NR 405.18(6)(f)
(f) The department shall specify a reduced PAL level in the PAL permit to become effective on the future compliance date of any applicable federal or state regulatory requirements that the department is aware of prior to issuance of the PAL permit.
NR 405.18 Note
Note: If the source owner or operator will be required to reduce emissions from industrial boilers in half from baseline emissions of 60 ppm NO
X to a new rule limit of 30 ppm, the permit shall contain a future effective PAL level that is equal to the current PAL level reduced by half of the original baseline emissions of the unit.
NR 405.18(7)
(7) Contents of the PAL permit. The PAL permit shall contain all of the following information:
NR 405.18(7)(a)
(a) The PAL regulated air contaminant and the corresponding plant-wide emission limitation in tons per year.
NR 405.18(7)(b)
(b) The PAL effective date and the expiration date of the PAL.
NR 405.18(7)(c)
(c) A specification that if the owner or operator applies to renew a PAL in accordance with
sub. (10) before the end of the PAL effective period, the PAL does not expire at the end of the PAL effective period, but shall remain in effect until a revised PAL permit is issued by the department.
NR 405.18(7)(d)
(d) A requirement that emission calculations for compliance purposes include emissions from startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.
NR 405.18(7)(e)
(e) A requirement that, once the PAL expires, the major stationary source is subject to the requirements of
sub. (9).
NR 405.18(7)(f)
(f) The calculation procedures that the owner or operator shall use to convert the monitoring system data to monthly emissions and annual emissions based on a 12-month rolling total for each month as required by
sub. (13) (a).
NR 405.18(7)(g)
(g) A requirement that the owner or operator monitor all emissions units in accordance with the provisions under
sub. (12).
NR 405.18(7)(h)
(h) A requirement to retain the records required under
sub. (13) on site. Records may be retained in an electronic format.
NR 405.18(7)(i)
(i) A requirement to submit the reports required under
sub. (14) by the required deadlines.
NR 405.18(7)(j)
(j) Any other requirements that the department deems necessary to implement and enforce the PAL.
NR 405.18(8)
(8) PAL effective period and reopening of the PAL permit. NR 405.18(8)(a)(a)
PAL effective period. The department shall specify a PAL effective period of 10 years.
NR 405.18(8)(b)1.1. During the PAL effective period, the department shall reopen and revise the PAL permit to do any of the following:
NR 405.18(8)(b)1.a.
a. Correct typographical errors in the PAL permit or correct calculation errors made in setting the PAL or reflect a more accurate determination of emissions used to establish the PAL.
NR 405.18(8)(b)1.b.
b. Reduce the PAL if the owner or operator of the major stationary source creates creditable emissions reductions for use as offsets under
ch. NR 408.
NR 405.18(8)(b)2.
2. The department may reopen and revise the PAL permit to do any of the following:
NR 405.18(8)(b)2.a.
a. Reduce the PAL to reflect newly applicable federal requirements with compliance dates after the PAL effective date.
NR 405.18(8)(b)2.b.
b. Reduce the PAL consistent with any other requirement that is enforceable as a practical matter, and that the department may impose on the major stationary source.
NR 405.18(8)(b)2.c.
c. Reduce the PAL if the department determines that a reduction is necessary to avoid causing or contributing to a violation of an NAAQS or a PSD increment violation, or to an adverse impact on an AQRV that has been identified for a federal class I area by a federal land manager and for which information is available to the general public.
NR 405.18(8)(b)3.
3. Except for the permit reopening in
subd. 1. a. for the correction of typographical or calculation errors that do not increase the PAL level, all reopenings shall be carried out in accordance with the public participation requirements of
sub. (5).
NR 405.18(9)
(9) Expiration of a PAL. Any PAL that is not renewed in accordance with the procedures in
sub. (10) shall expire at the end of the PAL effective period, and the following requirements shall apply:
NR 405.18(9)(a)
(a) For each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, that existed under the PAL, the owner or operator shall comply with an allowable emission limitation under a revised permit established according to the following procedures:
NR 405.18(9)(a)1.
1. Within the time frame specified for PAL renewals in
sub. (10) (b), the major stationary source shall submit a proposed allowable emission limitation for each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, if a grouping is more appropriate as determined by the department, by distributing the PAL allowable emissions for the major stationary source among each of the emissions units that existed under the PAL. If the PAL had not yet been adjusted for an applicable requirement that became effective during the PAL effective period, as required under
sub. (10) (e), the distribution shall be made as if the PAL had been adjusted.
NR 405.18(9)(a)2.
2. Based upon the information submitted under
subd. 1., the department shall determine whether and how the PAL allowable emissions will be distributed and issue a revised permit under
s. NR 406.035 incorporating allowable limits for each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, as the department determines is appropriate.
NR 405.18(9)(b)
(b) The owner or operator of each emissions unit or group of emissions units shall comply with the allowable emission limitation on a 12-month rolling basis. The department may approve the use of monitoring systems, such as source testing, or emission factors, other than CEMS, CERMS, PEMS or CPMS, to demonstrate compliance with the allowable emission limitation.
NR 405.18(9)(c)
(c) Until the department issues the revised permit incorporating allowable limits for each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, as required under
par. (a) 2., the owner or operator shall continue to comply with a source-wide, multi-unit emissions cap equivalent to the level of the PAL emission limitation.
NR 405.18(9)(d)
(d) Any physical change or change in the method of operation at the major stationary source shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter if the change constitutes a major modification.
NR 405.18(9)(e)
(e) The owner or operator shall continue to comply with any state or federal applicable requirements, such as BACT, RACT or NSPS, that may have applied either during the PAL effective period or prior to the PAL effective period except for those emission limitations that had been established pursuant to
s. NR 405.16 (2), but were eliminated by the PAL in accordance with the provisions in
sub. (1) (b) 3.
NR 405.18(10)(a)(a) The department shall follow the procedures specified in
sub. (5) in approving any request to renew a PAL and shall provide both the proposed PAL level and a written rationale for the proposed PAL level to the public for review and comment. During the public review, any person may propose a PAL level for the source for consideration by the department.
NR 405.18(10)(b)
(b) The owner or operator shall submit a timely application to the department to request renewal of a PAL. A timely application is one that is submitted at least 6 months prior to, but not earlier than 18 months from, the date of expiration of the PAL. If the owner or operator submits a complete application to renew the PAL within this time period, the PAL shall continue to be effective until the revised permit with the renewed PAL is issued.
NR 405.18(10)(c)
(c) The application to renew a PAL permit shall contain all of the following information:
NR 405.18(10)(c)3.
3. The sum of the potential to emit of all emissions units under the PAL, with supporting documentation.
NR 405.18(10)(c)4.
4. Any other information the owner or operator wishes the department to consider in determining the appropriate level for renewing the PAL.
NR 405.18(10)(d)
(d) In determining whether and how to adjust the PAL, the department shall consider the options outlined in
subds. 1. and
2. However, in no case may any adjustment fail to comply with
subd. 3. The adjustment options, and requirements, are as follows:
NR 405.18(10)(d)1.
1. If the emissions level calculated in accordance with
sub. (6) is equal to or greater than 80% of the existing PAL level, the department may renew the PAL at the same level without considering the factors set forth in
subd. 2.
NR 405.18(10)(d)2.
2. The department may set the PAL at a level that it determines to be more representative of the source's baseline actual emissions, or that it determines to be appropriate considering air quality needs, advances in control technology, anticipated economic growth in the area, desire to reward or encourage the source's voluntary emissions reductions, or other factors as specifically identified by the department in a written rationale.
NR 405.18(10)(d)3.
3. Notwithstanding
subds. 1. and
2., if the potential to emit of the major stationary source is less than the PAL, the department shall adjust the PAL to a level no greater than the potential to emit of the source. The department may not approve a renewed PAL level higher than the current PAL, unless the major stationary source has complied with the provisions of
sub. (11).
NR 405.18(10)(e)
(e) If the compliance date for a state or federal requirement that applies to the PAL source occurs during the PAL effective period, and if the department has not already adjusted for the requirement, the PAL shall be adjusted at the time of PAL renewal or operation permit renewal, whichever occurs first.
NR 405.18(11)
(11) Increasing a PAL during the PAL effective period. NR 405.18(11)(a)(a) The department may increase a PAL level only if the owner or operator complies with all of the following provisions:
NR 405.18(11)(a)1.
1. The owner or operator shall submit a complete application to request an increase in the PAL level for a PAL major modification. The application shall identify the emissions units contributing to the increase in emissions so as to cause the major stationary source's emissions to equal or exceed its PAL.
NR 405.18(11)(a)2.
2. As part of this application, the owner or operator shall demonstrate that the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units, plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the significant and major emissions units under the PAL assuming application of BACT-equivalent controls, plus the sum of the allowable emissions of the new or modified emissions units, exceeds the PAL. The level of control that would result from BACT-equivalent controls on each significant or major emissions unit shall be determined by conducting a new BACT analysis at the time the application is submitted, unless the emissions unit is currently required to comply with a BACT or LAER requirement that was established within the preceding 10 years. The assumed control level for that emissions unit shall be equal to the level of BACT or LAER that currently applies to that emissions unit.
NR 405.18(11)(a)3.
3. The owner or operator obtains a major NSR permit for all emissions units identified in
subd. 1., regardless of the magnitude of the emissions increase from them. These emissions units shall comply with any emissions control requirements resulting from the major NSR process, for example, BACT, even though they have also become subject to the PAL or continue to be subject to the PAL.
NR 405.18(11)(b)
(b) The PAL permit shall require that the increased PAL level shall be effective on the day any emissions unit that is part of the PAL major modification becomes operational and begins to emit the PAL regulated air contaminant.
NR 405.18(11)(c)
(c) The department shall calculate the new PAL as the sum of the allowable emissions for each modified or new emissions unit, plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the significant and major emissions units, assuming application of BACT-equivalent controls as determined in accordance with
par. (a) 2., plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units.
NR 405.18(11)(d)
(d) The PAL permit shall be revised to reflect the increased PAL level pursuant to the public notice requirements of
sub. (5).
NR 405.18(12)(a)1.1. Each PAL permit shall contain enforceable requirements for the monitoring system that accurately determines plantwide emissions of the PAL regulated air contaminant in terms of mass per unit of time. Any monitoring system authorized for use in the PAL permit shall be based on sound science and meet generally acceptable scientific procedures for data quality and manipulation. Additionally, the information generated by any authorized system shall meet minimum legal requirements for admissibility in a judicial proceeding to enforce the PAL permit.
NR 405.18(12)(a)2.
2. Except as provided for in
subd. 3., the PAL monitoring system shall employ one or more of the 4 general monitoring approaches meeting the minimum requirements in
par. (b) and shall be approved by the department.
NR 405.18(12)(a)3.
3. Notwithstanding
subd. 2., the owner or operator may employ an alternative monitoring approach that meets
subd. 1. if approved by the department.
NR 405.18(12)(a)4.
4. Failure to use a monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subsection renders the PAL invalid.
NR 405.18(12)(b)
(b) The following are acceptable general monitoring approaches when conducted in accordance with the minimum requirements in
pars. (c) to
(i):
NR 405.18(12)(b)1.
1. Mass balance calculations for activities using coatings or solvents.
NR 405.18(12)(c)
(c) An owner or operator using mass balance calculations to monitor PAL regulated air contaminant emissions from activities using coating or solvents shall do all of the following:
NR 405.18(12)(c)1.
1. Provide a demonstrated means of validating the published content of the PAL regulated air contaminant that is contained in or created by all materials used in or at the emissions unit.
NR 405.18(12)(c)2.
2. Assume that the emissions unit emits all of the PAL regulated air contaminant that is contained in or created by any raw material or fuel used in or at the emissions unit, if it cannot otherwise be accounted for in the process.
NR 405.18(12)(c)3.
3. Where the vendor of a material or fuel, which is used in or at the emissions unit, publishes a range of pollutant content from the material, use the highest value of the range to calculate the PAL regulated air contaminant emissions unless the department determines there is site-specific data or a site-specific monitoring program to support another content within the range.
NR 405.18(12)(d)
(d) An owner or operator using CEMS to monitor PAL regulated air contaminant emissions shall ensure that the CEMS does both of the following:
NR 405.18(12)(d)2.
2. Samples, analyzes and records data at least every 15 minutes while the emissions unit is operating.
NR 405.18(12)(e)
(e) An owner or operator using CPMS or PEMS to monitor PAL regulated air contaminant emissions shall ensure that the CPMS or PEMS does both of the following:
NR 405.18(12)(e)1.
1. Is based on current site-specific data demonstrating a correlation between the monitored parameters and the PAL regulated air contaminant emissions across the range of operation of the emissions unit.
NR 405.18(12)(e)2.
2. Samples, analyzes and records data at least every 15 minutes, or at another less frequent interval approved by the department, while the emissions unit is operating.
NR 405.18(12)(f)
(f) An owner or operator using emission factors to monitor PAL regulated air contaminant emissions shall do all of the following:
NR 405.18(12)(f)1.
1. Adjust all emission factors, if appropriate, to account for the degree of uncertainty or limitations in the factors' development.
NR 405.18(12)(f)2.
2. Operate the emissions unit within the designated range of use for the emission factor, if applicable.
NR 405.18(12)(f)3.
3. If technically practicable, for a significant emissions unit that relies on an emission factor to calculate PAL regulated air contaminant emissions, conduct validation testing to determine a site-specific emission factor within 6 months of PAL permit issuance, unless the department determines that testing is not required.
NR 405.18(12)(g)
(g) A source owner or operator shall record and report maximum potential emissions without considering enforceable emission limitations or operational restrictions for an emissions unit during any period of time that there is no monitoring data, unless another method for determining emissions during the periods is specified in the PAL permit.
NR 405.18(12)(h)
(h) Notwithstanding the requirements in
pars. (c) to
(g), where an owner or operator of an emissions unit cannot demonstrate a correlation between the monitored parameters and the PAL regulated air contaminant emissions rate at all operating points of the emissions unit, the department shall, at the time of permit issuance do one of the following:
NR 405.18(12)(h)1.
1. Establish default values for determining compliance with the PAL based on the highest potential emissions reasonably estimated at the operating points.
NR 405.18(12)(h)2.
2. Determine that operation of the emissions unit during operating conditions when there is no correlation between monitored parameters and the PAL regulated air contaminant emissions is a violation of the PAL.
NR 405.18(12)(i)
(i) All data used to establish the PAL regulated air contaminant shall be re-validated through performance testing or other scientifically valid means approved by the department. The testing shall occur at least once every 5 years after the issuance of the PAL.
NR 405.18(13)(a)(a) The PAL permit shall require an owner or operator to retain a copy of all records necessary to determine compliance with any requirement of the PAL permit, including a determination of each emissions unit's 12-month rolling total emissions, for 5 years from the date of the record.
NR 405.18(13)(b)
(b) The PAL permit shall require an owner or operator to retain a copy of the following records, for the duration of the PAL effective period plus 5 years:
NR 405.18(13)(b)1.
1. A copy of the PAL permit application and any applications for revisions to the PAL.
