Wisconsin Legislature: 001 - CR 15-049 Rule Text

NR 809.835 (3) (b) A system may write its own educational statement, but only in consultation with the department.

SECTION 156.

NR 809.837 (1) and (3) are amended to read:

NR 809.837 Consumer confidence report delivery and recordkeeping. (1) general delivery requirements. Except as provided in sub. (7), water suppliers for each community water system shall mail or otherwise directly deliver one copy of the report to each customer. Electronic delivery of the report is allowed if the water supplier of a community water system uses paper or electronic communication containing uniform resource locator (URL) information providing a direct link to the report and if the communication prominently displays the URL and a notice explaining the nature of the link. The electronic link shall take the customer to the entire report without directing the customer to another internet page.

NR 809.837 (3) delivery to the department. No later than the date the public water system is required to distribute the report to its customers, the water supplier for each community water system shall also mail a copy of the report to the department, followed within 3 months by along with a certification that the report has been distributed to customers, and that the information is correct and consistent with the compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the department.

SECTION 157.

NR 809 Subchapter V, Appendix A is amended to read:

Appendix A to Subchapter V

Consumer Confidence Report Information

Contaminant (units)

Traditional MCL in mg/L

To convert for CCR; multiply by

MCL in CCR units

MCLG

Major sources in drinking water

Health effects language

Microbiological contaminants:

Total Coliform Bacteria

MCL: (public water systems that collect ≥40 samples/ month) 5% of monthly samples are positive; (systems that collect <40 samples/month) 1 positive monthly sample.TT

N/A

MCL: (public water systems that collect ≥40 samples/ month) 5% of monthly samples are positive; (public water systems that collect <40 samples/month) 1 positive monthly sample.TT

0NA

Naturally present in the environment.

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially-harmful, bacteria may be present. Coliforms were found in more samples than allowed and this was a warning of potential problems.Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessment(s) to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.

Fecal coliform and E. coliE. coli

0Routine and repeat samples are total coliform-positive and either is E. coli-positive or system fails to take repeat samples following E. coli-positive routine sample or system fails to analyze total coliform-positive repeat sample for E. coli.

N/A

Human and animal fecal waste.

Fecal coliforms and E. coliE. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

Total organic carbon (ppm)

N/A

Naturally present in the environment.

Total organic carbon has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts. Their byproducts include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.

Turbidity (NTU)

N/A

Soil runoff.

Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea and associated headaches.

Fecal Indicators:

enterococci or coliphage

N/A

Human and animal fecal waste

Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems

Radioactive contaminants:

Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)

4 mrem/yr

N/A

Decay of natural and man-made deposits.

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Alpha emitters (pCi/l)

15 pCi/l

N/A

Erosion of natural deposits.

Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Combined radium (pCi/l)

5 pCi/l

N/A

Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Uranium (ug/1)

30 ug/1

N/A

Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer or kidney toxicity.

Inorganic contaminants:

Antimony (ppb)

.006

1000

Discharge from petroleum refineries, fire retardants, ceramics, electronics, solder.

Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.

Arsenic (ppb)

0.0101

1000

101

Erosion of natural deposits; Runoff from orchards; Runoff from glass and electronics production wastes.

Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Asbestos (MFL)

7 MFL

N/A

Decay of asbestos cement water; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.

Barium (ppm)

N/A

Discharge of drilling wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.

Beryllium (ppb)

.004

1000

Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning factories; Discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries.

Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.

Bromate (ppb)

.010

1000

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Cadmium (ppb)

.005

1000

Corrosion of galvanized pipes; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from metal refineries; Runoff from waste batteries and paints.

Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

Chloramines (ppm)

MRDL = 4

N/A

MRDL = 4

MRDLG = 4

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.

Chlorine (ppm)

MRDL = 4

N/A

MRDL = 4

MRDLG = 4

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.

Chlorine dioxide (ppb)

MRDL = .8

1000

MRDL = 800

MRDLG = 800

Water additive used to control microbes.

Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia.

Chlorite (ppm)

N/A

0.8

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia.

Chromium (ppb)

1000

100

Discharge from steel and pulp mills; Erosion of natural deposits.

Some people who drink water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.

Copper (ppm)

AL = 1.3

N/A

AL = 1.3

1.3

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; Erosion of natural deposits.

Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress. Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson’s Disease should consult their personal doctor.

Cyanide (ppb)

1000

200

Discharge from steel/metal factories; Discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories.

Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.

Fluoride (ppm)

N/A

Erosion of natural deposits; Water additive which promotes strong teeth; Discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories.

Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than 9 years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.

Lead (ppb)

AL = .015

1000

AL = 15

Corrosion of household plumbing system; Erosion of natural deposits.

Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attentions span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.

Mercury [inorganic] (ppb)

.002

1000

Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from refineries and factories; Runoff from landfills; Runoff from cropland.

Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

Nitrate (ppm)

N/A

Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits.

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. Females who are or may become pregnant should not consume water with nitrate concentrations that exceed the MCL. There is some evidence of an association between exposure to high nitrate levels in drinking water during the first weeks of pregnancy and certain birth defects.

Nitrite (ppm)

N/A

Runoff from fertilizer use; Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion of natural deposits.

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

Selenium (ppb)

.05

1000

Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits; Discharge from mines.

Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail loss, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.

Thallium (ppb)

.002

1000

0.5

Leaching from ore-processing sites; Discharge from electronic, glass, and drug factories.

Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.

Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides:

2,4-D (ppb)

.07

1000

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.

2,4,5-TP [Silvex] (ppb)

.05

1000

Residue of banned herbicide.

Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

Acrylamide

N/A

Added to water during sewage/wastewater treatment.

Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Alachlor (ppb)

.002

1000

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Atrazine (ppb)

.003

1000

Runoff from herbicide used on row crops.

Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.

Benzo(a)-

pyrene [PAH] (nanograms/l)

.0002

1,000,000

200

Leaching from lining of water storage tanks and distribution lines.

Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Carbofuran (ppb)

.04

1000

Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and alfalfa.

Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.

Chlordane (ppb)

.002

1000

Residue of banned termiticide.

Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dalapon (ppb)

1000

200

Runoff from herbicide used on rights of way.

Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (ppb)

1000

400

Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement or possible reproductive difficulties.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ppb)

.006

1000

Discharge from rubber and chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dibromo-chloropropane (ppt)

.0002

1,000,000

200

Runoff/leaching from soil fumigant used on soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards.

Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Dinoseb (ppb)

.007

1000

Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and vegetables.

Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

Diquat (ppb)

.02

1000

Runoff from herbicide use.

Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.

Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD] (ppq)

.00000003

1,000,000,000

Emissions from waste incineration and other combustion; Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Endothall (ppb)

1000

100

Runoff from herbicide use.

Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines.

Endrin (ppb)

.002

1000

Residue of banned insecticide.

Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

Epichloro-hydrin

N/A

Discharge from industrial chemical factories; An impurity of some water treatment chemicals.

Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Ethylene dibromide (ppt)

.00005

1,000,000

Discharge from petroleum refineries.

Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive systems, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Glyphosate (ppb)

1000

700

Runoff from herbicide use.

Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.

Heptachlor (ppt)

.0004

1,000,000

400

Residue of banned pesticide.

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Heptachlor- epoxide (ppt)

.0002

1,000,000

200

Breakdown of heptachlor.

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Hexachloro-benzene Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)

.001

1000

Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Hexachloro-cyclopenta-diene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (ppb)

.05

1000

Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.

Lindane (ppt)

.0002

1,000,000

200

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cattle, lumber and gardens.

Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.

Methoxychlor (ppb)

.04

1000

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on fruits, vegetables, alfalfa and livestock.

Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb)

1000

200

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on apples, potatoes and tomatoes.

Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.

PCBs [Poly-chlorinated-biphenylsPolychlorinated biphenyls] (ppt)

.0005

1,000,000

500

Runoff from landfills; Discharge of waste chemicals.

Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Pentachloro-phenol Pentachlorophenol (ppb)

.001

1000

Discharge from wood preserving factories.

Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Picloram (ppb)

1000

500

Herbicide runoff.

Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

Simazine (ppb)

.004

1000

Herbicide runoff.

Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.

Toxaphene (ppb)

.003

1000

Runoff/leaching from insecticide used on cotton and cattle.

Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Volatile organic contaminants:

Benzene (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from factories; Leaching from gas storage tanks and landfills.

Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from chemical plants and other industrial activities.

Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Chloro-benzeneChlorobenzene (ppb)

1000

100

Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

o-Dichloro-benzene 0-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

1000

600

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.

p-Dichloro-benzene p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

.075

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.

1,2-Dichloro-ethane 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,1-Dichloro-ethylene 1,1,-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)

.007

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

cis-1,2-dichloro-ethylene cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)

.07

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

Trans-1,2-Dichloro-ethylene trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (ppb)

1000

100

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

Dichloro-methane Dichloromethane (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from pharmaceutical and chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing dichlorormethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,2-dichloro-propane 1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Ethylbenzene (ppb)

1000

700

Discharge from petroleum refineries.

Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

Haloacetic Acids (pbb)

.060

1000

N/A

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Styrene (ppb)

1000

100

Discharge from rubber and plastic factories; Leaching from landfills.

Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.

Tetrachloro-ethylene Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from factories and dry cleaners.

Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

1,2,4-Trichloro-benzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (ppb)

.07

1000

Discharge from textile-finishing factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.

1,1,1-Trichloro-ethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)

1000

200

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.

1,1,2-Trichloro-ethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from industrial chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.

Trichloro-ethyleneTrichloroethylene (ppb)

.005

1000

Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other factories.

Some people who drink water containing trichoroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

TTHMs [Total
trihalo-methanestrihalomethanes] (ppb)

0.10/0.80

1000

100/80

N/A

By-product of drinking water disinfection.

Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous systems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Toluene

(ppm)

N/A

Discharge from petroleum factories.

Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.

Vinyl Chloride (ppb)

.002.0002

1000

2.2

Leaching from PVC piping; Discharge from plastics factories.

Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Xylenes

(ppm)

N/A

Discharge from petroleum factories; Discharge from chemical factories.

Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damages to their nervous system.

Key:

AL = Action Level

MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level

MCLG = Maximum Contaminant Level Goal

MFL = million fibers per liter

MRDL = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level

MRDLG = Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal

mrem/year = millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body)

N/A = Not Applicable

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units (a measure of water clarity)

pCi/l = picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity)

ppm = parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/l)

ppb = parts per billion, or micrograms per liter (g/l)

ppt = parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter

ppq = parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter

TT = Treatment Technique

SECTION 158.

NR 809.951 (1) (b) 1. is repealed and recreated to read:

NR 809.951 (1) (b) 1. Violation of the MCL for E. coli, as specified in s. NR 809.30.

SECTION 159.

NR 809.952 (2) (b) is amended to read:

NR 809.952 (2) (b) The For MCL or treatment technique violations, the water supplier shall repeat the notice every 3 months as long as the violation or situation persists. For violations other than MCL or treatment technique violations the water supplier shall repeat the notice every 3 months as long as the violation or situation persists, unless the department determines that appropriate circumstances warrant a different notice frequency, but In in no circumstance may the repeat notice be given less frequently than once per year. The department may not allow across-the-board reductions in the repeat notice frequency for other ongoing violations requiring a Tier 2 repeat notice. Department determinations allowing repeat notices to be given less frequently than once every 3 months shall be in writing.

SECTION 160.

NRA 809.953 (1) (b) 1. and 2. are amended to read:

NR 809.953 (1) (b) 1. Monitoring violations under ch. NR 809 this chapter, except if a Tier 1 notice is required under s. NR 809.951 (1) or if the department determines that a Tier 2 notice is required.

NR 809.953 (1) (b) 2. Failure to comply with a testing procedure established in ch. NR 809 this chapter, except if a Tier 1 notice is required under s. NR 809.951 (1) or if the department determines that a Tier 2 notice is required.

SECTION 161.

NR 809.953 (1) (b) 6. is created to read:

NR 809.953 (1) (b) 6. Reporting and recordkeeping violations under this chapter.

SECTION 162.

NR 809.960 (1) (a) and (b) are amended to read:

NR 809.960 (1) (a) Community water systems. In addition to public notification requirements under this subchapter, a water supplier for a community groundwater system that receives notice from the department of a significant deficiency or notification of a fecal indicator-positive groundwater source sample that is not invalidated by the department shall inform the public served by the public water system of the of any uncorrected significant deficiency or fecal indicator-positive source sample. Water suppliers shall provide the special public notice in the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) required under ss. NR 809.833(7)(f) as soon as practical after the public water system learns of the violation for the calendar year in which the uncorrected significant deficiency or source water fecal positive sample was detected. The water supplier shall continue to inform the public annually in their the CCR, from the date of notification from the department, until the significant deficiency is corrected or the fecal contamination in the groundwater source is determined by the department to be corrected.

NR 809.960 (1) (b) Non-community systems. In addition to public notification requirements under this subchapter, a water suppliers supplier for a non-community groundwater system that receives notice from the department of a significant deficiency shall inform the public served by the public water system in a manner approved by the department of any significant deficiency that has not been corrected within 12 months of being notified by the department, or earlier if directed by the department. The water supplier must continue to inform the public annually until the significant deficiency is corrected. This information shall include:

SECTION 163.

NR 809.960 (2) (intro.) is repealed.

SECTION 164.

NR 809.960(2) (a), (b) and (c) are renumbered NR 809.960 (1) (b) 1., 2., and 3..

SECTION 165.

NR 809 Subchapter VII, Appendix A is amended to read:

Appendix A to Subchapter VII
NPDWR Violations and Other Situations Requiring Public Notice1

MCL/MRDL/TT violations2

Monitoring & testing procedure violations

Contaminant

Tier of public notice required

Citation

(Wis. Adm. Code)

Tier of public notice required

Citation

(Wis. Adm. Code)

I. Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations:3

A. Microbiological Contaminants

1. Total coliform: Monitoring or TT violations resulting from failure to perform assessments or corrective actions

NR 809.30(1)314

NR 809.31(1)-(4)(9)

1m. Total coliform: Seasonal system failure to follow department-approved start-up plan prior to serving water to the public

NR 809.314(2)

2. Fecal coliform/E. coliE. Coli MCL

NR 809.30(2)

14, 3

NR 809.31(49)

NR 809.31(10)

2m. E. coli: TT violations resulting from failure to perform Level 2 assessments or corrective action

NR 809.30

3. Turbity Turbidity MCL

NR 810.29 (1)

NR 810.38(1)b)

NR 810.38(2)(a), NR 810.38(2)(b), NR 810.29

4. Turbidity MCL (average 2 days’ samples >5 NTU)

525, 1

NR 810.29(2)

NR 810.38(1)b)

NR 810.38(2)(a), NR 810.38(2)(b), NR810.29

5 Turbidity (for TT violations resulting from a single exceedance of maximum allowable turbidity level)

626, 1

NR 810.29 (1),

NR 810.29

(2),

NR 810.29 (3),

NR 810.29

(4),

NR 810.29 (6)

NR 810.30 (1),

NR 810.30 (4)(a),

NR 810.30 (4)(b)

NR 810.38(1)b)

NR 810.38(2)(a),

NR 810.38(2)(b),

NR 810.29

6. Surface Water Treatment Rule violations, other than violations resulting from single exceedance of max. allowable turbidity level (TT)

NR 810.27 – 810.33

NR 810.38

7. Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule violations, other than violations resulting from single exceedance of max. turbidity level (TT)

NR 810 subch. 2

NR 810.29, NR 810.38

8. Filter Backwash Rule (FBWR)

NR 809.333(3)

NR 811.60

NR 811.62

NR 810.29

9. Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule violations

NR 810.34-

NR 810.45

15215,3

NR 809.331-

NR 809.335

NR 810.32(1) and (2)

10. Groundwater RuleSource water sample positive for Groundwater Rule (GWR) fecal indicators: E. coli, enterococci, or coliphage

NR809.329809.325(6)

NR809.325(5) NR

809.327(6)

B. Inorganic Chemicals (IOCs)

1. Antimony

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

2. Arsenic

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

3. Asbestos (fibers >10 ìmµm)

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

4. Barium

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

5. Beryllium

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

6. Cadmium

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

7. Chromium (total)

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

8. Cyanide

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

9. Fluoride

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

10. Mercury (inorganic)

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

11. Nitrate

NR 809.11(2)

818, 3

NR 809.115(4),(5) and (6)(b)

12. Nitrite

NR 809.11(2)

818, 3

NR 809.115(4),(5) and (6)(b)

13. Total Nitrate and Nitrite

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(4) and (5)

14. Selenium

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

15. Thallium

NR 809.11(2)

NR 809.115(1) to (3) and (6)(a)and (c)

Appendix A to Subchapter VII - Continued
NPDWR Violations and Other Situations Requiring Public Notice1

Contaminant

MCL/MRDL/TT violations2

Monitoring & testing procedure violations

C. Lead and Copper Rule (Action Level for lead is 0.015 mg/L, copper is 1.3 mg/L) 1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)

Tier of public notice required

Citation

(Wis. Adm. Code)

Tier of public notice required

Citation

(Wis. Adm. Code)

1. Lead and Copper Rule (TT)

NR 809.541 – NR 809.55

D. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)

NR 809.541 – NR 809.55

NR 809.541-

NR 809.55

1. 2,4-D

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

2. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

3. Alachlor

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

4. Atrazine

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

5. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

6. Carbofuran

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

7. Chlordane

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

8. Dalapon

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

9. Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

10. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

11. Dibromochloropropane

NR 809.20(1)

NR809.205

12. Dinoseb

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

13. Dioxin (2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD)

NR 809.20(1)

NR809.205

14. Diquat

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

15. Endothall

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

16. Endrin

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

17. Ethylene dibromide

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

18. Glyphosate

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

19. Heptachlor

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

20. Heptachlor epoxide

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

21. Hexachlorobenzene

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

22. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

23. Lindane

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

24. Methoxychlor

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

25. Oxamyl (Vydate)

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

26. Pentachlorophenol

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

27. Picloram

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

28. Polychlorinated biphenyls

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

29. Simazine

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

30. Toxaphene

NR 809.20(1)

NR 809.205

E. Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs)

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

1. Benzene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

2. Carbon tetrachloride

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

3. Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene)

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

4. o-Dichlorobenzene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

5. p-Dichlorobenzene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

6. 1,2-Dichloroethane

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

7. 1,1-Dichloroethylene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

8. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

9. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

10. Dichloromethane

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

11. 1,2-Dichloropropane

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

12. Ethylbenzene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

13. Styrene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

14. Tetrachloroethylene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

15. Toluene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

16. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

17. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

18. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

19. Trichloroethylene

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

20. Vinyl chloride

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

21. Xylenes (total)

NR 809.24(1)

NR 809.245

F. Radioactive Contaminants

1. Beta/photon emitters

NR 809.51

NR 809.52(1),

NR 809.53(2)

2. Alpha emitters

NR 809.50(2)

NR 809.52(1),

NR 809.53(1)

3. Combined radium (226 & 228)

NR 809.50(1)

NR 809.52(1),

NR 809.53(1)

G. Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), Byproduct Precursors, Disinfectant Residuals. Where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts. EPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and disinfection byproducts in drinking water, including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. 9

1. Total trihalomethanes

NR 809.561(1)

NR 809.565(1)-(2)

2. Haloacetic Acids

NR 809.561(1)

NR 809.565(1)-(2)

3. Bromate

NR 809.561(2)

NR 809.565(1), (3)

4. Chlorite

NR 809.561(2)

NR 809.565(1), (3)

5. Chlorine (MRDL)

NR 809.561(2) NR 809.566(3)(a)

2, 3

NR 809.565(1), (4) NR 809.566(3)(a)

6. Chloramine (MRDL)

1102

NR 809.561(2) NR 809.566(3)(a)

NR 809.565(1), (4) NR 809.566(3)(a)

7. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL), where any 2 consecutive daily samples at entrance to distribution system only are above MRDL

211

NR 809.566(1),

(3)(b)

2,311

NR 809.565(1), (4)

8. Chlorine dioxide (MRDL), where samples in distribution system the next day are also above MRDL

211110

NR 809.566(1),

(3)(b)

NR 809.565(1), (4)

9. Control of disinfection byproducts precursors – TOC (TT)

NR 809.569

NR 809.565(1),(5)

10. Bench marking and disinfection profiling

N/A

NR 810.32

11. Development of monitoring plan

N/A

NR 809.565(6)

H. Other Treatment Techniques

1. Acrylamide (TT)

NR 809.25(4)

N/A

2. Epichlorohydrin (TT)

NR 809.25(4)

N/A

II. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring:12

A. Unregulated contaminants

N/A

NR 809.25; 40 CFR Part 141, Section 141.40

B. Nickel

N/A

NR 809.12(4)(c), NR 809.12(4) Table A

III. Public Notification for Conditional Waivers and Variances

A. Operation under a conditional waiver or variance

NR 809.90, NR 809.91

N/A

B. Violation of a conditional waiver or variance

NR 809 Subchapter VI

N/A

IV. Other Situations Requiring Public Notification:

A. Fluoride secondary maximum contaminant level exceedance

NR 809.70

N/A

B. Exceedance of nitrate MCL for non-community systems, as allowed by the department

NR 809.11(3)

N/A

C. Availability of unregulated contaminant monitoring data

NR 809.956

N/A

D. Waterborne disease outbreak

NR 809.04(90) NR 809.80(6)(e), NR 809.951(1)(b)7.

N/A

E. Other waterborne emergency13

NR 809.951(1)(b)8.

N/A

F. Other situations as determined by the department

141, 2, 314

N/A

G. Source Water Sample Positive for GWR Fecal indicators: E. coli, enterococci, or coliphageGroundwater Rule TT violations for failure to complete corrective actions according to a state approved schedule

NR 809.325(2), (3) 809.328(2)

N/A

Appendix A Footnotes

1 Violations and other situations not listed in this table, for example, reporting violations and failure to prepare Consumer Confidence Reports, do not require notice, unless otherwise determined by the department. Departments The department may, at their option, also require a more stringent public notice tier, for example, Tier 1 instead of Tier 2 or Tier 2 instead of Tier 3, for specific violations and situations listed in this Appendix, as authorized under s. NR 809.951(1) and (2)s. NR 809.952 (1).

2 MCL--Maximum contaminant level, MRDL—Maximum residual disinfectant level, TT—Treatment technique.

3 The term Violations of National Primary Drinking Water Regulations is used here to include violations of MCL, MRDL, TT, monitoring and testing procedure requirements.

4 Failure to test for fecal coliform or E. coliE. coli is a Tier 1 violation if testing is not done after any repeat sample tests positive for coliform. All other total coliform monitoring and testing procedure violations are Tier 3.

5 Water supplier for public water systems that violate the turbidity MCL of 5 NTU based on an average of measurements over 2 consecutive days shall consult with the department within 24 hours after learning of the violation. Based on this consultation, the department may subsequently decide to elevate the violation to Tier 1. If a water supplier is unable to make contact with the department in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to Tier 1.

6 Water supplier for public water systems with a treatment technique violation involving a single exceedance of a maximum turbidity limit under the Surface Water Treatment Rule or the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule are required to consult with the department within 24 hours after learning of the violation. Based on this consultation, the department may subsequently decide to elevate the violation to Tier 1. If a water supplier is unable to make contact with the department in the 24-hour period, the violation is automatically elevated to Tier 1.

7 Most of the requirements of the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (63 FR 69477) become effective January 1, 2002 for public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water serving at least 10,000 persons. However, s. NR 809.77 has some requirements that become effective as early as April 16, 1999. The Surface Water Treatment Rule remains in effect for public water systems serving at least 10,000 persons even after 2002; the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule adds additional requirements and does not in many cases supersede the Surface Water Treatment Rule.

8 Failure to take a confirmation sample within 24 hours for nitrate or nitrite after an initial sample exceeds the MCL is a Tier 1 violation. Other monitoring violations for nitrate are Tier 3.

9 Public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water community and non-transient non-community systems serving greater than or equal to 10,000 must comply with the new disinfection byproducts MCLs, disinfectant MRDLs, and related monitoring requirements beginning January 1, 2002. All other community and non-transient non-community systems must meet the MCLs and MRDLs beginning January 1, 2004. Public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water transient non-community systems serving 10,000 or more persons and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2002. Public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water transient non-community systems serving fewer than 10,000 persons and using only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water and using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant or oxidant must comply with the chlorine dioxide MRDL beginning January 1, 2004.

10 If any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL for chlorine dioxide and one or more samples taken in the distribution system the next day exceed the MRDL, Tier 1 notification is required. Failure to take the required samples in the distribution system after the MRDL is exceeded at the entry point also triggers Tier 1 notification.

11 Failure to monitor for chlorine dioxide at the entrance to the distribution system the day after exceeding the MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is a Tier 2 violation.

12 Some public water systems must monitor for certain unregulated contaminants listed in s. NR 809.25.

13 Other waterborne emergencies require a Tier 1 public notice under §141.202(a) or s. NR 809.951(1)(b)8. for situations that do not meet the definition of a waterborne disease outbreak given in 40 CFR 141.2 or s. NR 809.04(90) but that still have the potential to have serious adverse effects on health as a result of short-term exposure. These could include outbreaks not related to treatment deficiencies, as well as situations that have the potential to cause outbreaks, such as failure or significant interruption in water treatment processes, natural disasters that disrupt the water supply, chemical spills, or unexpected loading of possible pathogens into the source water.

14 The department may place other situations in any tier they believe appropriate, based on threat to public safety.

15 Failure to collect three or more samples for Cryptosporidium analysis is a Tier 2 violation requiring special notice as specified in §141.211. All other monitoring and testing procedure violations are Tier 3.

NR 809 Subchapter VII, Appendix B is amended to read:

Appendix B to Subchapter VII
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification

Contaminant

MCLG1 mg/L

MCL2 mg/L

Standard health effects language for
public notification

National Primary Drinking Water Regulations:

A. Microbiologocial Microbiological Contaminants:

1a. Total coliform

Zero

See footnote3

1ba. Fecal coliform/E. coliE. coli

Zero

Zero In compliance unless one of the following conditions occurs:

(1) The system has an E. coli-positive repeat sample following a total coliform-positive routine sample.

(2) The system has a total coliform-positive repeat sample following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

(3) The system fails to take all required repeat samples following an E. coli-positive routine sample.

(4) The system fails to test for E. coli when any repeat sample tests positive for total coliform.

Fecal coliforms and E. coliE. coli are bacteria whose presence indicate that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems.

1 b. Coliform Assessment or Corrective Action Violations, or both

N/A

Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessments to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found.

[THE SYSTEM MUST USE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES.]

We failed to conduct the required assessment.

We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that were found during the assessments.

1 c. E.coli Assessment or Corrective Action Violations, or both

N/A

E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. We violated the standard for E. coli, indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct a detailed assessment to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found.

[THE SYSTEM MUST USE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES.]

We failed to conduct the required assessment.

We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that were found during the assessment that we conducted.

1 d. Seasonal System TT Violations

N/A

When this violation includes the failure to monitor for total coliforms or E. coli prior to serving water to the public, the mandatory language found at s. NR 809.954 (4)( b) must be used.

When this violation includes failure to complete other actions, the appropriate elements found in s. NR 809.954 (1) to describe the violation must be used.

1 e. Fecal indicators (GWR):

E. coliE. coli

ii. Enterococci,

iii. coliphageColiphage

Zero

None

1 f. Groundwater Rule (GWR) TT violations.

None

Inadequately treated or inadequately protected water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, cramps, and associated headaches.

2a. Turbidity (MCL)4

None

1 NTU5/5 NTU

2b. Turbidity (SWTR TT)6

None

TT7

2c. Turbidity (IESWTR TT)8

None

B. Surface Water Treatment Rule and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule violations:

3. Giardia lamblia

Zero

TT9

Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

4. Viruses

5. Heterotrophic plate count bacteria10

6. Legionella

7. Cryptosporidium

Appendix B to Subchapter VII - Continued
Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification

Contaminant

MCGL1 mg/L

MCL2 mg/L

Standard health effects language for
public notification

C. Inorganic Chemicals:

8. Antimony

0.006

Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.

9. Arsenic

0.010

10. Asbestos (10 ìmµm)

7 MFL11

Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps.

11. Barium

Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure.

12. Beryllium

0.004

Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions.

13. Cadmium

0.005

Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

14. Chromium (total)

0.1

Some people who use water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis.

15. Cyanide

0.2

Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid.

16. Fluoride

4.0

Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL or more may cause mottling of children’s teeth, usually in children less than 9 years old. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and/or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums.

17. Mercury (inorganic)

0.002

Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.

18. Nitrate

19. Nitrite

20. Total Nitrate and Nitrite

Infants below the age of 6 months who drink water containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome.

21. Selenium

0.05

Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation.

22. Thallium

0.0005

0.002

Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.

D. Lead and Copper Rule:

23. Lead

Zero

TT12

Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure.

24. Copper

1.3

TT13

E. Synthetic Organic Chemicals:

25. 2,4-D

0.07

Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.

26. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

0.05

Some people who drink water containing silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

27. Alachlor

Zero

0.002

28. Atrazine

0.003

Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.

29. Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)

Zero

0.0002

Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

30. Carbofuran

0.04

Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.

31. Chlordane

Zero

0.002

Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

32. Dalapon

0.2

Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes.

33. Di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate

0.4

34. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Zero

0.006

35. Dibromochloropropane

Zero

0.0002

Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

36. Dinoseb

0.007

Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

37. Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)

Zero

3x10-8

Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and many have an increased risk of getting cancer.

38. Diquat

0.02

Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.

39. Endothall

0.1

Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestine.

40. Endrin

0.002

Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.

41. Ethylene dibromide

Zero

0.00005

Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

42. Glyphosate

0.7

Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties.

43. Heptachlor

Zero

0.0004

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

44. Heptachlor epoxide

Zero

0.0002

Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

45. Hexachlorobenzene

Zero

0.001

46. Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

0.05

Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.

47. Lindane

0.0002

Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver.

48. Methoxychlor

0.04

Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties.

49. Oxamyl (Vydate)

0.2

Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects.

50. Pentachlorophenol

Zero

0.001

Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

51. Picloram

0.5

Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

52. Polychlorinated biphenyls

Zero

0.0005

53. Simazine

0.004

Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood.

54. Toxaphene

Zero

0.003

Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

F. Volatile Organic Chemicals:

55. Benzene

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

56. Carbon tetrachloride

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

57. Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene)

0.1

Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

58. o-Dichlorobenzene

0.6

Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory systems.

59. p-Dichlorobenzene

0.075

Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.

60. 1,2-Dichloroethane

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

61. 1,1-Dichloroethylene

0.007

Some people who drink water containing 1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

62. cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene

0.07

Some people who drink water containing cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

63. trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene

0.1

Some people who drink water containing trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver.

64. Dichloromethane

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

65. 1,2-Dichloropropane

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

66. Ethylbenzene

0.7

Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys.

67. Styrene

0.1

Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.

68. Tetrachloroethylene

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

69. Toluene

Some people who drink water containing toluene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver.

70. 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.07

Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands.

71. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

0.2

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.

72. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.003

0.005

Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune systems.

73. Trichloroethylene

Zero

0.005

Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

74. Vinyl chloride

Zero

0.002

Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

75. Xylenes (total)

Some people who drink water containing xylenes in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system.

G. Radioactive Contaminants:

76. Beta/photon emitters

Zero

4 mrem/yr14

77. Alpha emitters

Zero

15 pCi/L15

78. Combined radium (226 & 228)

Zero

5 pCi/L

Some people who drink water containing radium 226 and 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

H. Disinfection Byproducts, Byproduct Precursors, and Disinfectant Residuals: Where disinfection is used in the treatment of drinking water, disinfectants combine with organic and inorganic matter present in water to form chemicals called disinfection byproducts. EPA sets standards for controlling the levels of disinfectants and DBPs in drinking water, including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids:16

79. Total trihalomethanes

N/A

0.8017

Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

80. Haloacetic Acids

N/A

0.06018

Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have increased risk of getting cancer.

81. Bromate

Zero

0.010

Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

82. Chlorite

0.08

1.0

83. Chlorine

4 (MRDLG)19

4.0 (MRDL)20

84. Chloramines

4 (MRDLG)

4.0 (MRDL)

85a. Chlorine dioxide, where any 2 consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system are above the MRDL.

0.8 (MRDLG)

0.8 (MRDL)

85b. Chlorine dioxide, where one or more distribution system samples are above the MRDL.

0.8 (MRDLG)

0.8 (MRDL)

Add for public notification only: The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include exceedances of the EPA standard within the distribution system which delivers water to consumers. Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the distribution system may harm human health based on short-term exposures. Certain groups, including fetuses, infants, and young children, may be especially susceptible to nervous system effects from excessive chlorine dioxide exposure.

86. Control of DBP precursors (TOC)

None

Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.

I. Other Treatment Techniques:

87. Acrylamide

Zero

Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

88. Epichlorohydrin

Zero

Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.

Appendix B Footnotes:

1 MCLG--Maximum contaminant level goal.

2 MCL--Maximum contaminant level.

3 For public water systems analyzing at least 40 samples per month, no more than 5.0 percent of the monthly samples may be positive for total coliforms. For public water systems analyzing fewer than 40 samples per month, no more than one sample per month may be positive for total coliforms.

4 There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of public water systems, including 40 CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. The MCL for the monthly turbidity average is 1 NTU; the MCL for the 2-day average is 5 NTU for public water systems that are required to filter but have not yet installed filtration (40 CFR 141.13).

5 NTU--Nephelometric turbidity unit.

6 There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of public water systems, including 40 CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. Systems subject to the Surface Water Treatment Rule (both filtered and unfiltered) may not exceed 5 NTU. In addition, in filtered systems, 95 percent of samples each month shall not exceed 0.5 NTU in public water systems using conventional or direct filtration and shall not exceed 1 NTU in public water systems using slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration or other filtration technologies approved by the department.

7 TT--Treatment technique.

8 There are various regulations that set turbidity standards for different types of public water systems, including 40 CFR 141.13, the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule, and the 1998 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. For public water systems subject to the interim enhanced surface water treatment rule (public water systems serving at least 10,000 people, using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water), that use conventional filtration or direct filtration, after January 1, 2002, the turbidity level of a public water system’s combined filter effluent may not exceed 0.3 NTU in at least 95 percent of monthly measurements, and the turbidity level of a public water system’s combined filter effluent shall not exceed 1 NTU at any time. Public water systems subject to the interim enhanced surface water treatment rule using technologies other than conventional, direct, slow sand, or diatomaceous earth filtration shall meet turbidity limits set by the department.

9 Surface water treatment rule and interim enhanced surface water treatment rule treatment technique violations that involve turbidity exceedances may use the health effects language for turbidity instead.

10 The bacteria detected by heterotrophic plate count are not necessarily harmful. HPC is simply an alternative method of determining disinfectant residual levels. The number of bacteria is an indicator of whether there is enough disinfectant in the distribution system.

11 Million fibers per liter.