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10409.607 Collection and enforcement by secured party. (1) Collection
11and enforcement generally. If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured
12party:
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(a) May notify an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make
14payment or otherwise render performance to or for the benefit of the secured party;
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(b) May take any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under s.
16409.315;
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(c) May enforce the obligations of an account debtor or other person obligated
18on collateral and exercise the rights of the debtor with respect to the obligation of the
19account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise
20render performance to the debtor, and with respect to any property that secures the
21obligations of the account debtor or other person obligated on the collateral;
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(d) If it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under
23s. 409.104 (1) (a), may apply the balance of the deposit account to the obligation
24secured by the deposit account; and
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1(e) If it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under
2s. 409.104 (1) (b) or (c), may instruct the bank to pay the balance of the deposit
3account to or for the benefit of the secured party.
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4(2) Nonjudicial enforcement of mortgage. If necessary to enable a secured
5party to exercise under sub. (1) (c) the right of a debtor to enforce a mortgage
6nonjudicially, the secured party may record in the office in which a record of the
7mortgage is recorded:
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(a) A copy of the security agreement that creates or provides for a security
9interest in the obligation secured by the mortgage; and
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(b) The secured party's sworn affidavit in recordable form stating that:
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1. A default has occurred; and
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2. The secured party is entitled to enforce the mortgage nonjudicially.
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13(3) Commercially reasonable collection and enforcement. A secured party
14shall proceed in a commercially reasonable manner if the secured party:
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(a) Undertakes to collect from or enforce an obligation of an account debtor or
16other person obligated on collateral; and
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(b) Is entitled to charge back uncollected collateral or otherwise to full or
18limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor.
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19(4) Expenses of collection and enforcement. A secured party may deduct
20from the collections made pursuant to sub. (3) reasonable expenses of collection and
21enforcement, including reasonable attorney fees and legal expenses incurred by the
22secured party.
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23(5) Duties to secured party not affected. This section does not determine
24whether an account debtor, bank, or other person obligated on collateral owes a duty
25to a secured party.
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1409.608 Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement; liability
2for deficiency and right to surplus. (1) Application of proceeds, surplus, and
3deficiency if obligation secured. If a security interest or agricultural lien secures
4payment or performance of an obligation, the following rules apply:
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(a) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash proceeds of
6collection or enforcement under s. 409.607 in the following order to:
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1. The reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement and, to the extent
8provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney fees and
9legal expenses incurred by the secured party;
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2. The satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or
11agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made; and
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3. The satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest
13in or other lien on the collateral subject to the security interest or agricultural lien
14under which the collection or enforcement is made if the secured party receives an
15authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed.
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(b) If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate security interest
17or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable
18time. Unless the holder complies, the secured party need not comply with the
19holder's demand under par. (a) 3.
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(c) A secured party need not apply or pay over for application noncash proceeds
21of collection and enforcement under s. 409.607 unless the failure to do so would be
22commercially unreasonable. A secured party that applies or pays over for application
23noncash proceeds shall do so in a commercially reasonable manner.
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(d) A secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus, and the
25obligor is liable for any deficiency.
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1(2) No surplus or deficiency in sales of certain rights to payment. If the
2underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or
3promissory notes, the debtor is not entitled to any surplus, and the obligor is not
4liable for any deficiency.
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5409.609 Secured party's right to take possession after default. (1) 6Possession; rendering equipment unusable; disposition on debtor's premises. After
7default, a secured party:
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(a) May take possession of the collateral; and
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(b) Without removal, may render equipment unusable and dispose of collateral
10on a debtor's premises under s. 409.610.
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11(2) Judicial and nonjudicial process. A secured party may proceed under sub.
12(1):
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(a) Pursuant to judicial process; or
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(b) Without judicial process, if it proceeds without breach of the peace.
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15(3) Assembly of collateral. If so agreed, and in any event after default, a
16secured party may require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it
17available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which
18is reasonably convenient to both parties.
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19409.610 Disposition of collateral after default. (1)
Disposition after
20default. After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose
21of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially
22reasonable preparation or processing.
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23(2) Commercially reasonable disposition. Every aspect of a disposition of
24collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be
25commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose
1of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or
2in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.
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3(3) Purchase by secured party. A secured party may purchase collateral:
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(a) At a public disposition; or
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(b) At a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily
6sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price
7quotations.
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8(4) Warranties on disposition. A contract for sale, lease, license, or other
9disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment,
10and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property
11of the kind subject to the contract.
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12(5) Disclaimer of warranties. A secured party may disclaim or modify
13warranties under sub. (4):
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(a) In a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in
15a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition;
16or
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(b) By communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for
18disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties.
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19(6) Record sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim
20warranties under sub. (5) if it indicates "There is no warranty relating to title,
21possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition" or uses words of similar
22import.
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23409.611 Notification before disposition of collateral. (1) Notification
24date. In this section, "notification date" means the earlier of the date on which:
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1(a) A secured party sends to the debtor and any secondary obligor an
2authenticated notification of disposition; or
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(b) The debtor and any secondary obligor waive the right to notification.
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4(2) Notification of disposition required. Except as otherwise provided in sub.
5(4), a secured party that disposes of collateral under s. 409.610 shall send to the
6persons specified in sub. (3) a reasonable, authenticated notification of disposition.
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7(3) Persons to be notified. To comply with sub. (2), the secured party shall
8send an authenticated notification of disposition to:
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(a) The debtor;
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(b) Any secondary obligor; and
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(c) If the collateral is other than consumer goods:
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1. Any other person from which the secured party has received, before the
13notification date, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the
14collateral;
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2. Any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the notification
16date, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing
17of a financing statement that:
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a. Identified the collateral;
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b. Was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and
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c. Was filed in the office in which to file a financing statement against the debtor
21covering the collateral as of that date; and
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3. Any other secured party that, 10 days before the notification date, held a
23security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation,
24or treaty described in s. 409.311 (1).
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1(4) Subsection (2) inapplicable: perishable collateral; recognized market. 2Subsection (2) does not apply if the collateral is perishable or threatens to decline
3speedily in value or is of a type customarily sold on a recognized market.
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4(5) Compliance with sub. (3) (c) 2. A secured party complies with the
5requirement for notification prescribed by sub. (3) (c) 2. if:
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(a) Not later than 20 days or earlier than 30 days before the notification date,
7the secured party requests, in a commercially reasonable manner, information
8concerning financing statements indexed under the debtor's name in the office
9indicated in sub. (3) (c) 2.; and
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(b) Before the notification date, the secured party:
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1. Did not receive a response to the request for information; or
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2. Received a response to the request for information and sent an authenticated
13notification of disposition to each secured party or other lienholder named in that
14response whose financing statement covered the collateral.
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15409.612 Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral. (1)
16Reasonable time is question of fact. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (2),
17whether a notification is sent within a reasonable time is a question of fact.
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18(2) Ten-day period sufficient in nonconsumer transaction. In a transaction
19other than a consumer transaction, a notification of disposition sent after default and
2010 days or more before the earliest time of disposition set forth in the notification is
21sent within a reasonable time before the disposition.
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22409.613 Contents and form of notification before disposition of
23collateral: general. Except in a consumer-goods transaction, the following rules
24apply:
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1(1) Notification: when sufficient. The contents of a notification of disposition
2are sufficient if the notification:
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(a) Describes the debtor and the secured party;
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(b) Describes the collateral that is the subject of the intended disposition;
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(c) States the method of intended disposition;
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(d) States that the debtor is entitled to an accounting of the unpaid
7indebtedness and states the charge, if any, for an accounting; and
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(e) States the time and place of a public disposition or the time after which any
9other disposition is to be made.
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10(2) Notification: question of fact. Whether the contents of a notification that
11lacks any of the information specified in sub. (1) are nevertheless sufficient is a
12question of fact.
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13(3) Notification: other information or minor errors. The contents of a
14notification providing substantially the information specified in sub. (1) are
15sufficient, even if the notification includes:
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(a) Information not specified by sub. (1); or
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(b) Minor errors that are not seriously misleading.
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18(4) Substantial compliance. A particular phrasing of the notification is not
19required.
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20(5) Notification: form sufficient. The following form of notification and the
21form appearing in s. 409.614 (3), when completed, each provide sufficient
22information:
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23NOTIFICATION OF DISPOSITION
24
OF COLLATERAL
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To: .... [
Name of debtor, obligor, or other person to which the notification is sent]
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1From: .... [
Name, address, and telephone number of secured party]
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Name of Debtor(s): .... [
Include only if debtor(s) are not an addressee]
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[
For a public disposition]:
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We will sell [or lease or license, as
applicable] the .... [
describe collateral] [to the
5highest qualified bidder] in public as follows:
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Day and Date: ....
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[
For a private disposition]:
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We will sell [or lease or license,
as applicable] the .... [
describe collateral]
11privately sometime after .... [
day and date].
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You are entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness secured by the
13property that we intend to sell [or lease or license,
as applicable] [for a charge of $
14.... ]. You may request an accounting by calling us at .... [
telephone number].