Chapter 23

23.22(9)(a)1. 1. Issue a citation pursuant to s. 23.50 to 23.99.

23.22(9)(a)2. 2. Refer the matter to the department of justice for enforcement under par. (b).

23.22(9)(a)3. 3. Revoke a permit issued under the rules promulgated under sub. (2) (b) 6., after notice and opportunity for hearing.

23.22(9)(b) (b) The department of justice shall initiate an enforcement action requested by the department under par. (a) 2. The enforcement action may include a request for injunctive relief. In any action initiated by it under this paragraph, the department of justice shall, prior to stipulation, consent order, judgment, or other final disposition of the case, consult with the department of natural resources for the purpose of determining the department’s views on final disposition. The department of justice shall not enter into a final disposition different than that previously discussed without first informing the department of natural resources.

23.22(9)(c) (c) In an action initiated pursuant to a citation or initiated under par. (b), the court may award, as an additional penalty, an amount equal to all or a portion of the costs of investigation, including any monitoring, incurred by the department of natural resources or the department of justice, which led to the establishment of the violation. The court may also award the department of justice the reasonable and necessary expenses of the prosecution, including attorney fees. The department of justice shall deposit in the state treasury for deposit into the general fund all moneys that the court awards to the department of justice under this paragraph. These moneys shall be credited to the appropriation account under s. 20.455 (1) (gh).

23.22 History History: 2001 a. 109 ss. 72t, 72xd; 2003 a. 33; 2005 a. 25, 160; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 55; 2013 a. 72; 2017 a. 59.

23.22 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. NR 40, Wis. adm. code.

23.235 23.235 Nuisance weeds.

23.235(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

23.235(1)(a) (a) “Nuisance weeds” means purple loosestrife or hybrids thereof and multiflora rose.

23.235(1)(b) (b) “Purple loosestrife” means any nonnative member of the genus Lythrum.

23.235(2) (2) Prohibition. Except as provided in sub. (3m), no person may sell, offer for sale, distribute, plant, or cultivate any multiflora rose or seeds thereof.

23.235(2m) (2m) Control efforts.

23.235(2m)(a) (a) Under the program established under s. 23.22, the department shall make a reasonable effort to develop a statewide plan to control purple loosestrife on both public and private lands, as provided in this subsection.

23.235(2m)(b) (b) The department shall make a reasonable effort to implement control and quarantine methods on public lands as soon as practicable. The department shall make a reasonable effort to employ the least environmentally harmful methods available that are effective, based on research conducted under sub. (3m).

23.235(2m)(c) (c) The department may conduct a pilot project using employees or other persons to engage in labor intensive efforts to control purple loosestrife on all public lands.

23.235(2m)(d) (d) The department shall request permission from private landowners to enter onto the land to control stands of purple loosestrife which significantly threaten environmental resources or which threaten to invade a nearby watershed or subwatershed. If the landowner denies the department permission to enter onto the land, the department may not enter the land but shall inform the landowner of the seminars available under sub. (4) (c).

23.235(2m)(e) (e) The department may provide grants to other public agencies to allow the public agencies to control purple loosestrife on lands under their control.

23.235(3m) (3m) Research. Under the program established under s. 23.22, the department shall make a reasonable effort to conduct research to determine alternative methods to contain and control purple loosestrife in the most environmentally sound manner and may conduct other research on the control of nuisance weeds. The secretaries of natural resources and of agriculture, trade and consumer protection may authorize any person to plant or cultivate nuisance weeds for the purpose of controlled experimentation.

23.235(4) (4) Education.

23.235(4)(a) (a) Under the program established under s. 23.22, the department shall make a reasonable effort to develop a statewide education effort on the effects of nuisance weeds, as provided in this subsection.

23.235(4)(b) (b) The department shall make a reasonable effort to educate the authorities in charge of the maintenance of all federal, state and county trunk highways and all forest and park land in this state on methods to identify and control nuisance weeds. The department of transportation and all other authorities in charge of the maintenance of highways, forests and parks may cooperate with the department in efforts under this paragraph.

23.235(4)(c) (c) The department shall make a reasonable effort to educate private landowners on methods to identify and control purple loosestrife. The department shall make a reasonable effort to conduct seminars periodically, at times determined by the department, to train private landowners in environmentally sound methods to identify and control purple loosestrife.

23.235(5) (5) Penalty. Any person who knowingly violates sub. (2) shall forfeit not more than $100. Each violation of this section is a separate offense.

23.235 History History: 1987 a. 41; 1999 a. 150 s. 616; Stats. 1999 s. 23.235; 2001 a. 16; 2001 a. 109 ss. 72td to 72wj.

23.2355 23.2355 Weed management grants. The department, in consultation with the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection, shall promulgate rules that authorize the department, in consultation with the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection, to provide funds received from the federal government under 7 USC 7782 to eligible recipients for the control or eradication of noxious weeds. The rules shall authorize the department and the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection to use the funds received from the federal government to provide technical assistance and to make grants to eligible recipients to control or eradicate noxious weeds.

23.2355 History History: 2009 a. 55.

23.24 23.24 Aquatic plants.

23.24(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

23.24(1)(a) (a) “Aquaculture” has the meaning given in s. 93.01 (1d).

23.24(1)(b) (b) “Aquatic plant” means a planktonic, submergent, emergent, or floating-leaf plant or any part thereof.

23.24(1)(c) (c) “Control” means to cut, remove, destroy, or suppress.

23.24(1)(d) (d) “Cultivate” means to intentionally maintain the growth or existence of.

23.24(1)(e) (e) “Distribute” means to sell, offer to sell, distribute for no consideration, or offer to distribute for no consideration.

23.24(1)(f) (f) “Introduce” means to plant, cultivate, stock, or release.

23.24(1)(g) (g) “Invasive aquatic plant” means an aquatic plant that is designated under sub. (2) (b).

23.24(1)(h) (h) “Manage” means to introduce or control.

23.24(1)(i) (i) “Native” means indigenous to the waters of this state.

23.24(1)(j) (j) “Nonnative” means not indigenous to the waters of this state.

23.24(1)(k) (k) “Waters of this state” means any surface waters within the territorial limits of this state.

23.24(2) (2) Department duties.

23.24(2)(a) (a) The department shall establish a program for the waters of this state to do all of the following:

23.24(2)(a)1. 1. Implement efforts to protect and develop diverse and stable communities of native aquatic plants.

23.24(2)(a)2. 2. Regulate how aquatic plants are managed.

23.24(2)(a)4. 4. Administer and establish by rule procedures and requirements for the issuing of aquatic plant management permits required under sub. (3).

23.24(2)(b) (b) Under the program implemented under par. (a), the department shall designate by rule which aquatic plants are invasive aquatic plants for purposes of this section. The department shall designate Eurasian water milfoil, curly leaf pondweed, and purple loosestrife as invasive aquatic plants and may designate any other aquatic plant as an invasive aquatic plant if it has the ability to cause significant adverse change to desirable aquatic habitat, to significantly displace desirable aquatic vegetation, or to reduce the yield of products produced by aquaculture.

23.24(2)(c) (c) The requirements promulgated under par. (a) 4. may specify any of the following:

23.24(2)(c)1. 1. The quantity of aquatic plants that may be managed under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)2. 2. The species of aquatic plants that may be managed under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)3. 3. The areas in which aquatic plants may be managed under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)4. 4. The methods that may be used to manage aquatic plants under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)5. 5. The times during which aquatic plants may be managed under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)6. 6. The allowable methods for disposing or using aquatic plants that are removed or controlled under an aquatic plant management permit.

23.24(2)(c)7. 7. The requirements for plans that the department may require under sub. (3) (b).

23.24(3) (3) Permits.

23.24(3)(a) (a) Unless a person has a valid aquatic plant management permit issued by the department, no person may do any of the following:

23.24(3)(a)1. 1. Introduce nonnative aquatic plants into waters of this state.

23.24(3)(a)2. 2. Manually remove aquatic plants from navigable waters.

23.24(3)(a)3. 3. Control aquatic plants in waters of this state by the use of chemicals.

23.24(3)(a)4. 4. Control aquatic plants in navigable waters by introducing biological agents, by using a process that involves dewatering, desiccation, burning, or freezing, or by using mechanical means.

23.24(3)(b) (b) The department may require that an application for an aquatic plant management permit contain a plan for the department’s approval as to how the aquatic plants will be introduced, removed, or controlled.

23.24(3)(c) (c) The department may promulgate a rule to establish fees for aquatic plant management permits. Under the rule, the department may establish a different fee for an aquatic plant management permit to manage aquatic plants that are located in a body of water that is entirely confined on the property of one property owner.

23.24(4) (4) Exemptions from permits.

23.24(4)(a) (a) In this subsection:

23.24(4)(a)1. 1. “Local governmental unit” means a political subdivision of this state, a special purpose district in this state, an instrumentality or corporation of the political subdivision or special purpose district, or a combination or subunit of any of the foregoing.

23.24(4)(a)2. 2. “State agency” means any office, department, independent agency, or attached board or commission within the executive branch of state government, or any special purpose authority created by statute.

23.24(4)(b) (b) The permit requirement under sub. (3) does not apply to any of the following:

23.24(4)(b)1. 1. A person who manually removes aquatic plants from privately owned stream beds with the permission of the landowner.

23.24(4)(b)2. 2. A person who engages in an activity listed under sub. (3) (a) in the course of harvesting wild rice as authorized under s. 29.607.

23.24(4)(b)3. 3. A person who engages in an activity listed under sub. (3) (a) in the course of operating a fish farm as authorized under s. 95.60.

23.24(4)(b)4. 4. A person who engages in an activity listed under sub. (3) (a) in the course of performing shoreline maintenance as authorized under s. 30.125.

23.24(4)(c) (c) The department may promulgate a rule to waive the permit requirement under sub. (3) (a) 2. for any of the following:

23.24(4)(c)1. 1. A person who owns property on which there is a body of water that is entirely confined on the property of that person.

23.24(4)(c)2. 2. A riparian owner who manually removes aquatic plants from a body of water that abuts the owner’s property provided that the removal does not interfere with the rights of other riparian owners.

23.24(4)(c)3. 3. A person who is controlling purple loosestrife.

23.24(4)(c)4. 4. A person who uses chemicals in a body of water for the purpose of controlling bacteria on bathing beaches.

23.24(4)(c)5. 5. A person who uses chemicals on plants to prevent the plants from interfering with the use of water for drinking purposes.

23.24(4)(c)6. 6. A state agency or a local governmental unit that uses a chemical treatment in a body of water for the purpose of protecting the public health.

23.24(5) (5) Distribution prohibited. No person may distribute an invasive aquatic plant.

23.24(6) (6) Penalties.

23.24(6)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), any person who violates sub. (3) shall forfeit not more than $200.

23.24(6)(b) (b) A person who violates sub. (3) and who, within 5 years before the arrest of the current conviction, was previously convicted of a violation of sub. (3) shall be fined not less than $700 nor more than $2,000 or shall be imprisoned for not less than 6 months nor more than 9 months or both.

23.24(6)(c) (c) The court may order a person who is convicted under par. (b) to abate any nuisance caused by the violation, restore any natural resource damaged by the violation, or take other appropriate action to eliminate or minimize any environmental damage caused by the violation.

23.24(6)(d) (d) A person who violates sub. (5) shall forfeit not more than $100.

23.24 History History: 2001 a. 16, 109; 2007 a. 20; 2011 a. 258; 2017 a. 281.

23.24 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. NR 109, Wis. adm. code.

23.25 23.25 Geographic powers and duties.

23.25(1) (1) The department shall do all of the following:

23.25(1)(a) (a) Determine the correct and most appropriate names of the lakes, streams, places, and other geographic features in the state, and the spelling of those names.