than seven
days after the report of the Redistricting Advisory Commission is received and made
available to the members of the legislature. The vote must be under a procedure or
rule permitting no amendments except those of a purely corrective nature. If the bill
is approved by the first house in which it is considered, the bill must expeditiously
be brought to a vote in the second house under a similar procedure or rule.
If neither of the bills delivered by the LRB is approved by both the assembly and
the senate, the chief clerk of the house that failed to approve the bill must transmit
to the LRB information which that house may direct regarding reasons why the plan
was not approved. The LRB must then prepare identical bills embodying a second
plan of legislative and congressional redistricting, taking into account the reasons
transmitted to the LRB, insofar as it is possible to do so while complying with the
standards described above. The LRB must deliver the bill to the majority leader of
the senate and the speaker of the assembly no later than 21 days after the date of
the vote by which the senate or the assembly failed to approve the bill initially
submitted. This second bill must be expeditiously introduced and brought to a vote
not less than seven days after the date of introduction, in the same manner as
prescribed for the initial bill.
If the second bill is similarly rejected by at least one house, the same procedure
applies, except that the third bill is subject to amendment in the same manner as
other bills.
The bill also provides exceptions to this process to account for variations in the
timing of the release of federal census data.
Required contents of redistricting bills
The LRB must ensure that each bill embodying a redistricting plan it draws
contains specified conventions to apply wherever territory in a plan is described by
geographic boundaries. Also, each such bill must provide that the bill first applies,
with respect to regular elections, to offices filled at the next occurring general

election and, with respect to special or recall elections, to offices filled or contested
on or after the date of the next occurring general election.
Challenge based on population inequality
If an action is brought challenging a legislative redistricting plan adopted
under the procedure established in the bill on the basis of an excessive population
variance among senate or assembly districts, the legislature has the burden of
justifying any variance in excess of ten percent between the population of a senate
or assembly district and the applicable ideal district population. If an action is
brought challenging a congressional redistricting plan adopted under the procedure
established in the bill on the basis of an excessive population variance among
congressional districts, the legislature has the burden of justifying any variance in
excess of one percent between the population of a congressional district and the
applicable ideal district population.
For further information see the state fiscal estimate, which will be printed as
an appendix to this bill.
The people of the state of Wisconsin, represented in senate and assembly, do
enact as follows:
AB185,1 1Section 1. 3.002 (intro.) and (1m) of the statutes are consolidated, renumbered
23.002 and amended to read:
AB185,5,6 33.002 Description of territory. (intro.) In this chapter: (1m) Reference ,
4reference
to any county or municipality means that county or municipality as its
5boundaries exist on April 1 of the year of the federal decennial census on which the
6districting plan described under subch. II is based
.
AB185,2 7Section 2. 3.002 (2) of the statutes is repealed.
AB185,3 8Section 3. 3.004 (2) of the statutes is amended to read:
AB185,5,139 3.004 (2) "Ward" means a ward prescribed by a municipality based upon
10municipal boundaries in effect on April 1 of the year of the federal decennial census
11in accordance with the most recent revision of municipal wards under s. 5.15 upon
12which the districting plan described under subch. II is based
and used in preparing
13congressional and legislative redistricting plans as required under s. 4.005
.
AB185,4
1Section 4. Subchapter I of chapter 4 [precedes 4.001] of the statutes is repealed
2and recreated to read:
AB185,6,33 CHAPTER 4
AB185,6,44 subchapter i
AB185,6,65 general provisions
6and redistricting
AB185,6,7 74.001 Definitions. In this chapter, unless the context requires otherwise:
AB185,6,8 8(1) "Block" has the meaning given in s. 5.02 (1q).
AB185,6,10 9(2) "Commission" means the redistricting advisory commission established
10under s. 13.49.
AB185,6,12 11(3) "Plan" means a plan for legislative and congressional reapportionment
12prepared under this subchapter.
AB185,6,14 13(4) "Political subdivision" means a city, town, village, or county within this
14state.
AB185,6,15 15(5) "Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act" means 42 USC 1973.
AB185,6,18 16(6) "Ward" means a municipal ward in effect on April 1 of the year of the federal
17decennial census and and used in preparing congressional and legislative
18redistricting plans as required under s. 4.005.
AB185,6,21 194.002 Political subdivision boundaries. In this chapter, reference to any
20political subdivision means that political subdivision as its boundaries exist on April
211 of the year of the federal decennial census.
AB185,6,25 224.003 Legislative districts established. This state is divided into 33 senate
23districts, each composed of 3 assembly districts. Each senate district may elect one
24member of the senate. Each assembly district may elect one representative to the
25assembly.
AB185,7,4
14.004 Preparations for redistricting. (1) The legislative reference bureau
2shall acquire appropriate information, review and evaluate available facilities, and
3develop programs and procedures in preparation for drawing congressional and
4legislative redistricting plans on the basis of each federal decennial census.
AB185,7,9 5(2) By December 1 of the year of the decennial federal census, the legislative
6reference bureau shall obtain from the U.S. bureau of the census information
7regarding geographic and political units in this state for which federal census
8population data has been gathered and will be tabulated. The legislative reference
9bureau shall use the information to do all of the following:
AB185,7,1210 (a) Prepare necessary descriptions of geographic and political units for which
11census data will be reported and which are suitable for use as components of
12legislative districts.
AB185,7,1513 (b) Prepare maps of geographic and political units within the state which may
14be used to illustrate the locations of district boundaries proposed in plans prepared
15in accordance with s. 4.007.
AB185,7,25 16(3) As soon as possible after receiving from the U.S. bureau of the census the
17population data needed for legislative redistricting which the U.S. bureau of the
18census is required to provide this state under P.L. 94-171, the legislative reference
19bureau shall use that data to assign a population figure based upon certified federal
20census data to each geographic or political unit described under sub. (2) (b). The
21legislative reference bureau shall prepare and publish an analysis describing the
22population of current legislative and congressional districts and the extent to which
23the districts may violate the standards under s. 4.007. Upon satisfying these
24requirements, the legislative reference bureau shall begin the preparation of
25congressional and legislative redistricting plans as required under s. 4.006.
AB185,8,7
14.005 Use of municipal ward plans. After receipt of a division ordinance or
2resolution under s. 5.15 (4) (b), the legislative reference bureau shall use the data
3obtained from the U.S. bureau of the census under s. 4.004 (3) to assign a population
4figure based upon certified federal census data to each ward established in the
5division ordinance or resolution. The legislative reference bureau shall use each
6ward to which a population figure is assigned in preparing congressional and
7legislative redistricting plans as required under s. 4.006.
AB185,8,18 84.006 Preparation of redistricting plans. (1) Not later than January 1 of
9the 2nd year following the decennial federal census, the legislative reference bureau
10shall deliver to the majority leader of the senate and speaker of the assembly
11identical bills creating plans of legislative and congressional redistricting, prepared
12in accordance with s. 4.007. Either the assembly or the senate shall bring the bill to
13a vote expeditiously, but not less than 7 days after the commission report under s.
1413.49 (3) (c) 2. is received and made available to the members of the legislature. The
15vote shall be under a procedure or rule permitting no amendments except those of
16a purely corrective nature. If the bill is approved by the first house in which it is
17considered, the bill shall expeditiously be brought to a vote in the 2nd house under
18a similar procedure or rule.
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