Amendment SSA2-SB494

SB494-SSA2,235,5 891.41 (1) (b) He and the child's natural mother were married to each other after the child was born but he and the child's natural mother had a relationship with one another during the period of time within which the child was conceived and no other man has been adjudicated to be the father or presumed to be the father of the child under sub. (1) par. (a).

SB494-SSA2, s. 501 Section 501. 891.41 (2) of the statutes is created to read:

SB494-SSA2,235,12 891.41 (2) In a legal action or proceeding, a presumption under sub. (1) is rebutted by results of a genetic test, as defined in s. 767.001 (1m), that show that a man other than the man presumed to be the father under sub. (1) is not excluded as the father of the child and that the statistical probability of the man's parentage is 99.0% or higher, even if the man presumed to be the father under sub. (1) is unavailable to submit to genetic tests, as defined in s. 767.001 (1m).

SB494-SSA2, s. 502 Section 502. 895.48 (title) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,235,16 895.48 (title) Civil liability exemption; emergency care, health care at athletic events and health care, hazardous substances and information concerning paternity.

SB494-SSA2, s. 503 Section 503. 895.48 (3) of the statutes is created to read:

SB494-SSA2,236,2 895.48 (3) Any member of the staff of a hospital who is designated by the hospital and trained by the department of workforce development under s. 69.14 (1) (cm) and who in good faith provides to a child's available parents written information that is provided by the department of workforce development and oral information or an audio or video presentation about the form that is prescribed by the state registrar under s. 69.15 (3) (b) 3. and about the significance and benefits of, and alternatives to, establishing paternity, under the requirements of s. 69.14 (1) (cm), is immune from civil liability for his or her acts or omissions in providing that oral information or audio or video presentation and written information.

SB494-SSA2, s. 504 Section 504. 938.02 (13) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,236,10 938.02 (13) "Parent" means either a biological parent, a husband who has consented to the artificial insemination of his wife under s. 891.40, or a parent by adoption. If the juvenile is a nonmarital child who is not adopted or whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under s. 767.60, "parent" includes a person adjudged in a judicial proceeding acknowledged under s. 767.62 (1) or a substantially similar law of another state or adjudicated to be the biological father. "Parent" does not include any person whose parental rights have been terminated.

SB494-SSA2, s. 505 Section 505. 948.22 (4) (b) of the statutes, as affected by 1997 Wisconsin Act 35, is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,236,18 948.22 (4) (b) For a person not subject to a court order requiring child, grandchild or spousal support payments, when the person knows or reasonably should have known that he or she has a dependent, failure to provide support equal to at least the amount established by rule by the department of workforce development under s. 49.22 (9) (a) or causing a spouse, grandchild or child to become a dependent person, or continue to be a dependent person, as defined in s. 49.01 (2).

SB494-SSA2, s. 506 Section 506. 977.06 (4) (bm) of the statutes is created to read:

SB494-SSA2,237,3 977.06 (4) (bm) In response to a request for information under s. 49.22 (2m) made by the department of workforce development or a county child support agency under s. 59.53 (5), the state public defender shall provide the name and address of an individual, the name and address of the individual's employer and financial information related to the individual, if the name, address or financial information is included in any statement, affidavit or other information provided by the individual regarding financial eligibility under s. 977.07 and if, at the time the request for information is made, the individual is represented by the state public defender or by counsel assigned under s. 977.08.

SB494-SSA2, s. 507 Section 507. 977.06 (4) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,237,8 977.06 (4) (c) Paragraph (b) does Paragraphs (b) and (bm) do not limit the authority of the state public defender to release a copy of the a statement, affidavit or other information regarding financial eligibility under s. 977.07 under other circumstances.

SB494-SSA2, s. 508 Section 508. Laws of 1937, chapter 201, section 11, as last amended by chapter 267, laws of 1963, is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,238,3 [Laws of 1937, chapter 201] Section 11. All Except as provided in section 49.852 of the statutes, as created by 1997 Wisconsin Act .... (this act), and subject to section 767.265 of the statutes, as affected by 1997 Wisconsin Act .... (this act), all moneys and assets of the retirement system and all benefits and allowances, and every portion thereof, both before and after payment to any beneficiary, granted under the retirement system shall be exempt from any state, county or municipal tax, and from attachment or garnishment process, and shall not be seized, taken, detained or levied upon by virtue of any executions, or any process or proceeding whatsoever issued out of or by any court of this state, for the payment and ratification in whole or in part of any debt, claim, damage, demand or judgment against any member of or beneficiary under the retirement system, and no member of or beneficiary under the retirement system shall have any right to assign his benefit or allowance, or any part thereof, either by way of mortgage or otherwise, provided, however, that the annuity and pension board may at its option and under rules and regulations promulgated by it permit retired members to assign a portion of their retirement allowance for the regular monthly payment of medical, surgical and hospital care. The exemption from taxation contained herein shall not apply with respect to any tax on income.

SB494-SSA2, s. 509 Section 509. Laws of 1937, chapter 201, section 21b is created to read:

SB494-SSA2,238,7 [Laws of 1937, chapter 201] Section 21b. Notwithstanding Section 21, no county may enact an ordinance that prevents a retirement system from complying with section 49.852 of the statutes, as created by 1997 Wisconsin Act .... (this act).

SB494-SSA2, s. 510 Section 510. 1997 Wisconsin Act 27, section 631 is repealed.

SB494-SSA2, s. 511 Section 511. 1997 Wisconsin Act 27, section 639b is repealed.

SB494-SSA2, s. 512 Section 512. 1997 Wisconsin Act 27, section 833 is repealed.

SB494-SSA2, s. 513 Section 513. 1997 Wisconsin Act 27, section 909b is repealed.

SB494-SSA2, s. 514 Section 514. 1997 Wisconsin Act 27, section 9426 (8) is amended to read:

SB494-SSA2,239,3 [1997 Wisconsin Act 27] Section 9426 (8) Centralized receipt and disbursement of support and maintenance. The treatment of sections 20.445 (3) (a), (ja), (k), and (q) and (r), 20.855 (7) (j), 25.17 (1) (tm), 25.68, 49.24 (1) (by Section 1882n), 49.855 (1), (2), (3) (by Section 1992m), (4), (4m) (b) (by Section 1995m) and (c) and (5), 565.30 (5), 767.001 (7), 767.025 (3) and (4), 767.25 (4m) (c) 1. and (6) (intro.) and (a), 767.261 (intro.) and (1), 767.262 (4) (b), 767.263, 767.265 (1), (2r), (3h), (6) (a) and (b) and (7), 767.267 (1), (2) and (5), 767.29 (1m) (intro.) and (d) and (2), 767.32 (1r), 767.51 (3m) (c) 1. and (5p) (intro.) and (a), 769.319 and 814.61 (12) (cm) of the statutes, the repeal of sections 20.445 (3) (g), 59.40 (2) (h), 59.53 (5m), 814.61 (12) (b) and 814.612 of the statutes, the renumbering and amendment of sections 59.53 (5) and 767.29 (1) of the statutes, the amendment of section 49.175 (1) (intro.) of the statutes, the creation of sections 59.53 (5) (b) and 767.29 (1) (b), (d) and (f) of the statutes and Section 9226 (1) of this act take effect on the date stated in the notice published by the department of workforce development in the Wisconsin Administrative Register under section 767.29 (1) (f) of the statutes, as created by this act, or on October 1, 1999, whichever is earlier.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9145 Section 9145. Nonstatutory provisions; supreme court.

SB494-SSA2,239,8 (1) State bar membership; failure to pay support or provide social security number. The supreme court is requested to promulgate rules under section 751.15 of the statutes, as created by this act, so that those rules are effective beginning on April 1, 1998, or on the effective date of this subsection, whichever is later.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9155 Section 9155. Nonstatutory provisions; workforce development.

SB494-SSA2,239,14 (1) Financial record matching program. The department of workforce development shall submit in proposed form the rules required under section 49.853 of the statutes, as created by this act, to the legislative council staff under section 227.15 (1) of the statutes no later than the first day of the 13th month beginning after the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,239,19 (2) Statewide concern. Notwithstanding chapter 201, laws of 1937, section 21, as created by chapter 405, laws of 1965, the treatment of section 49.852 of the statutes and chapter 201, laws of 1937, sections 11 and 21b, is a matter of statewide concern and is not a matter of local affair or government, whether a retirement system is affected or otherwise.

SB494-SSA2,239,25 (3) General rules; support enforcement program. The department of workforce development shall submit in proposed form the rules required under section 49.858 (2) of the statutes, as created by this act, and section 767.027 (2) of the statutes, as created by this act, to the legislative council staff under section 227.15 (1) of the statutes no later than the first day of the 4th month beginning after the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9156 Section 9156. Nonstatutory provisions; other.

SB494-SSA2,240,7 (1) Lac du Flambeau approvals; failure to pay support or provide social security number. The Lac du Flambeau band of the Lake Superior Chippewa is requested to enact tribal laws or ordinances under section 29.138 (5m) of the statutes, as created by this act, so that those laws or ordinances are effective beginning on April 1, 1998, or on the effective date of this subsection, whichever is later.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9301 Section 9301. Initial applicability; administration.

SB494-SSA2,240,17 (1) License denial, restriction, limitation and suspension. The treatment of sections 218.11 (2) (a) and (am), (6m) and (7) (a) and 218.12 (2) (a) and (am), (3m) and (5) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to license applications received by the department of administration on the effective date of this subsection and the treatment of sections 218.11 (6m) and (7) (a) and (b) and 218.12 (3m) and (5) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting, limiting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,240,20 (2) Gaming licenses. The treatment of section 562.05 (1c) and (7) (am) of the statutes first applies to applications for licenses that are received by the department of administration under that section on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9304 Section 9304. Initial applicability; agriculture, trade and consumer protection.

SB494-SSA2,241,6 (1) License denial for failure to pay support. The treatment of sections 93.06 (8), 93.11 (1), 93.135, 93.35 (10), 94.65 (3) (c) 1., 94.66 (8), 95.72 (2) (c) 5. and 99.02 (1) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for initial or renewal licenses, registrations or registration certificates that are received on the effective date of this subsection and (with respect to denial of or refusal to renew a license, registration or registration certificates for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9310 Section 9310. Initial applicability; commerce.

SB494-SSA2,241,16 (1) License denial, restriction and suspension. The treatment of section 101.02 (21) (b) and (c) (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to refusal to issue or renew a license for failure to pay support) of the statutes first applies to applications for licenses or license renewals that are received on the effective date of this subsection and the treatment of section 101.02 (21) (c) and (d) of the statutes (with respect to refusal to issue or renew a license and with respect to license restriction or suspension for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9311 Section 9311. Initial applicability; corrections.

SB494-SSA2,242,2 (1) License withholding, suspension or restriction for failure to pay child support or comply with a subpoena or warrant. The treatment of section 48.715 (6) of the statutes and the repeal and recreation of section 48.66 (1) (with respect to denial of or refusal to renew a license for failure to pay expenses related to the support of a child or former spouse) of the statutes first apply to applications received by the department of corrections on the effective date of this subsection and (with respect to denial of or refusal to renew a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first apply to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,242,5 (2) Social security number on license applications. The treatment of section 48.66 (2m) of the statutes first applies to applications received by the department of corrections on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9318 Section 9318. Initial applicability; ethics board.

SB494-SSA2,242,14 (1) Disclosure of social security numbers; nonissuance, nonacceptance and suspension of licenses and registrations for failure to pay support. The treatment of sections 13.63 (1) and 13.64 (2) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications, nonissuance of licenses or nonacceptance of registration statements for failure to pay support) and the treatment of sections 13.64 (1) (a) and 19.55 (2) (d) of the statutes first apply with respect to applications for licensure under section 13.63 of the statutes and registration statements filed under section 13.64 of the statutes on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,242,20 (2) Nonissuance of lobbying licenses and nonacceptance of registration statements for failure to comply with subpoenas or warrants. The treatment of sections 13.63 (1) and 13.64 (2) (with respect to nonissuance of licenses or nonacceptance of registration statements for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) of the statutes first applies with respect to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,242,25 (3) Suspension of lobbying licenses for failure to comply with subpoenas or warrants. The treatment of sections 13.63 (1) and 13.64 (2) (with respect to suspension of licenses and registrations for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) of the statutes fist applies with respect to subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9319 Section 9319. Initial applicability; financial institutions.

SB494-SSA2,243,2 (1) Licenses and liability for delinquent support.

SB494-SSA2,243,3 (a) Licensed lenders.

SB494-SSA2,243,7 1. The treatment of section 138.09 (3) (a) and (am) of the statutes, the renumbering of section 138.09 (1m) of the statutes and the creation of section 138.09 (1m) (b) of the statutes first apply to applications for the issuance of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,243,13 2. The treatment of section 138.09 (3) (a) and (am) of the statutes, the renumbering of section 138.09 (1m) and (4) of the statutes and the creation of section 138.09 (1m) (b) and (4) (b) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first apply to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,243,14 (b) Insurance premium finance companies.

SB494-SSA2,243,18 1. The treatment of section 138.12 (3) (d), (4) (a) and (b) 4. and 6. and (5) (am) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for the issuance or renewal of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,243,22 2. The treatment of section 138.12 (3) (d), (4) (a) and (b) 4. and 6. and (5) (am) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,243,23 (c) Sellers of checks.

SB494-SSA2,244,2 1. The treatment of sections 217.05 (intro.) and (1m) and 217.06 (4) and (6) of the statutes and the renumbering of section 217.05 (1) to (4) of the statutes first apply to applications for the issuance of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,244,7 2. The treatment of sections 217.05 (intro.) and (1m), 217.06 (4) and (6) and 217.09 (1m) of the statutes and the renumbering of section 217.05 (1) to (4) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first apply to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,244,8 (d) Sales finance companies.

SB494-SSA2,244,12 1. The treatment of section 218.01 (2) (ig) and (3) (am) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for the issuance of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,244,16 2. The treatment of section 218.01 (2) (ig) and (3) (am) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,244,17 (e) Adjustment service companies.

SB494-SSA2,244,22 1. The treatment of section 218.02 (3) (e) and (9) (a) of the statutes, the renumbering and amendment of section 218.02 (2) (a) of the statutes and the creation of section 218.02 (2) (a) 2. of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first apply to applications for the issuance of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,245,4 2. The treatment of section 218.02 (3) (e) and (9) (a) of the statutes, the renumbering and amendment of section 218.02 (2) (a) of the statutes, the renumbering of section 218.02 (6) of the statutes and the creation of section 218.02 (2) (a) 2. and (6) (b) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first apply to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,245,5 (f) Collection agencies, collectors and solicitors.

SB494-SSA2,245,11 1. The treatment of section 218.04 (4) (a) and (am) of the statutes, the renumbering and amendment of section 218.04 (3) (a) of the statutes and the creation of section 218.04 (3) (a) 2. of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first apply to applications for the issuance or renewal of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,245,17 2. The treatment of section 218.04 (4) (a) and (am) and (5) (am) of the statutes, the renumbering and amendment of section 218.04 (3) (a) of the statutes and the creation of section 218.04 (3) (a) 2. of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first apply to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,245,18 (g) Community currency exchanges.

SB494-SSA2,245,22 1. The treatment of section 218.05 (3) (am), (4) (c) and (11) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for the issuance or renewal of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,246,2 2. The treatment of section 218.05 (3) (am), (4) (c), (11) and (12) (title) and (am) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,246,3 (h) Mortgage bankers, loan originators and loan solicitors.

SB494-SSA2,246,7 1. The treatment of section 224.72 (2) (c), (5) (a) and (b) 1. and 2. and (7m) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for the issuance or renewal of a certificate of registration received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,246,11 2. The treatment of sections 224.72 (2) (c), (5) (a) and (b) 1. and 2. and (7m) and 224.77 (6) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,246,12 (i) Broker-dealers, agents and investment advisers.

SB494-SSA2,246,15 1. The treatment of sections 551.32 (1) (bm) and 551.34 (1m) of the statutes first applies to applications for the issuance or renewal of a license received on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2,246,19 2. The treatment of sections 551.32 (1) (bm) and 551.34 (1m) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting or suspending a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subdivision.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9322 Section 9322. Initial applicability; health and family services.

SB494-SSA2,247,15 (1) Certificate, license, permit, registration and approval denial, nonrenewal, suspension or restriction. The treatment of sections 49.45 (2) (a) 11., 49.48, 146.50 (5) (a), (b) and (g), (6) (a) (intro.), (b) 1. and (c) (intro.), (6g) (a), (7) and (8) (a), (b), (c) and (f), 146.51, 250.041, 250.05 (5) and (6), 252.23 (2) and (4) (a), 252.24 (2) and (4) (a), 254.176 (1) and (3) (intro.) and (a), 254.178 (1) (b), (2) (intro.) and (a) and (4), 254.20 (2) (d), (3) (a) and (b), (4) and (7), 254.47 (1), (2m) and (3), 254.64 (1) (c) and (1p), 254.71 (2), (3) and (6) (c) and 255.08 (2) and (13) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to applications for initial or renewal certificates, licenses, training permits, registrations and approvals that are received by the department of health and family services on the effective date of this subsection and the treatment of sections 49.45 (2) (a) 11. and 12., 49.48, 146.50 (5) (a), (b) and (g), (6) (a) (intro.), (b) 1. and (c) (intro.), (6g) (a), (7) and (8) (a), (b), (c) and (f), 146.51, 250.041, 250.05 (5), (6) and (8), 252.23 (2) and (4) (a), 252.24 (2) and (4) (a), 254.176 (1) and (3) (intro.) and (a), 254.178 (1) (b), (2) (intro.) and (a) and (4), 254.20 (2) (d), (3) (a) and (b), (4), (6) and (7), 254.47 (1), (2m) and (3), 254.64 (1) (c) and (1p), 254.71 (2), (3) and (6) (c) and 255.08 (2) and (13) of the statutes (with respect to denying, not renewing, suspending or restricting a certificate, license, permit, registration or approval for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,247,17 (2) Social security numbers on certain reports, vital records and license applications.

SB494-SSA2,247,20 (a) Divorce reports. The treatment of section 69.17 of the statutes first applies to forms for reporting divorces that are supplied by the state registrar on the effective date of this paragraph.

SB494-SSA2,247,23 (b) Marriage license applications. The treatment of section 765.09 (2) and (3) of the statutes first applies to marriage license applications that are received on the effective date of this paragraph.

SB494-SSA2,248,3 (c) Marriage documents. The treatment of section 765.13 of the statutes first applies to marriage documents issued from marriage license applications that are received on the effective date of this paragraph.

SB494-SSA2,248,12 (3) Laboratory approval and permit denial, restriction, limitation and suspension. The treatment of section 343.305 (6) (e) of the statutes (with respect to information required on applications and with respect to the denial of applications) first applies to laboratory approval and permit applications received by the department of health and family services on the effective date of this subsection and the treatment of section 343.305 (6) (e) of the statutes (with respect to denying, restricting, limiting or suspending a laboratory approval or permit for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,248,21 (4) License or certification withholding, suspension or restriction for failure to pay child support or comply with a subpoena or warrant. The treatment of sections 48.66 (1), 48.69, 48.715 (6) and 48.72 of the statutes (with respect to denial of or refusal to renew a license for failure to pay expenses related to the support of a child or former spouse) first applies to applications received by the department of health and family services on the effective date of this subsection and (with respect to denial of or refusal to renew a license for failure to comply with a subpoena or warrant) first applies to failures to comply with subpoenas or warrants that are issued on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2,248,25 (5) Social security numbers on license or certification applications. The treatment of section 48.66 (2) and (2m) of the statutes first applies to license or certification applications received by the department of health and family services on the effective date of this subsection.

SB494-SSA2, s. 9326 Section 9326. Initial applicability; insurance.

SB494-SSA2,249,2 (1) Social security numbers on certain license applications or renewals.

SB494-SSA2,249,5 (a) Application for agent's license. The treatment of sections 628.04 (1) (intro) and (2), 628.09 (1) and 628.095 (1) and (2) of the statutes first applies to license applications that are received on the effective date of this paragraph.

SB494-SSA2,249,8 (b) Renewal of agent's license. The treatment of sections 628.095 (3) and 628.10 (2) (d) of the statutes first applies to annual fees under section 601.31 (1) (m) of the statutes that are payable on the effective date of this paragraph.