AB495,3,14 14167.33 Snow sports. (1) Definitions. In this section:
AB495,3,1515 (a) "Affiliate" means:
AB495,3,1616 1. With respect to a partnership, each partner thereof.
AB495,3,1717 2. With respect to a limited liability company, each member thereof.
AB495,3,1918 3. With respect to a corporation, each officer, director, principal stockholder,
19and controlling member thereof.
AB495,3,2220 (b) "Competition" means any event authorized by a ski area operator, or by an
21agent of a ski area operator, that involves a comparison of skills used in one or more
22snow sports. "Competition" includes training sessions for such an event.
AB495,3,2523 (c) "Freestyle features" means man-made features that include boxes, jumps,
24hits, jibs, tabletops, spikes, take-off ramps, landings, banks, half pipes, picnic tables,
25logs, and pipes.
AB495,4,2
1(d) "Freestyling" means mogul jumping, mogul skiing, ski jumping, aerial
2skiing, ski cross, ski ballet, snowboarding, and any other similar snow sport.
AB495,4,53 (e) "Hazard" means any man-made or natural obstacle or hazard. "Hazard"
4includes ridges, sharp corners, jumps, bumps, moguls, valleys, dips, cliffs, ravines,
5and bodies of water.
AB495,4,76 (f) "Lift" means any aerial tramway or lift, a surface lift, a tow, or a conveyor
7used by a ski area operator to transport participants in snow sports at a ski area.
AB495,4,148 (g) "Participant in a snow sport" means an individual who is engaged in a snow
9sport or who is walking or otherwise traveling within a ski area for purposes of
10engaging in the sport. "Participant in a snow sport" also means an individual who
11is present at a ski area to observe others engaged in a snow sport or who is a
12passenger on a lift. "Participant in a snow sport" includes an individual that is an
13employee of a ski area operator when he or she is acting out the scope of his or her
14employment.
AB495,4,1715 (h) "Ski area" means trails, terrains, and other areas that are used by
16individuals engaged in snow sports and that is administered as a single enterprise
17by a ski area operator.
AB495,4,2018 (i) "Ski area infrastructure" means lifts and any associated components,
19snowmaking equipment and any associated components, and utility structures,
20buildings, huts, signs, lift mazes, fences, or other structures located within a ski area.
AB495,4,2321 (j) "Ski area operator" means a person that owns or is responsible for operating
22a ski area or its affiliates. "Ski area operator" includes the employees and agents of
23a ski area operator.
AB495,4,2524 (k) "Ski area vehicle" means a motorized vehicle used in the operation and
25maintenance of a ski area or used as transportation within a ski area.
AB495,5,2
1(L) "Skiing" means downhill skiing, alpine skiing, nordic skiing, cross-country
2skiing, telemarking, or snowboarding.
AB495,5,43 (m) "Sledding" means sliding down a prepared course on sleds, toboggans, ski
4bikes, or comparable devices. "Sledding" excludes tubing.
AB495,5,65 (n) "Snowmaking equipment" includes pipes, hoses, hydrants, snow guns, fans,
6wands, pumps, and any other equipment associated with making snow.
AB495,5,77 (o) "Snow sport" means skiing, sledding, tubing, or freestyling.
AB495,5,98 (p) "Tree skiing area" means an area open to skiing, that is not groomed for
9skiing, and that is forested.
AB495,5,1110 (q) "Tubing" means sliding down a prepared course on inflatable tubes,
11minibobs, or comparable devices.
AB495,5,13 12(2) Conditions and risks of snow sports. For purposes of this section,
13conditions and risks consist of all of the following:
AB495,5,1414 (a) Changes in weather or visibility.
AB495,5,1615 (b) The presence of surface or subsurface conditions, including any of the
16following:
AB495,5,1817 1. Snow, ice, crust, slush, soft spots, holes, grooves, bare spots, cuts, rocks,
18boulders, or tracks from ski area vehicles.
AB495,5,1919 2. Forest growth or debris, including stumps, logs, or brush.
AB495,5,2120 (c) Ridges, sharp corners, bumps, moguls, valleys, rollers, dips, cliffs, ravines,
21and double fall lines.
AB495,5,2422 (d) Variations in the difficulty of terrain, surface conditions, or subsurface
23conditions on a single trail or terrain or among trails or terrains that are designated
24the same level of difficulty at the ski area or at another ski area.
AB495,6,2
1(e) The risk of injury or death on trails and terrains that fall away or drop off
2toward hazards.
AB495,6,43 (f) The risk of collision with other participants in snow sports. employees of a
4ski area operator, ski area infrastructure, or ski area vehicles.
AB495,6,65 (g) Variation in the location, construction, configuration, or steepness of trails
6or terrains.
AB495,6,87 (h) The greater risk of collision, injury, or death in treed areas, in areas where
8competitions are held, and in areas where freestyling is allowed.
AB495,6,11 9(3) Duties of ski area operators; signage; notice. (a) Notice on tickets
10required.
Each ski area operator shall print on each ticket or season pass that it
11issues to participants in snow sports the following warning:
AB495,6,18 12"WARNING: Under Wisconsin law, each participant in a snow sport assumes
13the risk of injury or death to person or injury to property resulting from the
14conditions and risks that are considered to be inherent in a snow sport, has a number
15of duties that must be met while engaging in a snow sport, and is subject to
16limitations on the ability to recover damages from a ski area operator for injuries or
17death to a person or to property. A complete copy of this law is available for review
18at the main site where tickets to this ski area are sold."
AB495,6,2319 (b) Signs required; generally. Each ski area operator shall post and maintain
20a sign that is at least 10 square feet in size at or near each of the sites where tickets
21to the ski area are sold, at or near each of the entrances or lift loading areas for areas
22that are open to snow sports, and at or near each area open to sledding or tubing
23which is not served by a lift. The sign shall contain the following warning:
AB495,7,6 24"WARNING — ASSUMPTION OF RISKS: Under Wisconsin law, each
25participant in a snow sport is considered to have accepted and to have knowledge of

1the risk of injury or death to person or injury to property that may result. Under
2Wisconsin law, each participant in a snow sport has the duty to take the precautions
3that are necessary to avoid injury or death to person or injury to property. Wisconsin
4law sets forth certain other limitations on the liability of ski area operators for
5injuries or death to person or injury to property. A complete copy of this law is
6available for review at the main site where tickets to this ski area are sold."
AB495,7,97 (c) Copies of law. Each ski area operator shall post and maintain a current copy
8of all of the provisions of this section at the main site where tickets to the ski area
9are sold and shall make a copy of it for any individual upon request.
AB495,7,1310 (d) Signs required; skiing or sledding areas. In addition to the sign required
11under par. (b), each ski area operator shall post and maintain a sign that is at least
1210 square feet in size at or near each entrance to a loading area of a lift that serves
13areas open to skiing or sledding. The sign shall contain the following warning:
AB495,7,16 14"WARNING — DUTIES OF INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN SKIING OR
15SLEDDING: Under Wisconsin law, each individual engaged in skiing or sledding
16has a duty to do all of the following:
AB495,7,1717 1. Obey all posted warnings and signs.
AB495,7,1818 2. Keep off of closed trails and out of closed areas.
AB495,7,2019 3. Know the range of his or her ability and engage in skiing or sledding within
20that ability.
AB495,7,2221 4. Assess the difficulty of the trails and terrains that are open to skiing or
22sledding.
AB495,7,2323 5. Maintain control of his or her speed and direction.
AB495,7,2424 6. Be able to stop or avoid other individuals or objects.
AB495,8,2
17. Yield to other individuals engaged in skiing or sledding who are ahead or who
2are down the slope.
AB495,8,43 8. Not stop at a point that will result in the individual obstructing a trail or not
4being visible from above.
AB495,8,65 9. Yield to other individuals engaged in skiing or sledding who are uphill when
6starting downhill or when merging onto a trail.
AB495,8,87 10. Be able to safely board, ride, and deboard any lift serving an area open to
8skiing or sledding.
AB495,8,99 11. Board and deboard a lift only at designated sites."
AB495,8,1410 (e) Signs required; tubing areas. In addition to the sign required under par. (b),
11each ski area operator shall post and maintain a sign that is at least 10 square feet
12in size at or near each entrance to a loading area of a lift that serves areas open to
13tubing or at or near an entrance of an area open to tubing that is not served by a lift.
14The sign shall contain the following warning:
AB495,8,17 15"WARNING — DUTIES OF INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN TUBING: Under
16Wisconsin law, each individual engaged in sledding has a duty to do all of the
17following:
AB495,8,1818 1. Obey all posted warnings and signs.
AB495,8,1919 2. Keep out of closed areas.
AB495,8,2020 3. Know the range of his or her ability and engage in tubing within that ability.
AB495,8,2121 4. Assess the difficulty of the terrain that is open to tubing.
AB495,8,2322 5. Maintain control of the speed and direction of the tube or other device that
23is being used.
AB495,8,2524 6. Comply with any posted limits imposed on the number of passengers or on
25the amount of weight of the tube or other device while it is being ridden.
AB495,9,2
17. Be able to safely board, ride, and deboard any lift serving an area open to
2tubing.
AB495,9,33 8. Board and deboard a lift only at designated sites.
AB495,9,54 9. Yield to other individuals engaged in tubing who are ahead or who are down
5the the slope.
AB495,9,76 10. Look uphill and yield to oncoming tubes before leaving the bottom of the
7hill at the end of a run.
AB495,9,148 (f) Signs required; trails and terrains. Each ski area operator shall designate
9the trails that are open for skiing in its ski area and shall determine the difficulty
10level of each trail. The ski area operator shall post and maintain a sign at or near
11the beginning of each trail. The sign shall contain the name of the trail and all of the
12applicable wording and emblems specified in this paragraph to describe the difficulty
13level of the trail or terrain. The sign shall be at least 4 square feet in size. Each sign
14shall contain one or more of the following designations that are applicable:
AB495,9,1515 1. The word "easier" with an emblem consisting of a green circle.
AB495,9,1716 2. The words "difficult" or "more difficult" with an emblem consisting of a blue
17square.
AB495,9,1818 3. The words "most difficult" with an emblem consisting of a black diamond.
AB495,9,2019 4. The word "expert" or "extreme" with an emblem consisting of 2 black
20diamonds.
AB495,9,2221 5. The words "freestyling area ahead" with an emblem consisting of an orange
22oval.
AB495,9,2423 6. The words "tree skiing — caution." The sign shall have an orange
24background or orange lettering with a black or white background and shall contain

1the additional statement: "This back country trail is not groomed or patrolled —
2Never ski here alone."
AB495,10,113 (g) Areas open to freestyling; signs and barricades required. A ski area operator
4shall designate an area as an area for freestyling if it contains one or more freestyle
5features. A ski area operator shall construct and maintain a barricade with fencing,
6roping, or similar means at the entrance to such an area. The opening in the
7barricade may not be wider than 30 feet. The ski area operator shall post and
8maintain a sign at or near the entrance of the area that is at least 3 square feet in
9size and that shows the boundaries of the area open to freestyling. The sign shall
10contain emblems consisting of a stop sign and orange oval. The sign shall contain
11all of the following:
AB495,10,1212 1. The words "freestyling skills required."
AB495,10,1313 2. The words "helmets are recommended" or "consider wearing a helmet."
AB495,10,1814 (h) Lifts; signs required. For each lift that is used by individuals engaged in
15skiing and that does not serve any trail that is described under par. (f) as "easier,"
16the ski operator shall post and maintain, at or near the loading area for the lift a sign
17that is at least 10 square feet in size near or at the entrance of the loading area. The
18sign shall contain the following warning:
AB495,10,23 19"WARNING: This lift does not serve any trails that are "easier" (marked with
20a green circle emblem). All of the trails served by this lift are "difficult" or "more
21difficult" (marked with a blue square emblem), "most difficult" (marked with a black
22diamond emblem), "expert" or "extreme terrain" (marked with an emblem consisting
23of 2 black diamonds), or "freestyling terrain ahead" (marked with an orange oval)."
AB495,11,224 (i) Variation of signs. 1. In lieu of posting and maintaining each of the separate
25signs required under par. (b) and par. (d) or (e), a ski area operator may post and

1maintain a single sign that is at least 12 square feet in size and that contains all of
2the required warnings.
AB495,11,63 2. A ski area operator may vary from the specific wording, size, and location
4requirements for signs specified under this subsection, but any variation may not
5preclude a reasonably prudent participant in a snow sport from finding or
6understanding the contents of the sign.
AB495,11,13 7(4) Duties of ski area owners; other duties. (a) Maps. Each ski area operator
8shall post and maintain a map of the trails and terrains in the ski area that are
9designated for any snow sport at all of the sites where tickets to the ski area are sold
10if the ski area has more than 3 trails. The map shall contain the names of each trail
11or terrain and a description of the level of difficulty for each trail as determined by
12the ski area operator under sub. (3) (f). The sign shall be at least 32 square feet in
13size.
AB495,11,1614 (b) Ski area vehicles. Each ski area operator shall ensure that each ski area
15vehicle that is present on a trail during the hours in which a lift is being operated
16shall display all of the following:
AB495,11,1817 1. A flashing light on or near the top of the ski area vehicle whenever the ski
18area vehicle's engine is on.
AB495,11,2219 2. If the ski area vehicle is an all-terrain vehicle, a snowmobile, or a similarly
20sized motorized vehicle, in addition to the flashing light as specified in subd. 1., a red
21or orange flag that is at least 40 square inches in size and that is mounted at least
225 feet from the bottom of the tracks or tires.
AB495,12,223 (c) Lift inspections. Annually, a ski area operator shall have all of the lifts
24located in its ski area inspected by a qualified lift inspector to determine whether the

1lift is in compliance with the rules promulgated by the department of safety and
2professional services.
AB495,12,43 (d) Lift inspectors. In order to be a qualified lift inspector for purposes of par.
4(c), an individual shall be either or both of the following:
AB495,12,65 1. An individual authorized by the department of safety and professional
6services to make inspections of lifts pursuant to ch. 101.
AB495,12,87 2. An individual who has knowledge of the requirements of the rules specified
8in par. (c) and of the design and operation of lifts and who has one of the following:
AB495,12,99 a. A degree of engineering from a recognized university.
AB495,12,1110 b. Experience as an inspector of lifts for an insurance company that has
11provided liability insurance coverage to any ski area.
AB495,12,14 12(5) Duties of individuals engaged in snow sports. (a) Safety rules; skiing and
13sledding.
Each individual engaged in skiing or sledding at a ski area has a duty to
14do all the following:
AB495,12,1515 1. Obey all posted warnings and signs.
AB495,12,1616 2. Keep off of closed trails and out of closed areas.
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