968.07 Annotation
The fact that a witness had identified the defendant by photograph was sufficient to support an arrest, even though the witness was not allowed to identify the defendant at the trial. State v. Wallace,
59 Wis. 2d 66,
207 N.W.2d 855 (1973).
968.07 Annotation
When an officer, mistakenly believing in good faith that the occupants of a car had committed a crime, stopped a car and arrested the occupants, the arrest was illegal, but a shotgun in plain sight on the back seat could be seized and used in evidence. State v. Taylor,
60 Wis. 2d 506,
210 N.W.2d 873 (1973).
968.07 Annotation
Enforcement officers may make constitutionally valid arrests without warrants under sub. (1) (d) if they have reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed a crime. Rinehart v. State,
63 Wis. 2d 760,
218 N.W.2d 323 (1974).
968.07 Annotation
The police force is considered as a unit. If there is a police-channeled communication to the arresting officer who acts in good faith, the arrest is based on probable cause when facts exist within the police department. State v. Shears,
68 Wis. 2d 217,
229 N.W.2d 103 (1975).
968.07 Annotation
When bags were heavy and contained brick-like objects obtained in an overnight trip and the defendant's house was under surveillance, there was probable cause for arrest for possession of marijuana. State v. Phelps,
73 Wis. 2d 313,
243 N.W.2d 213 (1976).
968.07 Annotation
The test under sub. (1) (d) is whether the arresting officer could have obtained a warrant on the basis of information known prior to the arrest. Police may rely on eyewitness reports of citizen informers. Loveday v. State,
74 Wis. 2d 503,
247 N.W.2d 116 (1976).
968.07 Annotation
An officer may make a warrantless arrest for an ordinance violation if a statutory counterpart of the ordinance exists. City of Madison v. Ricky Two Crow,
88 Wis. 2d 156,
276 N.W.2d 359 (Ct. App. 1979).
968.07 Annotation
Evidence obtained during a mistaken arrest is admissible as long as the arresting officer acted in good faith and had reasonable, articulable grounds to believe that the suspect was the intended arrestee. State v. Lee,
97 Wis. 2d 679,
294 N.W.2d 547 (Ct. App. 1980).
968.07 Annotation
An arrest by an out-of-state police officer was a valid citizen's arrest. State v. Slawek,
114 Wis. 2d 332,
338 N.W.2d 120 (Ct. App. 1983).
968.07 Annotation
When a defendant's mother admitted police into her home to talk to her son, the subsequent arrest of her son was valid. State v. Rodgers,
119 Wis. 2d 102,
349 N.W.2d 453 (1984).
968.07 Annotation
Municipal police may arrest and detain a person for whom another municipality in another county has issued a civil arrest warrant. 61 Atty. Gen. 275.
968.07 Annotation
A city police officer is a law enforcement officer and traffic officer within s. 345.22. 61 Atty. Gen. 419.
968.07 Note
NOTE: See also the notes to Article I, section 11, of the Wisconsin Constitution.
968.073
968.073
Recording custodial interrogations. 968.073(1)(a)
(a) "Custodial interrogation" means an interrogation by a law enforcement officer or an agent of a law enforcement agency of a person suspected of committing a crime from the time the suspect is or should be informed of his or her rights to counsel and to remain silent until the questioning ends, during which the officer or agent asks a question that is reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response and during which a reasonable person in the suspect's position would believe that he or she is in custody or otherwise deprived of his or her freedom of action in any significant way.
968.073(2)
(2) It is the policy of this state to make an audio or audio and visual recording of a custodial interrogation of a person suspected of committing a felony unless a condition under
s. 972.115 (2) (a) 1. to
6. applies or good cause is shown for not making an audio or audio and visual recording of the interrogation.
968.073(3)
(3) A law enforcement officer or agent of a law enforcement agency conducting a custodial interrogation is not required to inform the subject of the interrogation that the officer or agent is making an audio or audio and visual recording of the interrogation.
968.073 History
History: 2005 a. 60.
968.073 Annotation
Instituting Innocence Reform: Wisconsin's New Government Experiment. Kruse. 2006 WLR 645.
968.075
968.075
Domestic abuse incidents; arrest and prosecution. 968.075(1)(a)
(a) "Domestic abuse" means any of the following engaged in by an adult person against his or her spouse or former spouse, against an adult with whom the person resides or formerly resided or against an adult with whom the person has a child in common:
968.075(1)(a)1.
1. Intentional infliction of physical pain, physical injury or illness.
968.075(1)(a)4.
4. A physical act that may cause the other person reasonably to fear imminent engagement in the conduct described under
subd. 1.,
2. or
3.
968.075(1)(d)
(d) "Party" means a person involved in a domestic abuse incident.
968.075(1)(e)
(e) "Predominant aggressor" means the most significant, but not necessarily the first, aggressor in a domestic abuse incident.
968.075 Note
NOTE: Par. (e) is shown as renumbered from par. (c) by the legislative reference bureau under s. 13.92 (1) (bm) 2.
968.075(2)
(2) Circumstances requiring arrest; presumption against certain arrests. 968.075(2)(a)(a) Notwithstanding
s. 968.07 (1) and except as provided in
pars. (am) and
(b), a law enforcement officer shall arrest and take a person into custody if:
968.075(2)(a)1.
1. The officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is committing or has committed domestic abuse and that the person's actions constitute the commission of a crime; and
968.075(2)(a)2.a.
a. The officer has a reasonable basis for believing that continued domestic abuse against the alleged victim is likely.
968.075(2)(ar)
(ar) In order to protect victims from continuing domestic abuse, a law enforcement officer shall consider all of the following in identifying the predominant aggressor:
968.075(2)(ar)1.
1. The history of domestic abuse between the parties, if it can be reasonably ascertained by the officer, and any information provided by witnesses regarding that history.
968.075(2)(ar)4.
4. The extent to which each person present appears to fear any party.
968.075(2)(ar)5.
5. Whether any party is threatening or has threatened future harm against another party or another family or household member.
968.075(2)(ar)6.
6. Whether either party acted in self-defense or in defense of any other person under the circumstances described in
s. 939.48.
968.075(2)(b)
(b) If the officer's reasonable grounds for belief under
par. (a) 1. are based on a report of an alleged domestic abuse incident, the officer is required to make an arrest under
par. (a) only if the report is received, within 28 days after the day the incident is alleged to have occurred, by the officer or the law enforcement agency that employs the officer.
968.075(2m)
(2m) Immediate release prohibited. Unless
s. 968.08 applies, a law enforcement officer may not release a person whose arrest was required under
sub. (2) until the person posts bail under
s. 969.07 or appears before a judge under
s. 970.01 (1).
968.075(3)(a)(a) Each law enforcement agency shall develop, adopt and implement written policies regarding arrest procedures for domestic abuse incidents. The policies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
968.075(3)(a)1.a.a. A statement emphasizing that in most circumstances, other than those under
sub. (2), a law enforcement officer should arrest and take a person into custody if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person is committing or has committed domestic abuse and that the person's actions constitute the commission of a crime.
968.075(3)(a)1.c.
c. A statement emphasizing that a law enforcement officer's decision as to whether or not to arrest under this section may not be based on the consent of the victim to any subsequent prosecution or on the relationship of the parties.
968.075(3)(a)1.d.
d. A statement emphasizing that a law enforcement officer's decision not to arrest under this section may not be based solely upon the absence of visible indications of injury or impairment.
968.075(3)(a)1.e.
e. A statement discouraging, but not prohibiting, the arrest of more than one party.
968.075(3)(a)1.f.
f. A statement emphasizing that a law enforcement officer, in determining whether to arrest a party, should consider whether he or she acted in self-defense or in defense of another person.
968.075(3)(a)2.
2. A procedure for the written report and referral required under
sub. (4).
968.075(3)(a)3.
3. A procedure for notifying the alleged victim of the incident of the provisions in
sub. (5), the procedure for releasing the arrested person and the likelihood and probable time of the arrested person's release.
968.075(3)(b)
(b) In the development of these policies, each law enforcement agency is encouraged to consult with community organizations and other law enforcement agencies with expertise in the recognition and handling of domestic abuse incidents.
968.075(3)(c)
(c) This subsection does not limit the authority of a law enforcement agency to establish policies that require arrests under more circumstances than those set forth in
sub. (2), but the policies may not conflict with the presumption under
sub. (2) (am).
968.075(4)
(4) Report required where no arrest. If a law enforcement officer does not make an arrest under this section when the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that a person is committing or has committed domestic abuse and that person's acts constitute the commission of a crime, the officer shall prepare a written report stating why the person was not arrested. The report shall be sent to the district attorney's office, in the county where the acts took place, immediately after investigation of the incident has been completed. The district attorney shall review the report to determine whether the person involved in the incident should be charged with the commission of a crime.
968.075(5)(a)1.1. Unless there is a waiver under
par. (c), during the 72 hours immediately following an arrest for a domestic abuse incident, the arrested person shall avoid the residence of the alleged victim of the domestic abuse incident and, if applicable, any premises temporarily occupied by the alleged victim, and avoid contacting or causing any person, other than law enforcement officers and attorneys for the arrested person and alleged victim, to contact the alleged victim.
968.075(5)(a)2.
2. An arrested person who intentionally violates this paragraph may be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months or both.
968.075(5)(b)1.1. Unless there is a waiver under
par. (c), a law enforcement officer or other person who releases a person arrested for a domestic abuse incident from custody less than 72 hours after the arrest shall inform the arrested person orally and in writing of the requirements under
par. (a), the consequences of violating the requirements and the provisions of
s. 939.621. The arrested person shall sign an acknowledgment on the written notice that he or she has received notice of, and understands the requirements, the consequences of violating the requirements and the provisions of
s. 939.621. If the arrested person refuses to sign the notice, he or she may not be released from custody.
968.075(5)(b)2.
2. If there is a waiver under
par. (c) and the person is released under
subd. 1., the law enforcement officer or other person who releases the arrested person shall inform the arrested person orally and in writing of the waiver and the provisions of
s. 939.621.
968.075(5)(b)3.
3. Failure to comply with the notice requirement under
subd. 1. regarding a person who is lawfully released from custody bars a prosecution under
par. (a), but does not affect the application of
s. 939.621 in any criminal prosecution.
968.075(5)(c)
(c) At any time during the 72-hour period specified in
par. (a), the alleged victim may sign a written waiver of the requirements in
par. (a). The law enforcement agency shall have a waiver form available.
968.075(5)(d)
(d) The law enforcement agency responsible for the arrest of a person for a domestic abuse incident shall notify the alleged victim of the requirements under
par. (a) and the possibility of, procedure for and effect of a waiver under
par. (c).
968.075(5)(e)
(e) Notwithstanding
s. 968.07 (1), a law enforcement officer shall arrest and take a person into custody if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has violated
par. (a).
968.075(6)
(6) Conditional release. A person arrested and taken into custody for a domestic abuse incident is eligible for conditional release. Unless there is a waiver under
sub. (5) (c), as part of the conditions of any such release that occurs during the 72 hours immediately following such an arrest, the person shall be required to comply with the requirements under
sub. (5) (a) and to sign the acknowledgment under
sub. (5) (b). The arrested person's release shall be conditioned upon his or her signed agreement to refrain from any threats or acts of domestic abuse against the alleged victim or other person.
968.075(6m)
(6m) Officer immunity. A law enforcement officer is immune from civil and criminal liability arising out of a decision by the officer to arrest or not arrest an alleged offender, if the decision is made in a good faith effort to comply with this section.
968.075(7)
(7) Prosecution policies. Each district attorney's office shall develop, adopt and implement written policies encouraging the prosecution of domestic abuse offenses. The policies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
968.075(7)(a)
(a) A policy indicating that a prosecutor's decision not to prosecute a domestic abuse incident should not be based:
968.075(7)(a)1.
1. Solely upon the absence of visible indications of injury or impairment;
968.075(7)(a)2.
2. Upon the victim's consent to any subsequent prosecution of the other person involved in the incident; or
968.075(7)(a)3.
3. Upon the relationship of the persons involved in the incident.
968.075(7)(b)
(b) A policy indicating that when any domestic abuse incident is reported to the district attorney's office, including a report made under
sub. (4), a charging decision by the district attorney should, absent extraordinary circumstances, be made not later than 2 weeks after the district attorney has received notice of the incident.
968.075(8)
(8) Education and training. Any education and training by the law enforcement agency relating to the handling of domestic abuse complaints shall stress enforcement of criminal laws in domestic abuse incidents and protection of the alleged victim. Law enforcement agencies and community organizations with expertise in the recognition and handling of domestic abuse incidents shall cooperate in all aspects of the training.
968.075(9)(a)(a) Each district attorney shall submit an annual report to the department of justice listing all of the following:
968.075(9)(a)1.
1. The number of arrests for domestic abuse incidents in his or her county as compiled and furnished by the law enforcement agencies within the county.
968.075(9)(a)2.
2. The number of subsequent prosecutions and convictions of the persons arrested for domestic abuse incidents.
968.075(9)(b)
(b) The listing of the number of arrests, prosecutions and convictions under
par. (a) shall include categories by statutory reference to the offense involved and include totals for all categories.
