Chapter 66

66.10016(1)(a) (a) “Permit” means any permit or administrative approval required to proceed with a residential housing development. “Permit” does not include a change to an existing ordinance or zoning classification of land or an approval of a conditional use as defined under s. 59.69 (5e) (a) 1., 60.61 (4e) (a) 1., or 62.23 (7) (de) 1. a.

66.10016(1)(b) (b) “Political subdivision” means a city, village, town, or county.

66.10016(1)(c) (c) “Residential housing development” means a development for single-family or multi-family housing for sale or rent.

66.10016(2) (2) The definitions under s. 66.10015 (1) do not apply to this section.

66.10016(3) (3) If a person submits a complete application for a permit related to a residential housing development meeting all existing requirements that must be satisfied to obtain the permit at the time the application is filed, the political subdivision shall grant the application. An application is deemed complete under this subsection if it complies with form and content requirements. An application is filed under this subsection on the date that the political subdivision receives the application.

66.10016(4) (4) A person aggrieved by a political subdivision’s failure to approve an application under sub. (3) may seek relief through an action for mandamus as provided in ch. 783. If the court finds that the political subdivision improperly failed to approve the application under sub. (3), the court shall issue a writ of mandamus ordering the political subdivision to approve the application. For purposes of any mandamus claim filed under this subsection, substantial damages or injury shall be assumed.

Effective date note NOTE: This section is created eff. 1-1-25 by 2023 Wis. Act 16.

66.10016 History History: 2023 a. 16.

66.1002 66.1002 Development moratoria.

66.1002(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

66.1002(1)(a) (a) “Comprehensive plan” has the meaning given in s. 66.1001 (1) (a).

66.1002(1)(b) (b) “Development moratorium” means a moratorium on rezoning or approving any subdivision or other division of land by plat or certified survey map that is authorized under ch. 236.

66.1002(1)(d) (d) “Municipality” means any city, village, or town.

66.1002(1)(e) (e) “Public health professional” means any of the following:

66.1002(1)(e)1. 1. A physician, as defined under s. 48.375 (2) (g).

66.1002(1)(e)2. 2. A registered professional nurse, as defined under s. 49.498 (1) (L).

66.1002(1)(f) (f) “Registered engineer” means an individual who satisfies the registration requirements for a professional engineer as specified in s. 443.04.

66.1002(2) (2) Moratorium allowed. Subject to the limitations and requirements specified in this section, a municipality may enact a development moratorium ordinance if the municipality has enacted a comprehensive plan, is in the process of preparing its comprehensive plan, is in the process of preparing a significant amendment to its comprehensive plan in response to a substantial change in conditions in the municipality, or is exempt from the requirement as described in s. 66.1001 (3m), and if at least one of the following applies:

66.1002(2)(a) (a) The municipality’s governing body adopts a resolution stating that a moratorium is needed to prevent a shortage in, or the overburdening of, public facilities located in the municipality and that such a shortage or overburdening would otherwise occur during the period in which the moratorium would be in effect, except that the governing body may not adopt such a resolution unless it obtains a written report from a registered engineer stating that in his or her opinion the possible shortage or overburdening of public facilities justifies the need for a moratorium.

66.1002(2)(b) (b) The municipality’s governing body adopts a resolution stating that a moratorium is needed to address a significant threat to the public health or safety that is presented by a proposed or anticipated activity specified under sub. (4), except that the governing body may not adopt such a resolution unless it obtains a written report from a registered engineer or public health professional stating that in his or her opinion the proposed or anticipated activity specified under sub. (4) presents such a significant threat to the public health or safety that the need for a moratorium is justified.

66.1002(3) (3) Ordinance requirements.

66.1002(3)(a) (a) An ordinance enacted under this section shall contain at least all of the following elements:

66.1002(3)(a)1. 1. A statement describing the problem giving rise to the need for the moratorium.

66.1002(3)(a)2. 2. A statement of the specific action that the municipality intends to take to alleviate the need for the moratorium.

66.1002(3)(a)3. 3. Subject to par. (b), the length of time during which the moratorium is to be in effect.

66.1002(3)(a)4. 4. A statement describing how and why the governing body decided on the length of time described in subd. 3.

66.1002(3)(a)5. 5. A description of the area in which the ordinance applies.

66.1002(3)(a)6. 6. An exemption for any activity specified under sub. (4) that would have no impact, or slight impact, on the problem giving rise to the need for the moratorium.

66.1002(3)(b) (b)

66.1002(3)(b)1. 1. A development moratorium ordinance may be in effect only for a length of time that is long enough for a municipality to address the problem giving rise to the need for the moratorium but, except as provided in subd. 2., the ordinance may not remain in effect for more than 12 months.

66.1002(3)(b)2. 2. A municipality may amend the ordinance one time to extend the moratorium for not more than 6 months if the municipality’s governing body determines that such an extension is necessary to address the problem giving rise to the need for the moratorium.

66.1002(3)(c) (c) A municipality may not enact a development moratorium ordinance unless it holds at least one public hearing at which the proposed ordinance is discussed. The public hearing must be preceded by a class 1 notice under ch. 985, the notice to be at least 30 days before the hearing. The municipality may also provide notice of the hearing by any other appropriate means. The class 1 notice shall contain at least all of the following:

66.1002(3)(c)1. 1. The time, date, and place of the hearing.

66.1002(3)(c)2. 2. A summary of the proposed development moratorium ordinance, including the location where the ordinance would apply, the length of time the ordinance would be in effect, and a statement describing the problem giving rise to the need for the moratorium.

66.1002(3)(c)3. 3. The name and contact information of a municipal official who may be contacted to obtain additional information about the proposed ordinance.

66.1002(3)(c)4. 4. Information relating to how, where, and when a copy of the proposed ordinance may be inspected or obtained before the hearing.

66.1002(4) (4) Applicability. A development moratorium ordinance enacted under this section applies to any of the following that is submitted to the municipality on or after the effective date of the ordinance:

66.1002(4)(a) (a) A request for rezoning.

66.1002(4)(c) (c) A plat or certified survey map.

66.1002(4)(d) (d) A subdivision plat or other land division.

66.1002 History History: 2011 a. 144.

66.1003 66.1003 Discontinuance of a public way.

66.1003(1) (1) In this section, “public way” means all or any part of a road, street, slip, pier, lane or paved alley.

66.1003(2) (2) The common council of any city, except a 1st class city, or a village or town board may discontinue all or part of a public way upon the written petition of the owners of all the frontage of the lots and lands abutting upon the public way sought to be discontinued, and of the owners of more than one-third of the frontage of the lots and lands abutting on that portion of the remainder of the public way which lies within 2,650 feet of the ends of the portion to be discontinued, or lies within so much of that 2,650 feet as is within the corporate limits of the city, village or town. The beginning and ending of an alley shall be considered to be within the block in which it is located. This subsection does not apply to a highway upon the line between 2 towns that is subject to s. 82.21.

66.1003(3) (3) The common council of any city, except a 1st class city, or a village or town board may discontinue all or part of an unpaved alley upon the written petition of the owners of more than 50 percent of the frontage of the lots and lands abutting upon the portion of the unpaved alley sought to be discontinued. The beginning and ending of an unpaved alley shall be considered to be within the block in which it is located. This subsection does not apply to a highway upon the line between 2 towns that is subject to s. 82.21.

66.1003(4) (4) 

66.1003(4)(a) (a) Notwithstanding subs. (2) and (3), proceedings covered by this section may be initiated by the common council or village or town board by the introduction of a resolution declaring that since the public interest requires it, a public way or an unpaved alley is vacated and discontinued. No discontinuance of a public way under this subsection may result in a landlocked parcel of property.

66.1003(4)(b) (b) A hearing on the passage of a resolution under par. (a) shall be set by the common council or village or town board on a date which shall not be less than 40 days after the date on which the resolution is introduced. Notice of the hearing shall be given as provided in sub. (8) (b), except that in addition notice of the hearing shall be served on the owners of all of the frontage of the lots and lands abutting upon the public way or unpaved alley sought to be discontinued in a manner provided for the service of summons in circuit court at least 30 days before the hearing. When service cannot be made within the city, village or town, a copy of the notice shall be mailed to the owner’s last-known address at least 30 days before the hearing.

66.1003(4)(c) (c) Except as provided in this paragraph, no discontinuance of the whole or any part of a public way may be ordered under this subsection if a written objection to the proposed discontinuance is filed with the city, village or town clerk by any of the owners abutting on the public way sought to be discontinued or by the owners of more than one-third of the frontage of the lots and lands abutting on the remainder of the public way which lies within 2,650 feet from the ends of the public way proposed to be discontinued or which lies within that portion of the 2,650 feet that is within the corporate limits of the city, village or town. If a written objection is filed, the discontinuance may be ordered only by the favorable vote of two-thirds of the members of the common council or village or town board voting on the proposed discontinuance. An owner of property abutting on a discontinued public way whose property is damaged by the discontinuance may recover damages as provided in ch. 32. The beginning and ending of an alley shall be considered to be within the block in which it is located.

66.1003(4)(d) (d) No discontinuance of an unpaved alley shall be ordered if a written objection to a proposed discontinuance is filed with the city, village or town clerk by the owner of one parcel of land that abuts the portion of the alley to be discontinued and if the alley provides the only access to off-street parking for the parcel of land owned by the objector.

66.1003(5) (5) For the purpose of this section, the narrowing, widening, extending or other alteration of any road, street, lane or alley does not constitute a discontinuance of any part of the former road, street, lane or alley, including any right-of-way, which is included within the right-of-way for the new road, street, lane or alley.

66.1003(6) (6) Whenever any of the lots or lands subject to this section is owned by the state, county, city, village or town, or by a minor or incompetent person, or the title to the lots or lands is held in trust, petitions for discontinuance or objections to discontinuance may be signed by the governor, chairperson of the board of supervisors of the county, mayor of the city, president of the village, chairperson of the town board, guardian of the minor or incompetent person, or the trustee, respectively, and the signature of any private corporation may be made by its president, secretary or other principal officer or managing agent.

66.1003(7) (7) The city council or village or town board may by resolution discontinue any alley or any portion of an alley which has been abandoned, at any time after the expiration of 5 years from the date of the recording of the plat by which it was dedicated. Failure or neglect to work or use any alley or any portion of an alley for a period of 5 years next preceding the date of notice provided for in sub. (8) (b) shall be considered an abandonment for the purpose of this section.

66.1003(8) (8) 

66.1003(8)(a) (a) Upon receiving a petition under sub. (2) or (3) or upon the introduction of a resolution under sub. (4), the city, village, town, or county shall deliver a copy of the petition or resolution to all of the following:

66.1003(8)(a)1. 1. The secretary of transportation, if the public way or unpaved alley that is the subject of the petition or resolution is located within one-quarter mile of a state trunk highway or connecting highway.

66.1003(8)(a)2. 2. The commissioner of railroads, if there is a railroad highway crossing within the portion of the public way that is the subject of the petition or resolution.

66.1003(8)(b) (b) Notice stating when and where the petition or resolution under this section will be acted upon and stating what public way or unpaved alley is proposed to be discontinued shall be published as a class 3 notice under ch. 985.

66.1003(9) (9) In proceedings under this section, s. 840.11 shall be considered as a part of the proceedings.

66.1003(10) (10) Notwithstanding ss. 82.10 and 82.21, no city council or county, village, or town board may discontinue a highway when the discontinuance would deprive a landowner or a public school of all access to a highway.

66.1003 History History: 1973 c. 189 s. 20; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 774 (1975); 1975 c. 46; 1993 a. 184, 246, 491; 1995 a. 239; 1999 a. 150 ss. 265, 337 to 343; Stats. 1999 s. 66.1003; 2003 a. 214; 2009 a. 107, 223.

66.1003 Note NOTE: 2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.

66.1003 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See s. 236.43 for other provisions for vacating streets.

66.1003 Annotation The enactment of s. 66.296 (2m) [now sub. (5)] did not eliminate any vested rights of abutting property owners. Miller v. City of Wauwatosa, 87 Wis. 2d 676, 275 N.W.2d 876 (1979).

66.1003 Annotation An abutting property owner under s. 66.296 (2) (c) [now sub. (4) (c)] at the very least must be somehow supporting or sustaining travel on the street. Voss v. City of Middleton, 162 Wis. 2d 737, 470 N.W.2d 625 (1991).

66.1003 Annotation The plain language of this section unambiguously shows that a town has authority to proceed under sub. (3) to vacate unpaved alley segments, even when considered in conjunction with ch. 236, which provides for county vacation of platted alleys in towns. The legislature could have exempted roads and alleys that fall under ch. 236, but it did not. That omission shows that the legislature did not intend for ch. 236 to be the exclusive means of dealing with unpaved alleys in recorded plats. Smerz v. Delafield Town Board, 2011 WI App 41, 332 Wis. 2d 189, 796 N.W.2d 852, 10-1186.

66.1005 66.1005 Reversion of title.

66.1005(1) (1) When any highway or public ground acquired or held for highway purposes is discontinued, the land where the highway or public ground is located shall belong to the owner or owners of the adjoining lands. If the highway or public ground is located between the lands of different owners, it shall be annexed to the lots to which it originally belonged if that can be ascertained. If the lots to which the land originally belonged cannot be ascertained, the land shall be equally divided between the owners of the lands on each side of the highway or public ground.

66.1005(2) (2) 

66.1005(2)(a) (a) Whenever any public highway or public ground acquired or held for public purposes has been vacated or discontinued, all easements and rights incidental to the easements that belong to any county, school district, town, village, city, utility, or person that relate to any underground or overground structures, improvements, or services and all rights of entrance, maintenance, construction, and repair of the structures, improvements, or services shall continue, unless one of the following applies:

66.1005(2)(a)1. 1. The owner of the easements and incidental rights gives written consent to the discontinuance of the easements and rights as a part of the vacation or discontinuance proceedings and the vacation or discontinuance resolution, ordinance or order refers to the owner’s written consent.

66.1005(2)(a)2. 2. The owner of the easements and incidental rights fails to use the easements and rights for a period of 4 years from the time that the public highway or public ground was vacated or discontinued.

66.1005(2)(b) (b) The easements and incidental rights described in par. (a) may be discontinued in vacation or discontinuance proceedings in any case where benefits or damages are to be assessed as provided in par. (c), if one of the following applies:

66.1005(2)(b)1. 1. The interested parties fail to reach an agreement permitting discontinuance of the easements and incidental rights.

66.1005(2)(b)2. 2. The owner of the easements and incidental rights refuses to give written consent to their discontinuance.

66.1005(2)(c) (c) Damages for the discontinuance of the easements and rights described in par. (a) shall be assessed against the land benefited in the proceedings for assessment of damages or benefits upon the vacation or discontinuance of the public highway or public ground. Unless the parties agree on a different amount, the amount of the damages shall be the present value of the property to be removed or abandoned, plus the cost of removal, less the salvage value of the removed or abandoned property. The owner of the easements and incidental rights, upon application to the treasurer and upon furnishing satisfactory proof, shall be entitled to any payments of or upon the assessment of damages.

66.1005(2)(d) (d) Any person aggrieved by the assessment of damages under this subsection may appeal the assessment in the same time and manner as is provided for appeals from assessments of damages or benefits in vacation or discontinuance proceedings in the town, village or city.

66.1005 History History: 2003 a. 214 ss. 15, 86 to 91.

66.1005 Note NOTE: 2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.

66.1006 66.1006 Department of natural resources approval of discontinuance. No resolution, ordinance, order, or similar action of a town board or county board, or of a committee of a town board or county board, discontinuing any highway, street, alley, or right-of-way that provides public access to any navigable lake or stream shall be effective until such resolution, ordinance, order, or similar action is approved by the department of natural resources.

66.1006 History History: 1971 c. 164; 1993 a. 490; 1997 a. 172; 2003 a. 214 s. 100; Stats. 2003 s. 66.1006.

66.1006 Note NOTE: 2003 Wis. Act 214, which affected this section, contains extensive explanatory notes.

66.1006 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ss. NR 1.91 and 1.92, Wis. adm. code.

66.1007 66.1007 Architectural conservancy districts.

66.1007(1) (1) In this section:

66.1007(1)(a) (a) “Architectural conservancy district” means an area within a municipality consisting of contiguous parcels subject to general real estate taxes, other than railroad rights-of-way.

66.1007(1)(b) (b) “Board” means an architectural conservancy district board appointed under sub. (3) (a).

66.1007(1)(c) (c) “Chief executive officer” means a mayor, city manager, village president or town chairperson.

66.1007(1)(cm) (cm) “Historic property” means any building or structure that is any of the following: