Table 1
Alternative Treatment Standards For Hazardous Debris 1
1 Hazardous debris shall be treated by either these standards or the waste-specific treatment standards for the waste contaminating the debris. The treatment standards shall be met for each type of debris contained in a mixture of debris types, unless the debris is converted into treatment residue as a result of the treatment process. Debris treatment residuals are subject to the waste-specific treatment standards for the waste contaminating the debris.
2 Contaminant restriction means that the technology is not BDAT for that contaminant. If debris containing a restricted contaminant is treated by the technology, the contaminant shall be subsequently treated by a technology for which it is not restricted in order to be land disposed (and excluded from regulation as hazardous waste).
3 “Clean debris surface” means the surface, when viewed without magnification, shall be free of all visible contaminated soil and hazardous waste except that residual staining from soil and waste consisting of light shadows, slight streaks or minor discolorations, and soil and waste in cracks, crevices and pits may be present if the staining and waste and soil in cracks, crevices and pits shall be limited to no more than 5% of each square inch of surface area.
4 Acids, solvents and chemical reagents may react with some debris and contaminants to form hazardous compounds. For example, acid washing of cyanide-contaminated debris could result in the formation of hydrogen cyanide. Some acids may also react violently with some debris and contaminants, depending on the concentration of the acid and the type of debris and contaminants. Debris treaters should refer to the safety precautions specified in material safety data sheets for various acids to avoid applying an incompatible acid to a particular debris and contamination combination. For example, concentrated sulfuric acid may react violently with certain organic compounds, such as acrylonitrile.
5 If reducing the particle size of debris to meet the treatment standards results in material that no longer meets the 60 mm minimum particle size limit for debris, the material is subject to the waste-specific treatment standards for the waste contaminating the material, unless the debris has been cleaned and separated from contaminated soil and waste prior to size reduction. At a minimum, simple physical or mechanical means shall be used to provide the cleaning and separation of nondebris materials to ensure that the debris surface is free of caked soil, waste or other nondebris material.
6 Dioxin-listed wastes are EPA hazardous waste numbers F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027.
7 Thermal desorption is distinguished from thermal destruction in that the primary purpose of thermal desorption is to volatilize contaminants and to remove them from the treatment chamber for subsequent destruction or other treatment.
8 The demonstration “Equivalent Technology” under s. NR 668.42 (2) shall document that the technology treats contaminants subject to treatment to a level equivalent to that required by the performance and design and operating standards for other technologies in this table such that residual levels of hazardous contaminants will not pose a hazard to human health and the environment absent management controls. 9 Any soil, waste and other nondebris material that remains on the debris surface (or remains mixed with the debris) after treatment is considered a treatment residual that shall be separated from the debris using, at a minimum, simple physical or mechanical means. Examples of simple physical or mechanical means are vibratory or trommel screening or water washing. The debris surface need not be cleaned to a “clean debris surface” as defined in note 3 when separating treated debris from residue; rather, the surface shall be free of caked soil, waste or other nondebris material. Treatment residuals are subject to the waste-specific treatment standards for the waste contaminating the debris.
NR 668.45 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; CR 16-007: am. Table 1, footnotes 3, 4, Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17; CR 19-082: am. (1) (intro.), (b), (2) (a) Register August 2020 No. 776, eff. 9-1-20. NR 668.46NR 668.46 Alternative treatment standards based on HTMR. For the treatment standards previously found in this section, refer to s. NR 668.40. NR 668.46 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06. NR 668.48NR 668.48 Universal treatment standards. NR 668.48(1)(1) Table UTS identifies the hazardous constituents, along with the nonwastewater and wastewater treatment standard levels, that are used to regulate most prohibited hazardous wastes with numerical limits. For determining compliance with treatment standards for underlying hazardous constituents as defined in s. NR 668.02 (9), these treatment standards may not be exceeded. Compliance with these treatment standards is measured by an analysis of grab samples, unless otherwise noted in the following Table UTS. Section NR 668.48 — Universal Treatment Standards NA means not applicable.
1 CAS means Chemical Abstract Services. When the waste code or regulated constituents are described as a combination of a chemical with its salts or esters, the CAS number is given for the parent compound only.
2 Concentration standards for wastewaters are expressed in mg/L and are based on analysis of composite samples.
3 Except for metals (EP or TCLP) and cyanides (total and amenable) the nonwastewater treatment standards expressed as a concentration were established, in part, based upon incineration in units operated according to the technical requirements of subch. O of ch. NR 664 or subch. O of ch. NR 665, or based upon combustion in fuel substitution units operating according to applicable technical requirements. A facility may comply with these treatment standards according to s. NR 668.40 (4). All concentration standards for nonwastewaters are based on analysis of grab samples. 4 Both cyanides (total) and cyanides (amenable) for nonwastewaters are to be analyzed using Method 9010C or 9012B, found in “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,” EPA SW-846, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11, with a sample size of 10 grams and a distillation time of one hour and 15 minutes. 5 These constituents are not “underlying hazardous constituents” in characteristic wastes, according to the definition at s. NR 668.02 (9). 7 This constituent is not an underlying hazardous constituent as defined at s. NR 668.02 (9) because its UTS level is greater than its TC level, thus a treatment selenium waste would always be characteristically hazardous, unless it is treated to below its characteristic level. 8 This standard is temporarily deferred for soil exhibiting a hazardous characteristic due to D004 to D011 only.
NR 668.49NR 668.49 Alternative LDR treatment standards for contaminated soil. NR 668.49(1)(1) A person shall comply with LDRs prior to placing soil that exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste, or exhibited a characteristic of hazardous waste at the time it was generated, into a land disposal unit. The following chart describes whether a person is required to comply with LDRs prior to placing soil contaminated by listed hazardous waste into a land disposal unit: * For dates of LDR applicability, see ch. NR 668 Appendix VII. To determine the date a listed hazardous waste contaminated a volume of soil, use the last date the listed hazardous waste was placed into the land disposal unit or, in the case of an accidental spill, the date of the spill. NR 668.49(2)(2) Prior to land disposal, contaminated soil identified by sub. (1) as needing to comply with LDRs shall be treated according to the applicable treatment standards specified in sub. (3) or according to the universal treatment standards specified in s. NR 668.48 applicable to the contaminating listed hazardous waste or the applicable characteristic of hazardous waste if the soil is characteristic, or both. The treatment standards specified in sub. (3) and the universal treatment standards may be modified through a treatment variance approved according to 40 CFR 268(a) to (g). NR 668.49(3)(3) Prior to land disposal, contaminated soil identified by sub. (1) as needing to comply with LDRs shall be treated according to all the standards specified in this subsection or according to the universal treatment standards specified in s. NR 668.48. NR 668.49(3)(a)(a) All soils. Prior to land disposal, all constituents subject to treatment shall be treated as follows: NR 668.49(3)(a)1.1. For non-metals except carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone and methanol, treatment shall achieve 90% reduction in total constituent concentrations, except as provided by subd. 3. NR 668.49(3)(a)2.2. For metals and carbon disulfide, cyclohexanone and methanol, treatment shall achieve 90% reduction in constituent concentrations as measured in leachate from the treated media (tested according to the TCLP) or 90 % reduction in total constituent concentrations (when a metal removal treatment technology is used), except as provided by subd. 3. NR 668.49(3)(a)3.3. When treatment of any constituent subject to treatment to a 90% reduction standard would result in a concentration less than 10 times the universal treatment standard for that constituent, then treatment to achieve constituent concentrations less than 10 times the universal treatment standard is not required. Universal treatment standards are identified in s. NR 668.48, Table UTS. NR 668.49(3)(b)(b) Soils that exhibit the characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity. In addition to the treatment required by par. (a), prior to land disposal, soils that exhibit the characteristic of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity shall be treated to eliminate these characteristics. NR 668.49(3)(c)(c) Soils that contain nonanalyzable constituents. In addition to the treatment requirements of pars. (a) and (b), prior to land disposal, the following treatment is required for soils that contain nonanalyzable constituents: NR 668.49(3)(c)1.1. For soil that contains only analyzable and nonanalyzable organic constituents, the analyzable organic constituents shall be treated to the levels specified in pars. (a) and (b). NR 668.49(3)(c)2.2. Soil that contains only nonanalyzable constituents shall be treated by the method or methods specified in s. NR 668.42 for the waste contained in the soil. NR 668.49(4)(4) When applying the soil treatment standards in sub. (3), constituents subject to treatment are any constituents listed in s. NR 668.48, Table UTS that are reasonably expected to be present in any given volume of contaminated soil, except fluoride, selenium, sulfides, vanadium, and zinc, and that are present at concentrations greater than ten times the universal treatment standard. PCBs are not a constituent subject to treatment in any given volume of soil which exhibits the toxicity characteristic solely because of the presence of metals. NR 668.49(5)(5) Treatment residuals from treating contaminated soil identified by sub. (1) as needing to comply with LDRs shall be managed as follows: NR 668.49(5)(a)(a) Soil residuals are subject to the treatment standards of this section. NR 668.49(5)(b)(b) Non-soil residuals are subject to all of the following requirements: NR 668.49(5)(b)1.1. Soils contaminated by listed hazardous waste are subject to the standards applicable to the listed hazardous waste under ch. 291, Stats., and chs. NR 660 to 673. NR 668.49(5)(b)2.2. Soils that exhibit a characteristic of hazardous waste, if the non-soil residual also exhibits a characteristic of hazardous waste, are subject to the treatment standards applicable to the characteristic hazardous waste. NR 668.49 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; correction in (5) (b) 1. made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register October 2007 No. 622; CR 16-007: am. (1) Table, (4) Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17. NR 668.50NR 668.50 Prohibitions on storage of restricted wastes. NR 668.50(1)(1) Except as provided in this section, the storage of hazardous wastes restricted from land disposal under this chapter or 42 USC 6924 is prohibited, unless all of the following conditions are met: NR 668.50(1)(a)(a) A generator stores the wastes in tanks, containers, or containment buildings on-site solely for the purpose of the accumulation of quantities of hazardous waste necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment or disposal, and a generator complies with the requirements in ss. NR 662.016 and 662.017 and chs. NR 664 and 665. NR 668.50(1)(b)(b) An owner or operator of a hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility stores the wastes in tanks, containers or containment buildings solely for the purpose of the accumulation of quantities of hazardous waste necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment or disposal, and all of the following additional conditions are met: NR 668.50(1)(b)1.1. Each container is clearly marked to identify its contents and with all of the following: NR 668.50(1)(b)1.b.b. The applicable EPA hazardous waste number, EPA hazardous waste codes as specified in subchs. C and D of ch. NR 661; or use a nationally recognized electronic system, such as bar coding that identifies the EPA hazardous waste number. NR 668.50(1)(b)1.c.c. An indication of the hazards of the contents. Examples to indicate a hazard include the applicable hazardous waste ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic characteristic; hazard communication consistent with the department of transportation requirements under 49 CFR part 172 subpart E on labeling or subpart F on placarding; a hazard statement or pictogram consistent with the occupational safety and health administration hazard communication standard under 29 CFR 1910.1200; or a chemical hazard label consistent with the national fire protection association code 704. NR 668.50(1)(b)2.2. Each tank is clearly marked with a description of its contents, the quantity of each hazardous waste received and the date each period of accumulation begins, or the information for each tank is recorded and maintained in the operating record at that facility. Regardless of whether the tank itself is marked, an owner or operator shall comply with the operating record requirements specified in s. NR 664.0073 or s. NR 665.0073. NR 668.50(1)(c)(c) A transporter stores manifested shipments of the wastes at a transfer facility for 10 days or less. NR 668.50(1)(d)(d) A healthcare facility accumulates such wastes in containers on-site solely for the purpose of the accumulation of such quantities of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal and the healthcare facility complies with the requirements specified in ss. NR 666.502 and 666.503. NR 668.50(1)(e)(e) A reverse distributor accumulates such wastes in containers on-site solely for the purpose of the accumulation of such quantities of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment, or disposal and the reverse distributor complies with s. NR 666.510. NR 668.50(2)(2) An owner or operator of a treatment, storage or disposal facility may store the wastes for up to one year unless the department can demonstrate that the storage was not solely for the purpose of accumulation of quantities of hazardous waste as are necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment or disposal. NR 668.50(3)(3) A owner or operator of a treatment, storage or disposal facility may store the wastes beyond one year; however, the owner or operator bears the burden of proving that the storage was solely for the purpose of accumulation of quantities of hazardous waste as are necessary to facilitate proper recovery, treatment or disposal. NR 668.50(4)(4) If a generator’s waste is exempt from a prohibition on the type of land disposal utilized for the waste (for example, because of an approved case-by-case extension under 40 CFR 268.5, an approved 40 CFR 268.6 petition, or a national capacity variance under subch. C), the prohibition in sub. (1) does not apply during the period of the exemption. NR 668.50(5)(5) The prohibition in sub. (1) does not apply to hazardous wastes that meet the treatment standards specified under ss. NR 668.41, 668.42 and 668.43 or the treatment standards specified under the variance in 40 CFR 268.44, or, where treatment standards have not been specified, is in compliance with the applicable prohibitions specified in s. NR 668.32 or s. 291.05 (6), Stats. NR 668.50(6)(6) Liquid hazardous wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at concentrations greater than or equal to 50 ppm shall be stored at a facility that meets the requirements of 40 CFR 761.65(b) and shall be removed from storage and treated or disposed as required by this chapter within one year of the date when the wastes are first placed into storage. The provisions of sub. (3) do not apply to PCB wastes prohibited under s. NR 668.32. NR 668.50(7)(7) The prohibition and requirements in this section do not apply to hazardous remediation wastes stored in a staging pile approved pursuant to s. NR 664.0554. NR 668.50 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; CR 16-007: am. (7) Register July 2017 No. 739, eff. 8-1-17; CR 19-082: am. (1) (a), renum. (1) (b) to (1) (b) 1. (intro.) and am., cr. (1) (b) 1. a. to c., (d), (e) Register August 2020 No. 776, eff. 9-1-20.
