54.25(2)(b)
(b)
Rights retained by individuals determined incompetent. An individual determined incompetent retains the power to exercise all of the following rights, without consent of the guardian:
54.25(2)(b)1.
1. To have access to and communicate privately with the court and with governmental representatives, including the right to have input into plans for support services, the right to initiate grievances, including under state and federal law regarding resident or patient rights, and the right to participate in administrative hearings and court proceedings.
54.25(2)(b)2.
2. To have access to, communicate privately with, and retain legal counsel. Fees are to be paid from the income and assets of the ward, subject to court approval.
54.25(2)(b)3.
3. To have access to and communicate privately with representatives of the protection and advocacy agency under
s. 51.62 and the board on aging and long-term care.
54.25(2)(b)4.
4. To protest a residential placement made under
s. 55.055, and to be discharged from a residential placement unless the individual is protectively placed under
ch. 55 or the requirements of
s. 55.135 (1) are met.
54.25(2)(b)5.
5. To petition for court review of guardianship, protective services, protective placement, or commitment orders.
54.25(2)(b)6.
6. To give or withhold a consent reserved to the individual under
ch. 51.
54.25(2)(b)7.
7. To exercise any other rights specifically reserved to the individual by statute or the constitutions of the state or the United States, including the rights to free speech, freedom of association, and the free exercise of religious expression.
54.25(2)(c)
(c)
Declaration of incompetence to exercise certain rights. 54.25(2)(c)1.1. The court may, as part of a proceeding under
s. 54.44 in which an individual is found incompetent and a guardian is appointed, declare that the individual has incapacity to exercise one or more of the following rights:
54.25(2)(c)1.d.
d. The right to apply for an operator's license, a license issued under
ch. 29, or a credential, as defined in
s. 440.01 (2) (a), if the court finds that the individual is incapable of understanding the nature and risks of the licensed or credentialed activity, to the extent that engaging in the activity would pose a substantial risk of physical harm to the individual or others. A failure to find that an individual is incapable of applying for a license or credential is not a finding that the individual qualifies for the license or credential under applicable laws and rules.
54.25(2)(c)1.e.
e. The right to consent to sterilization, if the court finds that the individual is incapable of understanding the nature, risk, and benefits of sterilization, after the nature, risk, and benefits have been presented in a form that the individual is most likely to understand.
54.25(2)(c)1.f.
f. The right to consent to organ, tissue, or bone marrow donation.
54.25(2)(c)1.g.
g. The right to register to vote or to vote in an election, if the court finds that the individual is incapable of understanding the objective of the elective process. Also, in accordance with
s. 6.03 (3), any elector of a municipality may petition the circuit court for a determination that an individual residing in the municipality is incapable of understanding the objective of the elective process and thereby ineligible to register to vote or to vote in an election. This determination shall be made by the court in accordance with the procedures specified in this paragraph. If a petition is filed under this
subd. 1. g., the finding of the court shall be limited to a determination as to voting eligibility. The appointment of a guardian is not required for an individual whose sole limitation is ineligibility to vote. The determination of the court shall be communicated in writing by the clerk of court to the election official or agency charged under
s. 6.48,
6.92,
6.925,
6.93, or
7.52 (5) with the responsibility for determining challenges to registration and voting that may be directed against that elector. The determination may be reviewed as provided in
s. 54.64 (2) and any subsequent determination of the court shall be likewise communicated by the clerk of court.
54.25(2)(c)2.
2. Any finding under
subd. 1. that an individual lacks evaluative capacity to exercise a right must be based on clear and convincing evidence. In the absence of such a finding, the right is retained by the individual.
54.25(2)(c)3.
3. If an individual is declared not competent to exercise a right under
subd. 1. or
4., a guardian may not exercise the right or provide consent for exercise of the right on behalf of the individual. If the court finds with respect to a right listed under
subd. 1. a.,
d.,
e., or
f. that the individual is competent to exercise the right under some but not all circumstances, the court may order that the individual retains the right to exercise the right only with consent of the guardian of the person.
54.25(2)(c)4.
4. Regardless of whether a guardian is appointed, a court may declare that an individual is not competent to exercise the right to register to vote or to vote in an election if it finds by clear and convincing evidence that the individual is incapable of understanding the objective of the elective process. If the petition for a declaration of incompetence to vote is not part of a petition for guardianship, the same procedures shall apply as would apply for a petition for guardianship. The determination of the court shall be communicated in writing by the clerk of court to the election official or agency charged under
s. 6.48,
6.92,
6.925, or
6.93 with the responsibility for determining challenges to registration and voting that may be directed against that elector. The determination may be reviewed as provided in
s. 54.64 (2) (a) and
(c) and any subsequent determination of the court shall be likewise communicated by the clerk of court.
54.25(2)(d)
(d)
Guardian authority to exercise certain powers. 54.25(2)(d)1.1. A court may authorize a guardian of the person to exercise all or part of any of the powers specified in
subd. 2. only if it finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that the individual lacks evaluative capacity to exercise the power. The court shall authorize the guardian of the person to exercise only those powers that are necessary to provide for the individual's personal needs, safety, and rights and to exercise the powers in a manner that is appropriate to the individual and that constitutes the least restrictive form of intervention. The court may limit the authority of the guardian of the person with respect to any power to allow the individual to retain power to make decisions about which the individual is able effectively to receive and evaluate information and communicate decisions. When a court appoints a guardian for a minor, the guardian shall be granted care, custody, and control of the person of the minor.
54.25(2)(d)2.ab.
ab. Except as provided under
subd. 2. b.,
c., and
d., and except for consent to psychiatric treatment and medication under
ch. 51, and subject to any limitation under
s. 54.46 (2) (b), the power to give an informed consent to the voluntary receipt by the guardian's ward of a medical examination, medication, including any appropriate psychotropic medication, and medical treatment that is in the ward's best interest, if the guardian has first made a good-faith attempt to discuss with the ward the voluntary receipt of the examination, medication, or treatment and if the ward does not protest. For purposes of this
subd. 2. ab., "protest" means, with respect to the voluntary receipt of a medical examination, medication, including appropriate psychotropic medication, or medical treatment, make more than one discernible negative response, other than mere silence, to the offer of, recommendation for, or other proffering of voluntary receipt of the medical examination, medication, or medical treatment. "Protest" does not mean a discernible negative response to a proposed method of administration of the medical examination, medication, or medical treatment. In determining whether a medical examination, medication, or medical treatment is in the ward's best interest, the guardian shall consider the invasiveness of the medical examination, medication, or treatment and the likely benefits and side effects of the medical examination, medication, or treatment.
54.25(2)(d)2.ac.
ac. Except as provided under
subd. 2. b.,
c., and
d., and except for consent to psychiatric treatment and medication under
ch. 51, and subject to any limitation under
s. 54.46 (2) (b), the power to give informed consent, if in the ward's best interests, to the involuntary administration of a medical examination, medication other than psychotropic medication, and medical treatment that is in the ward's best interest. A guardian may consent to the involuntary administration of psychotropic medication only under a court order under
s. 55.14. In determining whether involuntary administration of a medical examination, medication other than psychotropic medication, or medical treatment is in the ward's best interest, the guardian shall consider the invasiveness of the medical examination, medication, or treatment and the likely benefits and side effects of the medical examination, medication, or treatment.
54.25(2)(d)2.b.
b. Unless it can be shown by clear and convincing evidence that the ward would never have consented to research participation, the power to authorize the ward's participation in an accredited or certified research project if the research might help the ward; or if the research might not help the ward but might help others, and the research involves no more than minimal risk of harm to the ward.
54.25(2)(d)2.c.
c. The power to authorize the ward's participation in research that might not help the ward but might help others even if the research involves greater than minimal risk of harm to the ward if the guardian can establish by clear and convincing evidence that the ward would have elected to participate in such research; and the proposed research was reviewed and approved by the research and human rights committee of the institution conducting the research. The committee shall have determined that the research complies with the principles of the statement on the use of human subjects for research adopted by the American Association on Mental Deficiency, and with the federal regulations for research involving human subjects for federally supported projects.
54.25(2)(d)2.d.
d. Unless it can be shown by clear and convincing evidence that the ward would never have consented to any experimental treatment, the power to consent to experimental treatment if the court finds that the ward's mental or physical status presents a life-threatening condition; the proposed experimental treatment may be a life saving remedy; all other reasonable traditional alternatives have been exhausted; 2 examining physicians have recommended the treatment; and, in the court's judgment, the proposed experimental treatment is in the ward's best interests.
54.25(2)(d)2.e.
e. The power to give informed consent to receipt by the ward of social and supported living services.
54.25(2)(d)2.f.
f. The power to give informed consent to release of confidential records other than court, treatment, and patient health care records and to redisclosure as appropriate.
54.25(2)(d)2.g.
g. The power to make decisions related to mobility and travel.
54.25(2)(d)2.i.
i. The power to choose providers of medical, social, and supported living services.
54.25(2)(d)2.j.
j. The power to make decisions regarding educational and vocational placement and support services or employment.
54.25(2)(d)2.k.
k. The power to make decisions regarding initiating a petition for the termination of marriage.
54.25(2)(d)2.m.
m. The power to act in all proceedings as an advocate of the ward, except the power to enter into a contract that binds the ward or the ward's property or to represent the ward in any legal proceedings pertaining to the property, unless the guardian of the person is also the guardian of the estate.
54.25(2)(d)2.o.
o. The power to have custody of the ward, if an adult, and the power to have care, custody, and control of the ward, if a minor.
54.25(2)(d)3.
3. In exercising powers and duties delegated to the guardian of the person under this paragraph, the guardian of the person shall, consistent with meeting the individual's essential requirements for health and safety and protecting the individual from abuse, exploitation, and neglect, do all of the following:
54.25(2)(d)3.a.
a. Place the least possible restriction on the individual's personal liberty and exercise of constitutional and statutory rights, and promote the greatest possible integration of the individual into his or her community.
54.25(2)(d)3.b.
b. Make diligent efforts to identify and honor the individual's preferences with respect to choice of place of living, personal liberty and mobility, choice of associates, communication with others, personal privacy, and choices related to sexual expression and procreation. In making a decision to act contrary to the individual's expressed wishes, the guardian shall take into account the individual's understanding of the nature and consequences of the decision, the level of risk involved, the value of the opportunity for the individual to develop decision-making skills, and the need of the individual for wider experience.
54.25(2)(d)3.c.
c. Consider whether the ward's estate is sufficient to pay for the needed services.
54.25 Annotation
The guardian of an incompetent person in a persistent vegetative state may consent to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining medical treatment without prior court approval if the guardian determines that the withdrawal or withholding is in the ward's best interests. In Matter of Guardianship of L.W.
167 Wis. 2d 53,
482 N.W.2d 60 (1992).
54.25 Annotation
The guardian of a person who became incompetent after voluntarily entering a nursing home with 16 or more beds may not consent to the person's continued residence in the home. Upon the appointment of a guardian, the court must hold a protective placement hearing. Guardianship of Agnes T.
189 Wis. 2d 520,
525 N.W.2d 268 (1995). See also s. 54.34 (2m).
54.25 Annotation
A guardian may not sue for the loss of society and companionship of a ward, nor bring a separate claim for costs incurred or income lost on account of injuries to the ward. Conant v. Physicians Plus Medical Group, Inc.
229 Wis. 2d 271,
600 N.W.2d 21 (Ct. App. 1999),
98-3285.
54.25 Annotation
The holding in Guardianship of L.W. does not extend to persons who are not in a persistent vegetative state. However, if the guardian of the person not in a persistent vegetative state demonstrates by a clear statement of the ward made while competent that withdrawal of medical treatment is desired, it is in the patient's best interest to honor those wishes. Spahn v. Eiseberg,
210 Wis. 2d 557,
563 N.W.2d 485 (1997),
95-2719.
54.25 Note
NOTE: The above annotations relate to guardianships under ch. 880, stats., prior to the revision of and renumbering of that chapter to ch. 54 by
2005 Wis. Act 387.
PROCEDURES
54.30
54.30
Jurisdiction and venue. 54.30(1)
(1)
Jurisdiction. Except as provided in
s. 54.38 (1), the circuit court has subject matter jurisdiction over all petitions for guardianship. A guardianship of the estate of any individual, once granted, shall extend to all of the ward's income and assets in this state and shall exclude the jurisdiction of every other circuit court, except as provided in
ch. 786. Jurisdiction under this subsection also extends to the petition by a foreign guardian for the receipt and acceptance of a foreign guardianship, except as provided in
s. 54.38 (1m) and, if the petition is granted, to the accepted guardianship.
54.30(2)
(2) Venue. All petitions for guardianship of residents of the state shall be directed to the circuit court of the county of residence of the proposed ward or of the county in which the proposed ward is physically present. A petition for guardianship of the person or estate of a nonresident may be directed to the circuit court of any county in which the nonresident or any assets of the nonresident may be found or of the county in which the petitioner proposes that the proposed ward resides. A petition for receipt and acceptance of a foreign guardianship shall be directed to the circuit court of the county in which the foreign ward resides or intends to reside.
54.30(3)(a)(a)
Original proceeding. The court in which a petition is first filed shall determine venue. The court shall direct that proper notice be given to any potentially responsible or affected county. Proper notice is given to a potentially responsible or affected county if written notice of the proceeding is sent by certified mail to the county's clerk and corporation counsel. After all potentially responsible or affected counties and parties have been given an opportunity to be heard, the court shall determine that venue lies in the county in which the petition is filed under
sub. (2) or in another county, as appropriate. If the court determines that venue lies in another county, the court shall order the entire record certified to the proper court. A court in which a subsequent petition is filed shall, if it is satisfied that an earlier filing took place in another court, summarily dismiss the petition. If any potentially responsible or affected county or party objects to the court's finding of venue, the court may refer the issue to the department for a determination of the county of residence under
s. 51.40 (2) (g) and may suspend ruling on the motion for change of venue until the determination under
s. 51.40 (2) (g) is final.
54.30(3)(b)
(b) Change of residence of ward. If a ward changes residence from one county to another county within the state, venue may be transferred to the ward's new county of residence under the following procedure:
54.30(3)(b)1.
1. An interested person shall file a petition for change of venue in the county in which venue for the guardianship currently lies.
54.30(3)(b)2.
2. The person filing the petition under
subd. 1. shall give notice to the corporation counsel of the county in which venue for the guardianship currently lies and to the register in probate and corporation counsel for the county to which change of venue is sought.
54.30(3)(b)3.
3. If no objection to the change of venue is made within 15 days after the date on which notice is given under
subd. 2., the circuit court of the county in which venue for the guardianship currently lies may enter an order changing venue. If objection to the change of venue is made within 15 days after the date on which notice is given under
subd. 2., the circuit court of the county in which venue for the guardianship currently lies shall set a date for a hearing within 7 days after the objection is made and shall give notice of the hearing to the corporation counsel of that county and to the corporation counsel and register in probate of the county to which change of venue is sought.
54.30 History
History: 2005 a. 387 ss.
100,
306,
313 to
316.
54.30 Annotation
Standards for courts to follow when confronted with the transfer of interstate guardianships based on principles of comity and the orderly administration of justice are set out. Grant County Department of Social Services v. Unified Board of Grant and Iowa Counties,
2005 WI 106,
283 Wis. 2d 258,
700 N.W.2d 863,
03-0634.
54.30 Note
NOTE: The above annotations relate to guardianships under ch. 880, stats., prior to the revision of and renumbering of that chapter to ch. 54 by
2005 Wis. Act 387.
54.34
54.34
Petition for guardianship or for receipt and acceptance of a foreign guardianship. 54.34(1)
(1) Any person may petition for the appointment of a guardian for an individual. The petition shall state all of the following, if known to the petitioner:
54.34(1)(a)
(a) The name, date of birth, residence and post-office address of the proposed ward.
54.34(1)(b)
(b) The specific nature of the proposed ward's alleged incapacity or spendthrift habits.
54.34(1)(c)
(c) The approximate value of the proposed ward's property and a general description of its nature.
54.34(1)(d)
(d) Any assets of the proposed ward previously derived from or benefits of the proposed ward now due and payable from the U.S. department of veterans affairs.
54.34(1)(e)
(e) Any other claim, income, compensation, pension, insurance or allowance to which the proposed ward may be entitled.
54.34(1)(f)
(f) Whether the proposed ward has any guardian presently.
54.34(1)(g)
(g) The name and post-office address of any person nominated as guardian by the petitioner.
54.34(1)(h)
(h) The names and post-office addresses of all interested parties.
54.34(1)(i)
(i) The name and post-office address of the person or institution, if any, that has care and custody of the proposed ward or the facility, if any, that is providing care to the proposed ward.
54.34(1)(j)
(j) The interest of the petitioner, and, if a public official is the petitioner, the authority of the petitioner to act.
54.34(1)(k)
(k) Whether the proposed ward is a recipient of a public benefit, including medical assistance or a benefit under
s. 46.27.
54.34(1)(L)
(L) The agent under any current, valid power of attorney for health care or durable power of attorney that the proposed ward has executed.
54.34(1)(m)
(m) Whether the petitioner is requesting a full or limited guardianship and, if limited, the specific authority sought by the petitioner for the guardian or the specific rights of the individual that the petitioner seeks to have removed or transferred.
54.34(1)(n)
(n) Whether the proposed ward, if married, has children who are not children of the current marriage.
54.34(1)(p)
(p) Whether the petitioner is aware of any guardianship or conservatorship or related pending or ordered proceeding involving the proposed ward in another state or county and, if so, the details of the guardianship, conservationship, or related processings.
54.34(2)
(2) A petition for guardianship may include an application for protective placement or protective services or both under
ch. 55.
54.34(2m)
(2m) Whenever a petition for guardianship on the ground of incompetency is filed with respect to an individual who resides in a facility licensed for 16 or more beds, a petition for protective placement of the individual shall also be filed.
54.34(3)
(3) A petition for the receipt and acceptance by this state of a foreign guardianship of a foreign ward who resides in or intends to move to this state may include other petitions related to the foreign guardianship, such as a petition to modify the terms of the foreign guardianship, and shall include all of the following:
54.34(3)(a)
(a) A certified copy of the foreign guardianship order that includes all of the following:
54.34(3)(a)1.
1. All attachments that describe the duties and powers of the foreign guardian.
54.34(3)(a)2.
2. All amendments or modifications to the foreign guardianship order that were entered after issuance of the original foreign guardianship order, including any order to transfer the foreign guardianship.
54.34(3)(b)
(b) The address of the foreign court that issued the foreign guardianship order.
54.34(3)(c)
(c) A listing of any other guardianship petitions for the foreign ward that are pending or that have been filed in any jurisdiction at any time within 24 months before the filing of the petition under this subsection and the names and addresses of the courts in which the petitions have been filed.
54.34(3)(d)
(d) The petitioner's name, residence, current address, and any relationship of the petitioner to the foreign ward other than as foreign guardian.
