AB130-SSA1,302,19 15(1m) (a) If the court finds that the juvenile violated a municipal ordinance
16enacted under s. 118.163 (2), the court may, in addition to or instead of the
17dispositions under sub. (1), order the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian
18to participate in counseling at the parent's, guardian's or legal custodian's own
19expense.
AB130-SSA1,303,220 (b) No order to any person under par. (a) may be entered until the person is
21given an opportunity to be heard on the contemplated order of the court. The court
22shall cause notice of the time, place and purpose of the hearing to be served on the
23person personally at least 10 days before the date of the hearing. The procedure in
24these cases shall, as far as practicable, be the same as in other cases to the court. At
25the hearing, the person may be represented by counsel and may produce and

1cross-examine witnesses. Any person who fails to comply with any order issued by
2a court under par. (a) may be proceeded against for contempt of court.
AB130-SSA1,303,6 3(2) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), if the court finds that the juvenile is
4subject to a municipal ordinance enacted under s. 118.163 (2m), the court shall enter
5an order suspending the juvenile's operating privilege, as defined in s. 340.01 (40),
6until the juvenile reaches the age of 18.
AB130-SSA1,303,107 (b) The court may enter an order making any of the dispositions specified under
8sub. (1) if the court finds that suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege, as
9defined in s. 340.01 (40), until the juvenile reaches the age of 18 would cause an
10undue hardship to the juvenile or the juvenile's family.
AB130-SSA1,303,14 11938.343 Disposition of juvenile adjudged to have violated a civil law or
12an ordinance.
Except as provided by ss. 938.342 and 938.344, if the court finds that
13the juvenile violated a civil law or an ordinance, the court shall enter an order
14making one or more of the following dispositions:
AB130-SSA1,303,15 15(1) Counsel the juvenile or the parent or guardian.
AB130-SSA1,304,2 16(2) Impose a forfeiture not to exceed the maximum forfeiture that may be
17imposed on an adult for committing that violation or, if the violation is only
18applicable to a juvenile, $50. Any such order shall include a finding that the juvenile
19alone is financially able to pay and shall allow up to 12 months for the payment. If
20a juvenile fails to pay the forfeiture, the court may suspend any license issued under
21ch. 29 or suspend the juvenile's operating privilege as defined in s. 340.01 (40), for
22not less than 30 days nor more than 5 years. The court shall immediately take
23possession of the suspended license and forward it to the department which issued
24the license, together with the notice of suspension clearly stating that the suspension
25is for failure to pay a forfeiture imposed by the court. If the forfeiture is paid during

1the period of suspension, the court shall immediately notify the department, which
2will thereupon return the license to the person.
AB130-SSA1,304,4 3(2m) Order the juvenile to be placed in a teen court program if all of the
4following conditions apply:
AB130-SSA1,304,85 (a) The chief judge of the judicial administrative district has approved a teen
6court program established in the juvenile's county of residence and the judge
7determines that participation in the teen court program will likely benefit the
8juvenile and the community.
AB130-SSA1,304,119 (b) The juvenile admits or pleads no contest in open court, with the juvenile's
10parent, guardian or legal custodian present, to the allegations that the juvenile
11violated the civil law or ordinance.
AB130-SSA1,304,1412 (c) The juvenile has not successfully completed participation in a teen court
13program during the 2 years before the date of the alleged civil law or ordinance
14violation.
AB130-SSA1,304,16 15(3) Order the juvenile to participate in a supervised work program or other
16community service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,305,2 17(4) If the violation has resulted in damage to the property of another, or in
18actual physical injury to another excluding pain and suffering, the court may order
19the juvenile to make repairs of the damage to property or reasonable restitution for
20the damage or injury if the court, after taking into consideration the well-being and
21needs of the victim, considers it beneficial to the well-being and behavior of the
22juvenile. Any such order requiring payment for repairs or restitution shall include
23a finding that the juvenile alone is financially able to pay and may allow up to the
24date of the expiration of the order for the payment. Objection by the juvenile to the

1amount of damages claimed shall entitle the juvenile to a hearing on the question of
2damages before the amount of restitution is ordered.
AB130-SSA1,305,4 3(5) If the violation is related to unsafe use of a boat, order the juvenile to attend
4a safety course under s. 30.74 (1).
AB130-SSA1,305,7 5(6) If the violation is of ch. 29, suspension of the license or licenses of the
6juvenile issued under that chapter for not more than one year or until the juvenile
7is 18 years of age, whichever occurs first.
AB130-SSA1,305,10 8(7) If the violation is related to the unsafe use of firearms, order the juvenile
9to attend a course under the hunter education and firearm safety program under s.
1029.225.
AB130-SSA1,305,12 11(8) If the violation is one under ch. 350 concerning the use of snowmobiles,
12order the juvenile to attend a safety course under s. 350.055.
AB130-SSA1,305,15 13(9) If the violation is one under s. 23.33 or under an ordinance enacted in
14conformity with s. 23.33 concerning the use of all-terrain vehicles, order the juvenile
15to enroll and participate in an all-terrain vehicle safety course.
AB130-SSA1,305,17 16(10) If the violation is related to the use or abuse of alcohol beverages or
17controlled substances, order the juvenile to do any of the following:
AB130-SSA1,305,2218 (a) Submit to an alcohol and other drug abuse assessment that conforms to the
19criteria specified under s. 938.547 (4) and that is conducted by an approved
20treatment facility. The order shall designate an approved treatment facility to
21perform the assessment and shall specify the date by which the assessment must be
22completed.
AB130-SSA1,305,2523 (b) Participate in an outpatient alcohol and other drug abuse treatment
24program if an assessment conducted under par. (a) or s. 938.295 (1) recommends
25treatment.
AB130-SSA1,306,4
1(c) Participate in a court-approved pupil assistance program provided by the
2juvenile's school board or in a court-approved alcohol or other drug abuse education
3program. The juvenile's participation in a court-approved pupil assistance program
4under this paragraph is subject to the approval of the juvenile's school board.
AB130-SSA1,306,6 5938.344 Disposition; certain intoxicating liquor, beer and drug
6violations.
AB130-SSA1,306,9 7(2) If a court finds a juvenile committed a violation under s. 125.07 (4) (b) or
8125.09 (2), or a local ordinance that strictly conforms to one of those statutes, the
9court shall order one or any combination of the following penalties:
AB130-SSA1,306,1310 (a) For a first violation, a forfeiture of not more than $50, suspension of the
11juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 1. or the juvenile's
12participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under
13s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,306,1714 (b) For a violation committed within 12 months of a previous violation, a
15forfeiture of not more than $100, suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as
16provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work
17program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,306,2118 (c) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations,
19a forfeiture of not more than $500, revocation of the juvenile's operating privilege as
20provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work
21program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,306,24 22(2b) If a court finds a juvenile committed a violation under s. 125.07 (4) (a), or
23a local ordinance which strictly conforms to s. 125.07 (4) (a), the court shall order one
24or any combination of the following penalties:
AB130-SSA1,307,4
1(a) For a first violation, a forfeiture of not less than $250 nor more than $500,
2suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 1.
3or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community
4service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,307,95 (b) For a violation committed within 12 months of a previous violation, a
6forfeiture of not less than $300 nor more than $500, suspension of the juvenile's
7operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2. or the juvenile's
8participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under
9s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,307,1310 (c) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations,
11a forfeiture of $500, revocation of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under
12s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or
13other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,307,16 14(2d) If a court finds a juvenile committed a violation under s. 125.085 (3) (b),
15or a local ordinance which strictly conforms to s. 125.085 (3) (b), the court shall order
16one or any combination of the following penalties:
AB130-SSA1,307,2017 (a) For a first violation, a forfeiture of not less than $100 nor more than $500,
18suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 1.
19or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community
20service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,307,2521 (b) For a violation committed within 12 months of a previous violation, a
22forfeiture of not less than $300 nor more than $500, suspension of the juvenile's
23operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2. or the juvenile's
24participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under
25s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,308,4
1(c) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations,
2a forfeiture of $500, revocation of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under
3s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or
4other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g).
AB130-SSA1,308,9 5(2e) (a) If a court finds a juvenile committed a violation under s. 161.573 (2),
6161.574 (2) or 161.575 (2), or a local ordinance that strictly conforms to one of those
7statutes, the court shall suspend or revoke the juvenile's operating privilege, as
8defined in s. 340.01 (40), for not less than 6 months nor more than 5 years and, in
9addition, shall order one of the following penalties:
AB130-SSA1,308,1210 1. For a first violation, a forfeiture of not more than $50 or the juvenile's
11participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under
12s. 938.34 (5g) or both.
AB130-SSA1,308,1513 2. For a violation committed within 12 months of a previous violation, a
14forfeiture of not more than $100 or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work
15program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g) or both.
AB130-SSA1,308,1816 3. For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations,
17a forfeiture of not more than $500 or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work
18program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g) or both.
AB130-SSA1,308,2419 (b) Whenever a court suspends or revokes a juvenile's operating privilege under
20this subsection, the court shall immediately take possession of any suspended or
21revoked license and forward it to the department of transportation, together with the
22notice of suspension or revocation clearly stating that the suspension or revocation
23is for a violation under s. 161.573 (2), 161.574 (2) or 161.575 (2), or a local ordinance
24that strictly conforms to one of those statutes.
AB130-SSA1,309,5
1(c) If the juvenile's license or operating privilege is currently suspended or
2revoked or the juvenile does not currently possess a valid operator's license issued
3under ch. 343, the suspension or revocation under this subsection is effective on the
4date on which the juvenile is first eligible and applies for issuance, renewal or
5reinstatement of an operator's license under ch. 343.
AB130-SSA1,309,9 6(2g) (a) After ordering a penalty under sub. (2), (2b), (2d) or (2e), the court, with
7the agreement of the juvenile, may enter an additional order staying the execution
8of the penalty order and suspending or modifying the penalty imposed. The order
9under this paragraph shall require the juvenile to do any of the following:
AB130-SSA1,309,1410 1. Submit to an alcohol and other drug abuse assessment that conforms to the
11criteria specified under s. 938.547 (4) and that is conducted by an approved
12treatment facility. The order shall designate an approved treatment facility to
13conduct the alcohol and other drug abuse assessment and shall specify the date by
14which the assessment must be completed.
AB130-SSA1,309,1715 2. Participate in an outpatient alcohol or other drug abuse treatment program
16at an approved treatment facility, if an alcohol or other drug abuse assessment
17conducted under subd. 1. or s. 938.295 (1) recommends treatment.
AB130-SSA1,309,2118 3. Participate in a court-approved pupil assistance program provided by the
19juvenile's school board or in a court-approved alcohol or other drug abuse education
20program. The juvenile's participation in a court-approved pupil assistance program
21under this subdivision is subject to the approval of the juvenile's school board.
AB130-SSA1,309,2222 4. Participate in a teen court program if all of the following conditions apply:
AB130-SSA1,310,223 a. The chief judge of the judicial administrative district has approved a teen
24court program established in the juvenile's county of residence and the judge

1determines that participation in the teen court program will likely benefit the
2juvenile and the community.
AB130-SSA1,310,53 b. The juvenile admits or pleads no contest in open court, with the juvenile's
4parent, guardian or legal custodian present, to the allegations that the juvenile
5committed the violation specified in sub. (2), (2b), (2d) or (2e).
AB130-SSA1,310,76 c. The juvenile has not successfully completed participation in a teen court
7program during the 2 years before the date of the alleged violation.
AB130-SSA1,310,138 (b) If the approved treatment facility, with the written informed consent of the
9juvenile or, if the juvenile has not attained the age of 12, the written informed consent
10of the juvenile's parent, notifies the agency primarily responsible for providing
11services to the juvenile that the juvenile has submitted to an assessment under par.
12(a) and that the juvenile does not need treatment, intervention or education, the
13court shall notify the juvenile of whether or not the penalty will be reinstated.
AB130-SSA1,310,2214 (c) If the juvenile completes the alcohol or other drug abuse treatment program,
15court-approved pupil assistance program or court-approved alcohol or other drug
16abuse education program, the approved treatment facility, court-approved pupil
17assistance program or court-approved alcohol or other drug abuse education
18program shall, with the written informed consent of the juvenile or, if the juvenile
19has not attained the age of 12, the written informed consent of the juvenile's parent,
20notify the agency primarily responsible for providing services to the juvenile that the
21juvenile has complied with the order and the court shall notify the juvenile of
22whether or not the penalty will be reinstated.
AB130-SSA1,311,623 (d) If an approved treatment facility, court-approved pupil assistance program
24or court-approved alcohol or other drug abuse education program, with the written
25informed consent of the juvenile or, if the juvenile has not attained the age of 12, the

1written informed consent of the juvenile's parent, notifies the agency primarily
2responsible for providing services to the juvenile that a juvenile is not participating,
3or has not satisfactorily completed, a recommended alcohol or other drug abuse
4treatment program, a court-approved pupil assistance program or a court-approved
5alcohol or other drug abuse education program, the court shall hold a hearing to
6determine whether the penalties under sub. (2), (2b), (2d) or (2e) should be imposed.
AB130-SSA1,311,8 7(2m) For purposes of subs. (2) to (2e), all violations arising out of the same
8incident or occurrence shall be counted as a single violation.
AB130-SSA1,311,16 9(3) If the juvenile alleged to have committed the violation is within 3 months
10of his or her 17th birthday, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this
11chapter and ch. 48 may, at the request of the district attorney or on its own motion,
12dismiss the citation without prejudice and refer the matter to the district attorney
13for prosecution under s. 125.07 (4). The juvenile is entitled to a hearing only on the
14issue of his or her age. This subsection does not apply to violations under s. 161.573
15(2), 161.574 (2) or 161.575 (2) or a local ordinance that strictly conforms to one of
16those statutes.
AB130-SSA1,311,21 17938.345 Disposition of juvenile adjudged in need of protection or
18services. (1)
If the court finds that the juvenile is in need of protection or services,
19the court shall enter an order deciding one or more of the dispositions of the case as
20provided in s. 938.34 under a care and treatment plan except that the order may not
21do any of the following:
AB130-SSA1,311,2322 (a) Place the juvenile in the serious juvenile offender program, a secured
23correctional facility or a secured child caring institution.
AB130-SSA1,311,2424 (c) Order payment of a forfeiture.
AB130-SSA1,312,2
1(d) Restrict, suspend or revoke the driving privileges of the juvenile, except as
2provided under sub. (2).
AB130-SSA1,312,53 (e) Place any juvenile not specifically found under chs. 46, 49, 51, 115 and 880
4to be developmentally disabled, mentally ill or to have exceptional educational needs
5in facilities which exclusively treat those categories of juveniles.
AB130-SSA1,312,76 (g) Order the juvenile into detention or nonsecure custody under s. 938.34 (3)
7(f).
AB130-SSA1,312,14 8(2) If the court finds that a juvenile is in need of protection or services based on
9the fact that the juvenile is a school dropout, as defined in s. 118.153 (1) (b), or based
10on habitual truancy, and the court also finds that the reason the juvenile has dropped
11out of school or is a habitual truant is a result of the juvenile's intentional refusal to
12attend school rather than the failure of any other person to comply with s. 118.15 (1)
13(a), the court, instead of or in addition to any other disposition imposed under sub.
14(1), may enter an order permitted under s. 938.342.
AB130-SSA1,312,16 15938.346 Notice to victims of juveniles' acts. (1) Each known victim of a
16juvenile's act shall receive timely notice of the following information:
AB130-SSA1,312,1817 (a) The procedure under s. 938.396 (1r) for obtaining the identity of the juvenile
18and the juvenile's parents.
AB130-SSA1,312,2019 (b) The procedure under s. 938.396 (1r) for obtaining the juvenile's police
20records.
AB130-SSA1,312,2121 (c) The potential liability of the juvenile's parents under s. 895.035.
AB130-SSA1,312,2222 (d) Either of the following:
AB130-SSA1,313,523 1. Information regarding any deferred prosecution agreement under s.
24938.245, any consent decree under s. 938.32 or any dispositional order under ss.
25938.34 to 938.345. The information may not include reports under s. 938.295 or

1938.33 or any other information that deals with sensitive personal matters of the
2juvenile and the juvenile's family and that does not directly relate to the act or alleged
3act committed against the victim. This subdivision does not affect the right of a
4victim to attend any hearing that the victim is permitted to attend under s. 938.299
5(1) (am).
AB130-SSA1,313,76 2. The procedure the victim may follow for obtaining the information in subd.
71.
AB130-SSA1,313,158 (e) The procedure under s. 938.296 under which the victim, if an adult, or the
9parent, guardian or legal custodian of the victim, if the victim is a child, may request
10an order requiring a juvenile who is alleged to have violated s. 940.225, 948.02,
11948.025, 948.05 or 948.06 to submit to a test or a series of tests to detect the presence
12of HIV, as defined in s. 252.01 (1m), antigen or nonantigenic products of HIV, an
13antibody to HIV or a sexually transmitted disease, as defined in s. 252.11 (1), and to
14have the results of that test or series of tests disclosed as provided in s. 938.296 (4)
15(a) to (e).
AB130-SSA1,313,1716 (f) The right to request and receive notice of the time and place of any hearing
17that the victim may attend under s. 938.299 (1) (am).
AB130-SSA1,313,1918 (g) The right to make a statement to the court as provided in ss. 938.32 (1) (b)
19and 938.335 (3m).
AB130-SSA1,314,3 20(1m) The intake worker shall provide notice of the information specified in sub.
21(1) (a), (b) and (c), the information specified in sub. (1) (d) relating to a deferred
22prosecution agreement under s. 938.245 and the information specified in sub. (3) if
23the inquiry is terminated without a deferred prosecution agreement before the filing
24of a petition. The district attorney or corporation counsel shall provide notice of the
25information specified in sub. (1) (e), (f) and (g), the information specified in sub. (1)

1(d) relating to a consent decree under s. 938.32 or a dispositional order under ss.
2938.34 to 938.345 and the information under sub. (3) if the proceeding is terminated
3without a consent decree or dispositional order after the filing of a petition.
AB130-SSA1,314,5 4(2) The notice under sub. (1) shall include an explanation of the restrictions on
5divulging information obtained under this chapter and the penalties for violations.
AB130-SSA1,314,9 6(3) If an inquiry or proceeding is closed, dismissed or otherwise does not result
7in a deferred prosecution agreement, consent decree or dispositional order, a
8reasonable attempt shall be made to inform each known victim of the juvenile's
9alleged act that the inquiry or proceeding has been terminated.
AB130-SSA1,314,11 10(4) If the victim is a child, the notice under this section shall be given to the
11child's parents, guardian or legal custodian.
AB130-SSA1,314,14 12(5) Chief judges and circuit judges shall establish by policy and rule procedures
13for the implementation of this section. The policies and rules shall specify when, how
14and by whom the notice under this section shall be provided to victims.
AB130-SSA1,314,22 15938.35 Effect of judgment and disposition. (1) The court shall enter a
16judgment setting forth the court's findings and disposition in the proceeding. A
17judgment in a proceeding on a petition under this subchapter is not a conviction of
18a crime, does not impose any civil disabilities ordinarily resulting from the conviction
19of a crime and does not operate to disqualify the juvenile in any civil service
20application or appointment. The disposition of a juvenile, and any record of evidence
21given in a hearing in court, is not admissible as evidence against the juvenile in any
22case or proceeding in any other court except for the following:
AB130-SSA1,314,2423 (a) In sentencing proceedings after conviction of a felony or misdemeanor and
24then only for the purpose of a presentence study and report.
AB130-SSA1,315,2
1(b) In a proceeding in any court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this
2chapter and ch. 48.
AB130-SSA1,315,43 (c) In a court of civil or criminal jurisdiction while it is exercising the
4jurisdiction of a family court and is considering the custody of juveniles.
AB130-SSA1,315,65 (cm) In a court of civil or criminal jurisdiction for purposes of setting bail under
6ch. 969 or impeaching a witness under s. 906.09.
AB130-SSA1,315,97 (d) The fact that a juvenile has been adjudged delinquent on the basis of
8unlawfully and intentionally killing a person is admissible for the purpose of s.
9852.01 (2m) (bg).
AB130-SSA1,315,14 10(1m) Disposition by the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this
11chapter and ch. 48 of any allegation under s. 938.12 or 938.13 (12) shall bar any
12future proceeding on the same matter in criminal court when the juvenile reaches
13the age of 17. This paragraph does not affect proceedings in criminal court which
14have been transferred under s. 938.18.
AB130-SSA1,315,17 15(2) Except as specifically provided in sub. (1), this section does not preclude the
16court from disclosing information to qualified persons if the court considers the
17disclosure to be in the best interests of the juvenile or of the administration of justice.
AB130-SSA1,316,6 18938.355 Dispositional orders. (1) Intent. In any order under s. 938.34 or
19938.345, the court shall decide on a placement and treatment finding based on
20evidence submitted to the court. The disposition shall employ those means necessary
21to promote the objectives specified in s. 938.01. If the disposition places a juvenile
22who has been adjudicated delinquent outside the home under s. 938.34 (3) (c) or (d),
23the order shall include a finding that the juvenile's current residence will not
24safeguard the welfare of the juvenile or the community due to the serious nature of
25the act for which the juvenile was adjudicated delinquent. If the judge has

1determined that any of the conditions specified in s. 938.34 (4m) (b) 1., 2. or 3. applies,
2that determination shall be prima facie evidence that a less restrictive alternative
3than placement in a secured correctional facility or a secured child caring institution
4is not appropriate. If information under s. 938.331 has been provided in a court
5report under s. 938.33 (1), the court shall consider that information when deciding
6on a placement and treatment finding.
AB130-SSA1,316,12 7(2) Content of order; copy to parent. (a) In addition to the order, the court
8shall make written findings of fact and conclusions of law based on the evidence
9presented to the court to support the disposition ordered, including findings as to the
10juvenile's condition and need for special treatment or care if an examination or
11assessment was conducted under s. 938.295. A finding may not include a finding that
12a juvenile is in need of psychotropic medications.
AB130-SSA1,316,1313 (b) The court order shall be in writing and shall contain:
AB130-SSA1,316,1814 1. The specific services or continuum of services to be provided to the juvenile
15and family, the identity of the agencies which are to be primarily responsible for the
16provision of the services mandated by the court, the identity of the person or agency
17who will provide case management or coordination of services, if any, and, if custody
18is to be transferred to effect the treatment plan, the identity of the legal custodian.
AB130-SSA1,317,419 2. If the juvenile is placed outside the home, the name of the place or facility,
20including transitional placements, where the juvenile shall be cared for or treated,
21except that if the placement is a foster home or treatment foster home and the name
22and address of the foster parent or treatment foster parent is not available at the time
23of the order, the name and address of the foster parent or treatment foster parent
24shall be furnished to the court and the parent within 21 days of the order. If, after
25a hearing on the issue with due notice to the parent or guardian, the court finds that

1disclosure of the identity of the foster parent or treatment foster parent would result
2in imminent danger to the juvenile, the foster parent or the treatment foster parent,
3the court may order the name and address of the prospective foster parents or
4treatment foster parents withheld from the parent or guardian.
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