NR 102.04(4)(a)1.1. For streams, rivers, and impounded flowing waters, dissolved oxygen criteria apply to samples taken from the main channel near the area with greatest flow. For lakes or reservoirs, the dissolved oxygen criteria in this paragraph apply to the epilimnion of stratified lakes and to all but the deepest one meter of the water column of unstratified lakes.
NR 102.04(4)(a)2.
2. Except as provided in subds.
3. to
7. and par.
(am), surface waters shall attain a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/L at all times.
NR 102.04(4)(a)3.
3. A waterbody classified by the department as a trout class I or II water under s.
NR 1.02 (7), a cold water community that is not a two-story fishery lake covered under par.
(am), or a great lakes tributary used by salmonids for spawning during the period of habitation, shall attain all of the following:
NR 102.04(4)(a)3.b.
b. A minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7.0 mg/L when cold water fish are spawning through fry emergence from their redds, or gravel nests.
NR 102.04 Note
Note: The period from spawning through fry emergence from their gravel nests is approximately mid-October through April, but varies depending on water temperature and location in the state.
NR 102.04(4)(a)3.c.
c. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and diurnal patterns may not be altered from natural background levels to such an extent that cold water populations are adversely affected.
NR 102.04(4)(a)4.
4. A waterbody classified by the department as trout class III under s.
NR 1.02 (7) shall attain a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 6.0 mg/L at all times.
NR 102.04(4)(a)5.
5. A waterbody for which a use attainability analysis under
40 CFR 131.10 (g) (1) to (6) demonstrates that its otherwise applicable designated use category is unattainable shall attain the following:
NR 102.04(4)(a)5.a.
a. For a coldwater community with an approved use attainability analysis that redesignates it as warmwater, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/L at all times.
NR 102.04(4)(a)5.b.
b. For any other community except those under subd.
7., a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 3 mg/L at all times to protect aquatic life.
NR 102.04 Note
Note: Waterbodies described in subd. 5. are also known as altered waters.
NR 102.04(4)(a)6.
6. A waterbody designated by the department as limited forage fish shall attain a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 3 mg/L at all times.
NR 102.04(4)(a)7.
7. A waterbody designated by the department as limited aquatic life or wetlands, or classified as diffuse surface waters or wastewater effluent channels shall attain a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 1 mg/L at all times when water is present.
NR 102.04(4)(am)1.1. `Criteria.' A two-story fishery lake shall maintain, during its period of summer stratification, an oxythermal layer of at least 1 meter in thickness that maintains both a dissolved oxygen concentration of at least 6 mg/L and a maximum temperature of the following:
NR 102.04(4)(am)1.b.
b. For a two-story fishery lake with whitefish but not lake trout, 66
°F or less.
NR 102.04(4)(am)1.c.
c. For a two-story fishery lake with cisco but not whitefish or lake trout, or that the department manages for brook, brown, or rainbow trout, 73
°F or less.
NR 102.04(4)(am)1.d.
d. For a two-story fishery lake with multiple coldwater fish species, the applicable criterion under subd.
1. a. to
c. is that for the lake's species requiring the lowest temperature.
NR 102.04(4)(am)2.a.a. The monitoring period for the criteria under subd.
1. is June 1 to September 15. When monitoring for assessment purposes, depth profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen shall, whenever possible, be taken in increments of 1 meter or less near the deepest part of the lake, at least monthly July to September. Samples taken outside this time frame but during summer stratification may also be used to determine assessment.
NR 102.04 Note
Note: Reservoirs, multi-lobed lakes, or very large lakes may need more than one sampling station to assess the lake.
NR 102.04(4)(am)2.b.
b. If at any time during a lake's summer stratification the applicable criterion in subd.
1. is not met, that year is an exceedance year. At least 2 years of data are needed to make an attainment determination. If any 2 or more years within the most recent 5-year period are exceedance years, the lake is not attaining the water quality criterion. If insufficient data are available from the most recent 5-year period, data from up to 10 years may be used if representative of current conditions.
NR 102.04(4)(c)
(c) pH. The pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0, with no change greater than 0.5 units outside the estimated natural seasonal maximum and minimum.
NR 102.04(4)(d)
(d)
Toxic substances. Unauthorized concentrations of substances are not permitted that alone or in combination with other materials present are toxic to fish or other aquatic life. Surface waters shall meet the acute and chronic criteria as set forth in or developed pursuant to ss.
NR 105.05 and
105.06.
NR 102.04(4)(e)
(e) Temperature. Water quality criteria for temperature shall be determined and applied pursuant to subch.
II. Heated effluent shall not cause lethality, inside or outside of the mixing zone, to animal, plant or other aquatic life.
NR 102.04(4)(f)
(f)
Other criteria. Surface waters shall meet all other criteria that correspond to the appropriate aquatic life subcategory for the surface water, including narrative criteria specified in sub.
(1).
NR 102.04(5)(a)(a)
General. All surface waters shall be suitable for supporting recreational use and shall meet the criteria specified in sub.
(6).
NR 102.04(5)(b)
(b)
Exceptions. Whenever the department determines, in accordance with the procedures specified in s.
NR 210.06 (3), that wastewater disinfection is not required to protect recreational uses, the criteria specified in sub.
(6) (a) and in chs.
NR 103 and
104 do not apply.
NR 102.04(6)
(6)
Criteria for recreational use. Bacteria criteria are established as follows to protect humans from illness caused by fecal contamination due to recreational contact with surface water:
NR 102.04(6)(a)1.1. `Criteria.'
All of the
Escherichia coli (
E. coli) criteria in Table A apply unless bacteria site-specific criteria have been adopted pursuant to subd.
2. -
See PDF for table 
NR 102.04 Note
Note: The department developed the E. coli criteria in this section based on criteria developed by U.S. EPA. U.S. EPA developed the E. coli criteria using membrane filtration methods to count E. coli colony forming units. Entities wishing to use quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and a conversion factor to compare resulting E. coli counts to the criteria in Table A may seek U.S. EPA and department approval for using alternative indicators and methods as outlined in U.S. EPA technical support document EPA-820-R-14-011.
NR 102.04 Note
Note: Under the department's beach advisory program, a beach advisory is issued when a beach reaches the “Beach Action Value” of 235 counts per 100 mL and a beach closure is issued at 1000 counts per 100 mL, unless site-specific conditions indicate use of an alternate metric. More information on the beach advisory program is available at
http://wibeaches.us.
NR 102.04(6)(a)2.a.a. The department may establish bacteria site-specific criteria by rule to protect a waterbody's recreational use when it is determined that the statewide
E. coli criteria under subd.
1. are inappropriate due to site-specific conditions. Once bacteria site-specific criteria are adopted in a rule and approved by U.S. EPA, those criteria supersede the statewide
E. coli criteria under subd.
1. for that waterbody.
NR 102.04(6)(a)2.b.
b. Any interested party may submit proposed bacteria site-specific criteria for a waterbody to the department for review and consideration. Any request for bacteria site-specific criteria must include a demonstration that the proposed site-specific criteria were developed using a U.S. EPA approved method, procedure, or test, are based on sound scientific rationale, and are as protective of the recreational use as the statewide
E. coli criteria in subd.
1. A request for a less-stringent site-specific criteria must also demonstrate that the predominant source of the bacteria is non-human or non-fecal.
NR 102.04(7)(a)
(a)
General. All surface waters shall be suitable for supporting public health and welfare.
NR 102.04(7)(b)
(b) Exceptions. Whenever the department determines a discharge of heated effluent is not exposed or situated in a manner that may pose a realistic potential for scalding of humans, the criterion specified in sub.
(8) (c) does not apply.
NR 102.04(8)
(8)
Criteria for public health and welfare use. NR 102.04(8)(a)
(a)
General. The criteria developed pursuant to ss.
NR 105.08 and
105.09 shall be met regardless of whether the surface water is used for public drinking water supply or the applicable fish and aquatic life subcategory.
NR 102.04(8)(b)
(b) Taste and odor criteria. All surface waters providing public drinking water supplies or classified as cold water or warm water sport fish communities as described in sub.
(3) shall meet the taste and odor criteria specified or developed pursuant to s.
NR 102.14.
NR 102.04(8)(c)
(c) Temperature criteria. To protect humans from being scalded, the water temperature of a discharge may not exceed 120
oF unless specifically authorized under provisions in subchs.
V or
VI of ch. NR 106.
NR 102.04(8)(d)1.1. Surface waters shall meet all of the following criteria for PFOS and PFOA at all times and under all flow and water level conditions:
NR 102.04(8)(d)1.a.
a. In order to protect against adverse public health impacts from consumption of fish taken from surface waters, concentrations of PFOS shall not be present in amounts found to be of public health significance, which is 8 parts per trillion, except in waters that cannot naturally support fish and do not have downstream waters that support fish.
NR 102.04(8)(d)1.b.
b. In order to protect against adverse public health impacts from the incidental consumption of surface waters associated with recreational activities in the water, concentrations of PFOA shall not be present in amounts found to be of public health significance, which is 95 parts per trillion for surface waters not classified as public water supplies under ch.
NR 104.
NR 102.04(8)(d)1.c.
c. In order to protect against adverse public health impacts from consumption of drinking water supplied by surface waters, concentrations of PFOA shall not be present in amounts found to be of public health significance, which is 20 parts per trillion for surface waters classified as public water supplies under ch.
NR 104.
NR 102.04(8)(d)2.
2. The PFOS and PFOA criteria in subd.
1. shall be met in surface waters, and a surface water shall be considered an impaired water as defined in s.
NR 151.002 (16m) if any of the criteria are exceeded more than once every 3 years. Permit requirements shall be implemented following the procedures under subch.
VIII of ch. NR 106.
NR 102.04(9)(a)
(a)
Use. All surface waters shall be suitable for supporting wildlife.
NR 102.04 History
History: Cr.
Register, September, 1973, No. 213, eff. 10-1-73; am. (3),
Register, December, 1977, No. 264, eff. 1-1-78; renum. from NR 102.02, r. (3) (d) 1. to 3., and (5), renum. (3) (intro.) to (d) (intro.) and (e) and (4) to be (4) (intro.) to (e) and (5) and am. (4) (a), (d), (e) (intro.) and (5), cr. (6) and (7),
Register, February, 1989, No. 398, eff. 3-1-89; am. (3) (intro.), (6), (7), r. (3) (a), renum. (3) (b) to (f) to be (3) (a) to (e) and am. (3) (a),
Register, August, 1997, No. 500, eff. 9-1-97;
CR 07-111: am. (title), (1) (intro.), (2), (3) (intro.), (4) (title) and (a), r. (4) (b), (e) 1. and (5) to (7), renum. (4) (e) (intro.), 2. and 3. to be (4) (b) and am. (4) (b) (intro.), cr. (4) (e) and (5) to (9)
Register September 2010 No. 657, eff. 10-1-10; correction in (8) (c) made under s.
13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats.,
Register September 2010 No. 657;
CR 19-014: am. (5) (a), r. and recr. (6)
Register April 2020 No. 772, eff. 5-1-20;
CR 21-083: cr. (8) (d)
Register July 2022 No. 799, eff. 8-1-22;
CR 19-094: r. and recr. (4) (a), cr. (4) (am), r. (4) (b), am. (4) (d), cr. (4) (f), am. (5) (b)
Register September 2022 No. 801, eff. 10-1-22.
NR 102.05
NR 102.05 Application of standards. NR 102.05(1)(a)(a) No waters of the state shall be lowered in quality unless it has been affirmatively demonstrated to the department that such a change is justified as a result of necessary economic and social development, provided that no new or increased effluent interferes with or becomes injurious to any assigned uses made of or presently possible in such waters.
NR 102.05(1)(b)
(b) Classification system. For the purposes of this subsection, all surface waters of the state, or portions thereof, shall be classified as one of the following:
NR 102.05(2)
(2)
Streamflow. Water quality standards will not be maintained under all natural occurrences of flow, temperature, or other water quality characteristics. The determination of water quality based effluent limitations or other management practices shall be based upon the following conditions except as provided in ch.
NR 106 for toxic and organoleptic substances and whole effluent toxicity:
NR 102.05(2)(a)
(a) The average minimum 7-day low streamflow which occurs once in 10 years (7-day Q
10); or,
NR 102.05(2)(b)
(b) In the case of dissolved oxygen and wherever sufficient data on streamflow and temperature are available, by application of a 0.274% level of nonattainment. This is equivalent to an expected nonattainment of the dissolved oxygen criterion of one day per year.
NR 102.05(3)
(3)
Mixing zones. Water quality standards shall be met at every point outside of a mixing zone. The size of the mixing zone shall be based on such factors as effluent quality and quantity, available dilution, temperature, current, type of outfall, channel configuration and restrictions to fish movement. For toxic and organoleptic substances with water quality criteria or secondary values specified in or developed pursuant to chs.
NR 102 and
105, allowable dilution shall be determined as specified in ch.
NR 106 in addition to the requirements specified in this subsection. As a guide to the delineation of a mixing zone, the following shall be taken into consideration:
NR 102.05(3)(a)
(a) Limiting mixing zones to as small an area as practicable, and conforming to the time exposure responses of aquatic life.
NR 102.05(3)(b)
(b) Providing passageways for fish and other mobile aquatic organisms.
NR 102.05(3)(c)
(c) Where possible, mixing zones being no larger than 25% of the cross–sectional area or volume of flow of a flowing water body and not extending more than 50% of the width.
NR 102.05(3)(d)
(d) Final acute criteria and secondary values specified in or developed pursuant to s.
NR 105.05 for the fish and aquatic life subcategory for which the receiving water is classified not being exceeded at any point in the mixing zone.
NR 102.05(3)(e)
(e) Mixing zones not exceeding 10% of an inland lake's total surface area.
NR 102.05(3)(f)
(f) Mixing zones not adversely impacting spawning or nursery areas, migratory routes, nor mouths of tributary streams.
NR 102.05(3)(g)
(g) Mixing zones not overlapping, but where they do, taking measures to prevent adverse synergistic effects.
NR 102.05(3)(h)
(h) Restricting the pH to values greater than 4.0 s.u. and to values less than 11.0 s.u. at any point in the mixing zone for the protection of indigenous fish and fish food organisms.
NR 102.05(5)
(5)
Resource management exemptions. Application of chemicals for water resource management purposes in accordance with statutory provisions is not subject to the requirements of the standards except in case of water used for public water supply.
NR 102.05(6)(a)(a) The criteria in the Radiation Protection Code, s.
DHS 157.44, shall apply to the disposal and permissible concentrations of radioactive substances.
NR 102.05(6)(b)
(b) Methods used for analysis of samples shall be as set forth in ch.
NR 219 unless alternative methods are specified by the department.
NR 102.05 History
History: Cr.
Register, September, 1973, No. 213, eff. 10-1-73; renum. (5) and (6) to be (6) and (7), cr. (5),
Register, July, 1975, No. 235, eff. 8-1-75; r. and recr. (3),
Register, August, 1981, No. 308, eff. 9-1-81; correction in (7) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., cr. (4) (h),
Register, September, 1984, No. 345, eff. 10-1-84; renum. from NR 102.03, r. (1), cr. (1) (b), renum. (2) to (7) to be (1) (a) to (6) and am. (2), (3) (intro.) and (d) and (6),
Register, February, 1989, No. 398, eff. 3-1-89; am. (1) (b) 3., (3) (intro.) and (d),
Register, August, 1997, No. 500, eff. 9-1-97; correction in (6) (a) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats.
Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; correction in (6) (a) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats.,
Register July 2010 No. 655;
CR 07-111: am. (3) (intro.), (b), (c), (e) and (f), r. (4)
Register September 2010 No. 657, eff. 10-1-10.
NR 102.06(1)(1)
General. This section identifies the water quality criteria for total phosphorus that shall be met in surface waters. Assessment procedures for waterbodies are specified in ss.
NR 102.07 and
102.60.
NR 102.06(2)
(2)
Definitions. In this section, the following definitions apply:
NR 102.06(2)(b)
(b) “Ephemeral stream" means a channel or stream that only carries water for a few days during and after a rainfall or snowmelt event and does not exhibit a flow during other periods, and includes, but is not limited to, grassed waterways, grassed swales, and areas of channelized flow as defined in s.
NR 243.03 (7).
NR 102.06(2)(c)
(c) “Mean water residence time" means the amount of time that a volume of water entering a waterbody will reside in that waterbody.
NR 102.06(2)(d)
(d) “Nearshore waters" means all waters of Lake Michigan or Lake Superior within the jurisdiction of the State of Wisconsin in the zone extending from the shore to a depth of 10 meters, based on the long-term mean elevation for Lake Superior of 183.4 meters (601.7 feet) and for Lake Michigan of 176.5 meters (579.0 feet).
