NR 440.74(2)
(2) Definitions, symbols and cross-reference tables. NR 440.74(2)(a)(a) All terms used in this section not defined as follows have the meaning given to them in
s. NR 440.02.
NR 440.74(2)(a)1.
1. “Coating applicator" means any apparatus used to apply a coating to a continuous substrate.
NR 440.74(2)(a)2.
2. “Coating mix preparation equipment" means all mixing vessels in which solvent and mixing vessels in which solvent and other materials are blended to prepare polymeric coatings.
NR 440.74(2)(a)3.
3. “Coating operation" means any coating applicators, flashoff areas and drying ovens located between a substrate unwind station and a rewind station that coats a continuous web to produce a substrate with a polymeric coating. If the coating process does not employ a rewind station, the end of the coating operation is after the last drying oven in the process.
NR 440.74(2)(a)4.
4. “Common emission control device" means a device controlling emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from any other emission source.
NR 440.74(2)(a)5.
5. “Concurrent" means the period of time in which construction of an emission control device serving an affected facility is commenced or completed, beginning 6 months prior to the date that construction of the affected facility commences and ending 2 years after the date that construction of the affected facility is completed.
NR 440.74(2)(a)6.
6. “Control device" means any apparatus that reduces the quantity of a pollutant emitted to the air.
NR 440.74(2)(a)7.
7. “Cover" means, with respect to coating mix preparation equipment, a device that fits over the equipment opening to prevent emission of volatile organic compounds from escaping.
NR 440.74(2)(a)8.
8. “Drying oven" means a chamber within which heat is used to dry a surface coating; drying may be the only process or one of multiple processes performed in the chamber.
NR 440.74(2)(a)9.
9. “Equivalent diameter" means 4 times the area of an opening divided by its perimeter.
NR 440.74(2)(a)10.
10. “Flashoff area" means the portion of a coating operation between the coating applicator and the drying oven where VOC begins to evaporate from the coated substrate.
NR 440.74(2)(a)11.
11. “Natural draft opening" means any opening in a room, building or total enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and that is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate and direction of the natural draft across such an opening is a consequence of the difference in pressure on either side of the wall or barrier containing the opening.
NR 440.74(2)(a)12.
12. “Nominal 1-month period" means a calendar month or, if established prior to the performance test, a similar monthly time period, for example, 30-day month or accounting month.
NR 440.74(2)(a)13.
13. “Onsite coating mix preparation equipment" means those pieces of coating mix preparation equipment located at the same plant as the coating operation they serve.
NR 440.74(2)(a)14.
14. “Polymeric coating of supporting substrates" means a web coating process that applies elastomers, polymers or prepolymers to a supporting web other than paper, plastic film, metallic foil or metal coil.
NR 440.74(2)(a)16.
16. `Temporary enclosure` means a total enclosure that is constructed for the sole purpose of measuring the fugitive VOC emissions from an affected facility.
NR 440.74(2)(a)17.
17. “Total enclosure" means a structure that is constructed around a source of emissions and operated so that all VOC emissions are collected and exhausted through a stack or duct. With a total enclosure, there will be no fugitive emission, only stack emissions. The drying oven itself may be part of the total enclosure.
NR 440.74(2)(a)18.
18. “Vapor capture system" means any device or combination of devices designed to contain, collect and route solvent vapors released from the coating mix preparation equipment or coating operation.
NR 440.74(2)(a)19.
19. “VOC in the applied coating" means the product of Method 24 VOC analyses or formulation data, if those data are demonstrated to be equivalent to Method 24 results, and the total volume of coating fed to the coating applicator.
NR 440.74(2)(a)20.
20. “VOC used" means the amount of VOC delivered to the coating mix preparation equipment of the affected facility, including any contained in premixed coatings or other coating ingredients prepared off the plant site, for the formulation of polymeric coatings to be applied to supporting substrates at the coating operation, plus any solvent added after initial formulation is complete, for example, dilution solvents added at the coating operation. If premixed coatings that require no mixing at the plant site are used, “VOC used" means the amount of VOC delivered to the coating applicators of the affected facility.
NR 440.74(2)(a)21.
21. “Volatile organic compounds" or “VOC" means any organic compounds that participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions; or that are measured by a reference method, an equivalent method, an alternative method or that are determined by procedures specified under any section.
NR 440.74(2)(a)22.
22. “Waterborne coating" means a coating which contains more than 5 weight percent water in its volatile fraction.
NR 440.74(2)(a)23.
23. “Web coating" means the coating of products, such as fabric, paper, plastic film, metallic foil, metal coil, cord and yarn, that are flexible enough to be unrolled from a large roll; and coated as a continuous substrate by methods including, but not limited to, knife coating, roll coating, dip coating, impregnation, rotogravure and extrusion.
NR 440.74(2)(b)
(b) The nomenclature used in this section has the following meanings:
NR 440.74(2)(b)1.
1. “A
k" means the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a total enclosure, in square meters.
NR 440.74(2)(b)2.
2. “C
aj" means the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j) exiting the emission control device, in parts per million by volume.
NR 440.74(2)(b)3.
3. “C
bi" means the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in parts per million by volume.
NR 440.74(2)(b)4.
4. “C
di" means the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
NR 440.74(2)(b)5.
5. “C
fk" means the concentration of VOC in each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
NR 440.74(2)(b)6.
6. “C
gv" means the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon absorber vessel (v), in parts per million by volume. For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual absorber vessel, C
gv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts.
NR 440.74(2)(b)7.
7. “C
hv" means the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon absorber vessel (v), in parts per million by volume.
NR 440.74(2)(b)8.
8. “E" means the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test, expressed as a fraction.
NR 440.74(2)(b)9.
9. “F" means the VOC emission capture efficiency of the vapor capture system achieved for the duration of the emission test, expressed as a fraction.
NR 440.74(2)(b)10.
10. “FV" means the average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings in a total enclosure, in meters per hour.
NR 440.74(2)(b)11.
11. “H
v" means the individual carbon absorber vessel (v) efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test, expressed as a fraction.
NR 440.74(2)(b)12.
12. “H
sys" means the carbon adsorption system efficiency calculated when each absorber vessel has an individual exhaust stack.
NR 440.74(2)(b)13.
13. “M
ci" means the total mass (kg) of each coating (i) applied to the substrate at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month period as determined from facility records.
NR 440.74(2)(b)14.
14. “M
r" means the total mass (kg) of VOC recovered for a nominal 1-month period.
NR 440.74(2)(b)15.
15. “Q
aj" means the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) exiting the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
NR 440.74(2)(b)16.
16. “Q
bi" means the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
NR 440.74(2)(b)17.
17. “Q
di" means the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
NR 440.74(2)(b)18.
18. “Q
fk" means the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
NR 440.74(2)(b)19.
19. “Q
gv" means the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, the value of Q
gv can be assumed to equal the value of Q
gv measured for that adsorber vessel.
NR 440.74(2)(b)20.
20. “Q
hv" means the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
NR 440.74(2)(b)21.
21. “Q
in i" means the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the total enclosure through a forced makeup air duct, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
NR 440.74(2)(b)22.
22. “Q
out j" means the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct or hood, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
NR 440.74(2)(b)23.
23. “R" means the overall VOC emission reduction achieved for the duration of the emission test, expressed as a fraction.
NR 440.74(2)(b)24.
24. “RS
i" means the total mass (kg) of VOC retained on the coated substrate after oven drying or contained in waste coating for a given combination of coating and substrate.
NR 440.74(2)(b)25.
25. “W
oi" means the weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i) applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal 1-month period as determined by Method 24.
NR 440.74(2)(c)
(c) Tables 1A and 1B present a cross reference of the affected facility status and the relevant subsections of the regulation.
aThis table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not intended to supersede the language of the regulation. For the details of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
bRefer to Table 1B to determine which paragraphs of
subs. (5),
(6) and
(8) correspond to each compliance provision (
sub. (4)).
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See PDF for table 
aCA denotes carbon adsorber; CO denotes condenser; TI denotes thermal incinerator; CI denotes catalytic incinerator; PE denotes partial enclosure; TE denotes total enclosure
NR 440.74(3)(a)(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that is subject to the requirements of this section shall comply with the emissions limitations in this subsection on and after the date on which the initial performance test required by
s. NR 440.08 is completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial startup, whichever dates comes first.
NR 440.74(3)(b)
(b) For the coating operation, each owner or operator of an affected facility shall either:
NR 440.74(3)(b)1.
1. Reduce VOC emissions to the atmosphere from the coating operation by at least 90% (“emission reduction" standard); or
NR 440.74(3)(b)2.
2. Install, operate and maintain a total enclosure around the coating operation and vent the captured VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control device that is at least 95% efficient (alternative standard).
NR 440.74(3)(c)
(c) For the onsite coating mix preparation equipment of an affected facility, the owner or operator shall comply with the following requirements, as applicable:
NR 440.74(3)(c)1.
1. For an affected facility that has concurrent construction of a control device and uses at least 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall install, operate and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions from the covered mix equipment to a 95% efficient control device while preparation of the coating is taking place within the vessel.
NR 440.74(3)(c)2.
2. For an affected facility that does not have concurrent construction of a control device but uses at least 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall either:
NR 440.74(3)(c)2.a.
a. Install, operate and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment; or
NR 440.74(3)(c)2.b.
b. Install, operate and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device.
NR 440.74(3)(c)3.
3. For an affected facility that uses at least 95 Mg but less than 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall either:
NR 440.74(3)(c)3.a.
a. Install, operate and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment; or
NR 440.74(3)(c)3.b.
b. Install, operate and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device.
NR 440.74(4)(a)(a) To demonstrate compliance with the emission reduction standard for coating operations specified in
sub. (3) (b) 1., the owner or operator of the affected facility shall use one of the following methods.
NR 440.74(4)(a)1.
1. For coating operations not using carbon adsorption beds with individual exhausts the following gaseous emission test method is applicable when the emissions from any affected coating operation are controlled by a control device other than a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator using this method shall comply with the following procedures:
NR 440.74(4)(a)1.a.
a. Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that all gaseous volumetric flow rates and total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in
sub. (6) (b) to
(g);
NR 440.74(4)(a)1.b.
b. Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by capturing, venting and measuring all VOC emissions from the coating operation. During a performance test, the owner or operator of an affected coating operation located in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the coating operation emissions from all other sources of VOC by one of the following methods:
1) Build a temporary enclosure, as defined in sub. (2) (a) and conforming to the requirements of par. (b) 1., around the affected coating operation. The temporary enclosure shall be constructed and ventilated, through stacks suitable for testing, so that it has minimal impact on performance of the capture system; or
2) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust fugitive emissions from the affected coating operation through any building ventilation system and other room exhausts such as those on drying ovens. All such ventilation air shall be vented through stacks suitable for testing because the VOC content in each shall be determined.
NR 440.74(4)(a)1.c.
c. Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating.
NR 440.74(4)(a)1.f.
f. For each affected coating operation subject to
sub. (3) (b) 1. (emission reduction standard for coating operations), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E)
(F) is equal to or greater than 0.90.
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.
2. For coating operations using carbon adsorption beds with individual exhausts the following gaseous emission test method is applicable when emissions from any affected coating operation are controlled by a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator using this method shall comply with the following procedures:
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.a.
a. Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that each volumetric flow rate and the total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in
sub. (6) (b) to
(g);
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.b.
b. Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are segregated from other VOC sources and that the emissions can be captured for measurement, as described in
sub. (4) (a) 1. b. 1) and 2);
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.c.
c. Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating;
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.d.
d. Determine the efficiency (H
v) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 3:
NR 440.74(4)(a)2.e.
e. Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system (H
sys) by computing the average efficiency of the adsorber vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Q
hv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 4:
