48.21(1)(b)
(b) If no petition has been filed by the time of the hearing, a child may be held in custody with approval of the judge or circuit court commissioner for an additional 72 hours from the time of the hearing, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, only if, as a result of the facts brought forth at the hearing, the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that probable cause exists to believe any of the following:
48.21(1)(b)1.
1. That additional time is required to determine whether the filing of a petition initiating proceedings under this chapter is necessary.
48.21(1)(b)2.
2. That the child is an imminent danger to himself or herself or to others.
48.21(1)(b)3.
3. That probable cause exists to believe that the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of the child or other responsible adult is neglecting, refusing, unable, or unavailable to provide adequate supervision and care.
48.21(1)(b)4.
4. That, if the child is an expectant mother who was taken into custody under
s. 48.19 (1) (cm) or
(d) 8., probable cause exists to believe that there is a substantial risk that if the child expectant mother is not held, the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered by the child expectant mother's habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances, or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, and to believe that the child expectant mother is refusing or has refused to accept any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her or is not making or has not made a good faith effort to participate in any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her.
48.21(1)(bm)
(bm) An extension under
par. (b) may be granted only once for any petition. In the event of failure to file a petition within the extension period provided for in
par. (b), the judge or circuit court commissioner shall order the child's immediate release from custody.
48.21(3)
(3) Proceedings concerning children in need of protection or services and unborn children in need of protection or services and their child expectant mothers. 48.21(3)(ag)(ag) Proceedings concerning a child who comes within the jurisdiction of the court under
s. 48.13 or an unborn child and a child expectant mother of the unborn child who come within the jurisdiction of the court under
s. 48.133 shall be conducted according to this subsection.
48.21(3)(am)
(am) The parent, guardian, legal custodian, or Indian custodian may waive his or her right to participate in the hearing under this section. After any waiver, a rehearing shall be granted at the request of the parent, guardian, legal custodian, Indian custodian, or any other interested party for good cause shown.
48.21(3)(b)
(b) If present at the hearing, a copy of the petition or request shall be given to the parent, guardian, legal custodian, or Indian custodian, and to the child if he or she is 12 years of age or older, before the hearing begins. If the child is an expectant mother who has been taken into custody under
s. 48.19 (1) (cm) or
(d) 8., a copy of the petition shall also be given to the unborn child's guardian ad litem before the hearing begins. Prior notice of the hearing shall be given to the child's parent, guardian, legal custodian, and Indian custodian, to the child if he or she is 12 years of age or older and, if the child is an expectant mother who has been taken into custody under
s. 48.19 (1) (cm) or
(d) 8., to the unborn child's guardian ad litem under
s. 48.20 (8).
48.21(3)(d)
(d) Prior to the commencement of the hearing, the court shall inform the parent, guardian, legal custodian, or Indian custodian of the allegations that have been made or may be made, the nature and possible consequences of this hearing as compared to possible future hearings, the right to present, confront, and cross-examine witnesses, and, in the case of a parent or Indian custodian of an Indian child who is the subject of an Indian child custody proceeding under
s. 48.028 (2) (d) 2., the right to counsel under
s. 48.028 (4) (b).
48.21(3)(e)
(e) If the parent, guardian, legal custodian, Indian custodian, or child is not represented by counsel at the hearing and the child is continued in custody as a result of the hearing, the parent, guardian, legal custodian, Indian custodian, or child may request through counsel subsequently appointed or retained or through a guardian ad litem that the order to hold the child in custody be reheard. If the request is made, a rehearing shall take place as soon as possible. An order to hold the child in custody shall be reheard for good cause, whether or not counsel was present.
48.21(3)(f)
(f) If present at the hearing, the parent shall be requested to provide the names and other identifying information of 3 relatives of the child or other individuals 18 years of age or over whose homes the parent requests the court to consider as placements for the child. If the parent does not provide that information at the hearing, the county department, the department in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, or the agency primarily responsible for providing services to the child under the custody order shall permit the parent to provide the information at a later date.
48.21(3m)
(3m) Parental notice required. If the child has been taken into custody because he or she committed an act which resulted in personal injury or damage to or loss of the property of another, the court, prior to the commencement of any hearing under this section, shall attempt to notify the child's parents of the possibility of disclosure of the identity of the child and the parents, of the child's police records and of the outcome of proceedings against the child for use in civil actions for damages against the child or the parents and of the parents' potential liability for acts of their children. If the court is unable to provide the notice before commencement of the hearing, it shall provide the child's parents with the specified information in writing as soon as possible after the hearing.
48.21(4)
(4) Continuation of custody. If the judge or circuit court commissioner finds that the child should be continued in custody under the criteria of
s. 48.205, he or she shall enter one of the following orders:
48.21(4)(a)
(a) Place the child with a parent, guardian, legal custodian or other responsible person and may impose reasonable restrictions on the child's travel, association with other persons or places of abode during the period of placement, including a condition requiring the child to return to other custody as requested; or subject the child to the supervision of an agency agreeing to supervise the child. Reasonable restrictions may be placed upon the conduct of the parent, guardian, legal custodian or other responsible person which may be necessary to ensure the safety of the child.
48.21(5)(a)(a) All orders to hold in custody shall be in writing, listing the reasons and criteria forming the basis for the decision.
48.21(5)(b)
(b) An order relating to a child held in custody outside of his or her home shall also include all of the following:
48.21(5)(b)1.a.a. A finding that continued placement of the child in his or her home would be contrary to the welfare of the child.
48.21(5)(b)1.b.
b. A finding as to whether the person who took the child into custody and the intake worker have made reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the child from the home, while assuring that the child's health and safety are the paramount concerns, unless the judge or circuit court commissioner finds that any of the circumstances specified in
s. 48.355 (2d) (b) 1. to
5. applies.
48.21(5)(b)1.c.
c. A finding as to whether the person who took the child into custody and the intake worker have made reasonable efforts to make it possible for the child to return safely home.
48.21(5)(b)1.d.
d. If the child is under the supervision of the county department or, in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, the department, an order ordering the child into the placement and care responsibility of the county department or department as required under
42 USC 672 (a) (2) and assigning the county department or department primary responsibility for providing services to the child.
48.21(5)(b)1m.
1m. If for good cause shown sufficient information is not available for the judge or circuit court commissioner to make a finding as to whether reasonable efforts were made to prevent the removal of the child from the home, while assuring that the child's health and safety are the paramount concerns, a finding as to whether reasonable efforts were made to make it possible for the child to return safely home and an order for the county department, department, in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, or agency primarily responsible for providing services to the child under the custody order to file with the court sufficient information for the judge or circuit court commissioner to make a finding as to whether those reasonable efforts were made to prevent the removal of the child from the home by no later than 5 days, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, after the date on which the order is granted.
48.21(5)(b)2.
2. If the child is held in custody outside the home in a placement recommended by the intake worker, a statement that the court approves the placement recommended by the intake worker or, if the child is placed outside the home in a placement other than a placement recommended by the intake worker, a statement that the court has given bona fide consideration to the recommendations made by the intake worker and all parties relating to the placement of the child.
48.21(5)(b)2m.
2m. If the child has one or more siblings, as defined in
s. 48.38 (4) (br) 1., who have also been removed from the home, a finding as to whether the intake worker has made reasonable efforts to place the child in a placement that enables the sibling group to remain together, unless the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that a joint placement would be contrary to the safety or well-being of the child or any of those siblings, in which case the judge or circuit court commissioner shall order the county department, department in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, or agency primarily responsible for providing services to the child under the custody order to make reasonable efforts to provide for frequent visitation or other ongoing interaction between the child and the siblings, unless the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that such visitation or interaction would be contrary to the safety or well-being of the child or any of those siblings.
48.21(5)(b)3.
3. If the judge or circuit court commissioner finds that any of the circumstances specified in
s. 48.355 (2d) (b) 1. to
5. applies with respect to a parent, a determination that the county department, department, in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, or agency primarily responsible for providing services under the custody order is not required to make reasonable efforts with respect to the parent to make it possible for the child to return safely to his or her home.
48.21(5)(c)
(c) The judge or circuit court commissioner shall make the findings specified in
par. (b) 1.,
1m., and
3. on a case-by-case basis based on circumstances specific to the child and shall document or reference the specific information on which those findings are based in the custody order. A custody order that merely references
par. (b) 1.,
1m., or
3. without documenting or referencing that specific information in the custody order or an amended custody order that retroactively corrects an earlier custody order that does not comply with this paragraph is not sufficient to comply with this paragraph.
48.21(5)(d)
(d) If the judge or circuit court commissioner finds that any of the circumstances specified in
s. 48.355 (2d) (b) 1. to
5. applies with respect to a parent, the judge or circuit court commissioner shall hold a hearing under
s. 48.38 (4m) within 30 days after the date of that finding to determine the permanency goal and, if applicable, any concurrent permanency goals for the child.
48.21(5)(e)1.1. In this paragraph, "adult relative" means a grandparent, great-grandparent, aunt, uncle, brother, sister, half brother, or half sister of a child, whether by blood, marriage, or legal adoption, who has attained 18 years of age.
48.21(5)(e)2.
2. The court shall order the county department, the department in a county having a population of 500,000 or more, or the agency primarily responsible for providing services to the child under the custody order to conduct a diligent search in order to locate and provide notice of the information specified in this subdivision to all relatives of the child named under
sub. (3) (f) and to all adult relatives of the child within 30 days after the child is removed from the custody of the child's parent unless the child is returned to his or her home within that period. The court may also order the county department, department, or agency to conduct a diligent search in order to locate and provide notice of the information specified in this subdivision to all other adult individuals named under
sub. (3) (f) within 30 days after the child is removed from the custody of the child's parent unless the child is returned to his or her home within that period. The county department, department, or agency may not provide that notice to a person named under
sub. (3) (f) or to an adult relative if the county department, department, or agency has reason to believe that it would be dangerous to the child or to the parent if the child were placed with that person or adult relative. The notice shall include all of the following:
48.21(5)(e)2.a.
a. A statement that the child has been removed from the custody of the child's parent.
48.21(5)(e)2.b.
b. A statement that explains the options that the person provided with the notice has under state or federal law to participate in the care and placement of the child, including any options that may be lost by failing to respond to the notice.
48.21(5)(e)2.c.
c. A description of the requirements to obtain a foster home license under
s. 48.62 or to receive kinship care or long-term kinship care payments under
s. 48.57 (3m) or
(3n) and of the additional services and supports that are available for children placed in a foster home or in the home of a person receiving those payments.
48.21(5)(e)2.d.
d. A statement advising the person provided with the notice that he or she may incur additional expenses if the child is placed in his or her home and that reimbursement for some of those expenses may be available.
48.21(5)(e)2.e.
e. The name and contact information of the agency that removed the child from the custody of the child's parent.
48.21(6)
(6) Amendment of order. An order placing a child under
sub. (4) (a) on conditions specified in this section may at any time be amended, with notice, so as to place the child in another form of custody for failure to conform to the conditions originally imposed. A child may be transferred to secure custody if he or she meets the criteria of
s. 48.208.
48.21(7)
(7) Informal disposition. If the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that the best interests of the child and the public are served or, in the case of a child expectant mother who has been taken into custody under
s. 48.19 (1) (cm) or
(d) 8., that the best interests of the unborn child and the public are served, he or she may enter a consent decree under
s. 48.32 or order the petition dismissed and refer the matter to the intake worker for informal disposition in accordance with
s. 48.245.
48.21 Annotation
The period under sub. (1) (a) runs from the time the intake worker decides to hold the child. Curtis W. v. State,
192 Wis. 2d 719,
531 N.W.2d 633 (Ct. App. 1995).
48.213
48.213
Hearing for adult expectant mother in custody. 48.213(1)(a)(a) If an adult expectant mother of an unborn child who has been taken into custody is not released under
s. 48.203, a hearing to determine whether the adult expectant mother shall continue to be held in custody under the criteria of
s. 48.205 (1m) shall be conducted by the judge or a circuit court commissioner within 48 hours after the time that the decision to hold the adult expectant mother was made, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. By the time of the hearing a petition under
s. 48.25 shall be filed, except that no petition need be filed when an adult expectant mother is taken into custody under
s. 48.193 (1) (b) or
(d) 1. or
3., in which case a written statement of the reasons for holding the adult expectant mother in custody shall be substituted if the petition is not filed. If no hearing has been held within those 48 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, or if no petition or statement has been filed at the time of the hearing, the adult expectant mother shall be released except as provided in
par. (b).
48.213(1)(b)
(b) If no petition has been filed by the time of the hearing, an adult expectant mother of an unborn child may be held in custody with the approval of the judge or circuit court commissioner for an additional 72 hours after the time of the hearing, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, only if, as a result of the facts brought forth at the hearing, the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that probable cause exists to believe that there is a substantial risk that if the adult expectant mother is not held, the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered by the adult expectant mother's habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, and to believe that the adult expectant mother is refusing or has refused to accept any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her or is not making or has not made a good faith effort to participate in any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her. The extension may be granted only once for any petition. In the event of failure to file a petition within the extension period provided for in this paragraph, the judge or circuit court commissioner shall order the adult expectant mother's immediate release from custody.
48.213(2)
(2) Proceedings concerning unborn children in need of protection or services and their adult expectant mothers. 48.213(2)(a)(a) Proceedings concerning an unborn child and an adult expectant mother of the unborn child who come within the jurisdiction of the court under
s. 48.133 shall be conducted according to this subsection.
48.213(2)(b)
(b) The adult expectant mother may waive the hearing under this section. After any waiver, a hearing shall be granted at the request of any interested party.
48.213(2)(c)
(c) A copy of the petition shall be given to the adult expectant mother and to the unborn child's guardian ad litem before the hearing begins. Prior notice of the hearing shall be given to the adult expectant mother and unborn child's guardian ad litem in accordance with
s. 48.203 (7).
48.213(2)(d)
(d) Prior to the commencement of the hearing, the adult expectant mother and the unborn child's guardian ad litem shall be informed by the court of the allegations that have been made or may be made, the nature and possible consequences of this hearing as compared to possible future hearings, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and the right to present witnesses.
48.213(2)(e)
(e) If the adult expectant mother is not represented by counsel at the hearing and the adult expectant mother is continued in custody as a result of the hearing, the adult expectant mother may request through counsel subsequently appointed or retained or through a guardian ad litem that the order to hold the adult expectant mother in custody be reheard. If the request is made, a rehearing shall take place as soon as possible. Any order to hold the adult expectant mother in custody shall be subject to rehearing for good cause, whether or not counsel was present.
48.213(3)
(3) Continuation of custody. If the judge or circuit court commissioner finds that the adult expectant mother should be continued in custody under the criteria of
s. 48.205 (1m), the judge or circuit court commissioner shall enter one of the following orders:
48.213(3)(a)
(a) Release the adult expectant mother and impose reasonable restrictions on the adult expectant mother's travel, association with other persons or places of abode during the period of the order, including a condition requiring the adult expectant mother to return to other custody as requested; or subject the adult expectant mother to the supervision of an agency agreeing to supervise the adult expectant mother. Reasonable restrictions may be placed upon the conduct of the adult expectant mother which may be necessary to ensure the safety of the unborn child and of the child when born.
48.213(4)
(4) Orders in writing. All orders to hold an adult expectant mother of an unborn child in custody shall be in writing, listing the reasons and criteria forming the basis for the decision.
48.213(5)
(5) Amendment of order. An order under
sub. (3) (a) imposing restrictions on an adult expectant mother of an unborn child may at any time be amended, with notice, so as to place the adult expectant mother in another form of custody for failure of the adult expectant mother to conform to the conditions originally imposed.
48.213(6)
(6) Informal disposition. If the judge or circuit court commissioner determines that the best interests of the unborn child and the public are served, the judge or circuit court commissioner may enter a consent decree under
s. 48.32 or order the petition dismissed and refer the matter to the intake worker for informal disposition in accordance with
s. 48.245.
48.215
48.215
Mother-young child care program. Sections 48.19 to
48.21 do not apply to children participating in the mother-young child care program under
s. 301.049.
48.215 History
History: 1991 a. 39.
48.227(1)(1) Nothing contained in this section prohibits a home licensed under
s. 48.48 or
48.75 from providing housing and services to a runaway child with the consent of the child and the consent of the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian, under the supervision of a county department, a child welfare agency or the department. When the parent, guardian or legal custodian and the child both consent to the provision of these services and the child has not been taken into custody, no hearing as described in this section is required.
48.227(2)
(2) Any person who operates a home under
sub. (1) and licensed under
s. 48.48 or
48.75, when engaged in sheltering a runaway child without the consent of the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian, shall notify the intake worker of the presence of the child in the home within 12 hours. The intake worker shall notify the parent, guardian and legal custodian as soon as possible of the child's presence in that home. A hearing shall be held under
sub. (4). The child shall not be removed from the home except with the approval of the court under
sub. (4). This subsection does not prohibit the parent, guardian or legal custodian from conferring with the child or the person operating the home.
48.227(3)
(3) For runaway children who have been taken into custody and then released, the judge may, with the agreement of the persons operating the homes, designate homes licensed under
ss. 48.48 and
48.75 as places for the temporary care and housing of such children. If the parent, guardian or legal custodian refuses to consent, the person taking the child into custody or the intake worker may release the child to one of the homes designated under this section; however, a hearing shall be held under
sub. (4). The child shall not be removed from the home except with the approval of the court under
sub. (4). This subsection does not prohibit the parent, guardian, or legal custodian from conferring with the child or the person operating the home.
48.227(4)(a)(a) If the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian does not consent to the temporary care and housing of the child at the runaway home as provided under
sub. (2) or
(3), a hearing shall be held on the issue by the judge or a circuit court commissioner within 24 hours of the time that the child entered the runaway home, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. The intake worker shall notify the child and the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian of the time, place and purpose of the hearing.
48.227(4)(c)
(c) For the purposes of this section, the court has jurisdiction over a runaway child only to the extent that it may hold the hearings and make the orders provided in this section.
48.227(4)(d)
(d) At the hearing, the child, the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian and a representative of the runaway home may present evidence, cross-examine and confront witnesses and be represented by counsel or guardian ad litem.
48.227(4)(e)
(e) At the conclusion of the hearing, the court may order:
48.227(4)(e)1.
1. That the child be released to his or her parent, guardian or legal custodian; or
48.227(4)(e)2.
2. That, with the consent of the child and the runaway home, the child remain in the care of the runaway home for a period of not more than 20 days. Without further proceedings, the child shall be released whenever the child indicates, either by statement or conduct, that he or she wishes to leave the home or whenever the runaway home withdraws its consent. During this time period not to exceed 20 days ordered by the court, the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian may not remove the child from the home but may confer with the child or with the person operating the home. If, at the conclusion of the time period ordered by the court the child has not left the home, and no petition concerning the child has been filed under
s. 48.13,
48.133,
938.12 or
938.13, the child shall be released from the home. If a petition concerning the child has been filed under
s. 48.13,
48.133,
938.12 or
938.13, the child may be held in temporary physical custody under
ss. 48.20 to
48.21 or
938.20 to
938.21.
48.227(5)
(5) No person operating an approved or licensed home in compliance with this section is subject to civil or criminal liability by virtue of false imprisonment.
48.23
48.23
Right to counsel. 48.23(1g)(1g)
Definition. In this section, "counsel" means an attorney acting as adversary counsel who shall advance and protect the legal rights of the party represented, and who may not act as guardian ad litem or court-appointed special advocate for any party in the same proceeding.
48.23(1m)
(1m) Right of children to legal representation. Children subject to proceedings under this chapter shall be afforded legal representation as follows:
48.23(1m)(a)
(a) Any child held in a juvenile detention facility shall be represented by counsel at all stages of the proceedings, but a child 15 years of age or older may waive counsel if the court is satisfied that the waiver is knowingly and voluntarily made and the court accepts the waiver.
48.23(1m)(b)1.1. If a child is alleged to be in need of protection or services under
s. 48.13, the child may be represented by counsel at the discretion of the court. Except as provided in
subd. 2., a child 15 years of age or older may waive counsel if the court is satisfied such waiver is knowingly and voluntarily made and the court accepts the waiver.
48.23(1m)(b)2.
2. If the petition is contested, the court may not place the child outside his or her home unless the child is represented by counsel at the fact-finding hearing and subsequent proceedings. If the petition is not contested, the court may not place the child outside his or her home unless the child is represented by counsel at the hearing at which the placement is made. For a child under 12 years of age, the judge may appoint a guardian ad litem instead of counsel.
48.23(1m)(c)
(c) Any child subject to the jurisdiction of the court under
s. 48.14 (5) shall be represented by counsel. No waiver of counsel may be accepted by the court.
48.23(1m)(cm)
(cm) Any minor who is subject to the jurisdiction of the circuit court under
s. 48.16 and who is required to appear in court shall be represented by counsel.
48.23(2)
(2) Right of parent to counsel. 48.23(2)(a)(a) Except as provided in
sub. (2g), a minor parent petitioning for a voluntary termination of parental rights shall be represented by a guardian ad litem.
48.23(2)(b)
(b) In a proceeding involving a contested adoption or an involuntary termination of parental rights, any parent who appears before the court shall be represented by counsel, except as follows:
48.23(2)(b)1.
1. A parent 18 years of age or over may waive counsel if the court is satisfied that the waiver is knowingly and voluntarily made.
