109,41m
Section 41m. 343.31 (3) (bm) 4. of the statutes is amended to read:
343.31 (3) (bm) 4. Except as provided in subd. 4m., if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of other suspensions, revocations and convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 3 or more, the department shall revoke the person's operating privilege for not less than 2 years nor more than 3 years. If an Indian tribal court in this state revokes the person's privilege to operate a motor vehicle on tribal lands for not less than 2 years nor more than 3 years for the conviction specified in par. (bm) (intro.), the department shall impose the same period of revocation. After the first 90 days of the revocation period, the person is eligible for an occupational license under s. 343.10.
109,43
Section
43. 346.65 (2) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2) (b) Except as provided in
par. pars. (f)
and (g), shall be fined not less than $300 $350 nor more than $1,000 $1,100 and imprisoned for not less than 5 days nor more than 6 months if the total number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1) within a 10-year period, equals 2 within a 10-year period. Suspensions, except that suspensions, revocations or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.
109,44
Section
44. 346.65 (2) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2) (c) Except as provided in par. pars. (f) and (g), shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 30 days nor more than one year in the county jail if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 3, except that suspensions, revocations or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.
109,45
Section
45. 346.65 (2) (d) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2) (d) Except as provided in par. pars. (f) and (g), shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 60 days nor more than one year in the county jail if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 4, except that suspensions, revocations or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.
109,46
Section
46. 346.65 (2) (e) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2) (e) Except as provided in par. pars. (f) and (g), shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 6 months nor more than 5 years if the number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of suspensions, revocations and other convictions counted under s. 343.307 (1), equals 5 or more, except that suspensions, revocations or convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one.
109,47
Section
47. 346.65 (2) (g) of the statutes is created to read:
346.65 (2) (g) 1. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.17 to 0.199, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under pars. (c) to (e) are doubled.
2. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.20 to 0.249, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under pars. (c) to (e) are tripled.
3. If a person convicted had an alcohol concentration of 0.25 or above, the applicable minimum and maximum fines under pars. (c) to (e) are quadrupled.
109,49
Section
49. 346.65 (2e) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2e) If the court determines that a person does not have the ability to pay the costs and fine or forfeiture imposed under sub. (2) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or, (f) or (g), the court may reduce the costs, fine and forfeiture imposed and order the person to pay, toward the cost of the assessment and driver safety plan imposed under s. 343.30 (1q) (c), the difference between the amount of the reduced costs and fine or forfeiture and the amount of costs and fine or forfeiture imposed under sub. (2) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) or, (f) or (g).
109,50
Section
50. 346.65 (2g) (a) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2g) (a) In addition to the authority of the court under s. 973.05 (3) (a) to provide that a defendant perform community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization in lieu of part or all of a fine imposed under sub. (2) (b) to (f) (g) and except as provided in par. (ag), the court may provide that a defendant perform community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization in lieu of part or all of a forfeiture under sub. (2) (a) or may require a person who is subject to sub. (2) to perform community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization in addition to the penalties specified under sub. (2).
(am) Notwithstanding s. 973.05 (3) (b), an order under par. (a) or (ag) may only apply if agreed to by the organization or agency. The court shall ensure that the defendant is provided a written statement of the terms of the community service order and that the community service order is monitored. Any organization or agency acting in good faith to which a defendant is assigned pursuant to an order under this subsection has immunity from any civil liability in excess of $25,000 for acts or omissions by or impacting on the defendant. The issuance or possibility of the issuance of a community service order under this subsection does not entitle an indigent defendant who is subject to sub. (2) (a) to representation by counsel under ch. 977.
109,51
Section
51. 346.65 (2g) (ag) of the statutes is created to read:
346.65 (2g) (ag) If the court determines that a person does not have the ability to pay a fine imposed under sub. (2) (b) to (g), the court shall require the defendant to perform community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization in lieu of paying the fine imposed or, if the amount of the fine was reduced under sub. (2e), in lieu of paying the remaining amount of the fine. Each hour of community service performed in compliance with an order under this paragraph shall reduce the amount of the fine owed by an amount determined by the court.
109,52
Section
52. 346.65 (2g) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2g) (b) The court may require a person ordered to perform community service work under par. (a) or (ag), or under s. 973.05 (3) (a) if that person's fine resulted from violating s. 346.63 (2), 940.09 (1) or 940.25, to participate in community service work that demonstrates the adverse effects of substance abuse or of operating a vehicle while under the influence of an intoxicant or other drug, including working at an alcoholism treatment facility approved under s. 51.45, an emergency room of a general hospital or a driver awareness program under s. 346.637. The court may order the person to pay a reasonable fee, based on the person's ability to pay, to offset the cost of establishing, maintaining and monitoring the community service work ordered under this paragraph. If the opportunities available to perform community service work are fewer in number than the number of defendants eligible under this subsection, the court shall, when making an order under this paragraph, give preference to defendants who were under 21 years of age at the time of the offense. All provisions of par. (a) (am) apply to any community service work ordered under this paragraph.
109,53
Section
53. 346.65 (2g) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2g) (c) If there was a minor passenger under 16 years of age in the motor vehicle or commercial motor vehicle at the time of the violation that gave rise to the conviction, the court may require a person ordered to perform community service work under par. (a) or (ag), or under s. 973.05 (3) (a) if that person's fine resulted from violating s. 346.63 (2), (5) (a) or (6) (a), 940.09 (1) or 940.25, to participate in community service work that benefits children or that demonstrates the adverse effects on children of substance abuse or of operating a vehicle while under the influence of an intoxicant or other drug. The court may order the person to pay a reasonable fee, based on the person's ability to pay, to offset the cost of establishing, maintaining and monitoring the community service work ordered under this paragraph.
109,54
Section
54. 346.65 (2j) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2j) (b) Except as provided in par. (d), shall be fined not less than $300 nor more than $1,000 and imprisoned for not less than 5 days nor more than 6 months if the total number of prior
convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of other convictions, suspension and revocations counted under s. 343.307 (2) within a 10-year period, equals 2 within a 10-year period.
109,54m
Section 54m. 346.65 (2j) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2j) (c) Except as provided in par. (d), shall be fined not less than $600 nor more than $2,000 and imprisoned for not less than 30 days nor more than one year in the county jail if the total of prior number of convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus the total number of other convictions, suspensions and revocations counted under s. 343.307 (2), equals 3 or more.
109,55b
Section 55b. 346.65 (2w) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (2w) In determining the number of prior convictions for purposes of sub. (2j), the court shall count convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus other suspensions, revocations and convictions that would be counted under s. 343.307 (2). Revocations, suspensions and convictions arising out of the same incident or occurrence shall be counted as one. The time period shall be measured from the dates of the refusals or violations which resulted in the revocation, suspension or convictions. If a person has a conviction under s. 940.09 (1) or 940.25 in the person's lifetime, or another suspension, revocation or conviction for any offense that is counted under s. 343.307 (2), that suspension, revocation or conviction shall count as a prior suspension, revocation or conviction under this section.
109,56g
Section 56g. 346.65 (6) (a) 1. of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (a) 1. Except as provided in this paragraph, the The court may order a law enforcement officer to seize a the motor vehicle used in the violation or improper refusal and owned by the person, or, if the motor vehicle is not ordered seized, shall order a law enforcement officer to equip the motor vehicle with an ignition interlock device or immobilize any motor vehicle owned by the person, whose operating privilege is revoked under s. 343.305 (10) or who committed a violation of s. 346.63 (1) (a), (b) or (2) (a) 1. or 2., 940.09 (1) (a), or (b), (c) or (d) or 940.25 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) if the person whose operating privilege is revoked under s. 343.305 (10) or who is convicted of the violation has 2 or more prior suspensions, revocations or convictions that would be, counting convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1). The court shall may not order a motor vehicle seized, equipped with an ignition interlock device or immobilized if that would result in undue hardship or extreme inconvenience or would endanger the health and safety of a person.
109,56j
Section 56j. 346.65 (6) (a) 1. of the statutes, as affected by 1999 Wisconsin Act .... (this act), is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (a) 1. The court may order a law enforcement officer to seize the motor vehicle used in the violation or improper refusal and owned by the person, or, if the motor vehicle is not ordered seized, shall order a law enforcement officer to equip the motor vehicle with an ignition interlock device or immobilize any motor vehicle owned by the person, whose operating privilege is revoked under s. 343.305 (10) or who committed a violation of s. 346.63 (1) (a) or (b) or (2) (a) 1. or 2., 940.09 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) or 940.25 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) if the person whose operating privilege is revoked under s. 343.305 (10) or who is convicted of the violation has 2 or more prior suspensions, revocations or convictions that would be, counting convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1). The court may not order a motor vehicle seized, equipped with an ignition interlock device or immobilized if that would result in undue hardship or extreme inconvenience or would endanger the health and safety of a person.
109,57
Section
57. 346.65 (6) (a) 2. of the statutes is repealed.
109,58
Section
58. 346.65 (6) (a) 2m. of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (a) 2m. A person who owns a motor vehicle subject to seizure, equipping with an ignition interlock device or immobilization under this paragraph shall surrender to the clerk of circuit court the certificate of title issued under ch. 342 for every the motor vehicle owned by the person that is subject to seizure. The person shall comply with this subdivision within 5 working days after receiving notification of this requirement from the district attorney. When a district attorney receives a copy of a notice of intent to revoke the operating privilege under s. 343.305 (9) (a) of a person who has 2 or more prior convictions, suspensions or revocations, as counting convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1), or when a district attorney notifies the department of the filing of a criminal complaint against a person under s. 342.12 (4) (a), the district attorney shall notify the person of the requirement to surrender all certificates the certificate of title to the clerk of circuit court. The notification shall include the time limits for that surrender, the penalty for failure to comply with the requirement and the address of the clerk of circuit court. The clerk of circuit court shall promptly return each the certificate of title surrendered to the clerk of circuit court under this subdivision after stamping the certificate of title with the notation "Per section 346.65 (6) of the Wisconsin statutes, ownership of this motor vehicle may not be transferred without prior court approval". Any person failing to surrender a certificate of title as required under this subdivision shall forfeit not more than $500.
109,59
Section
59. 346.65 (6) (a) 3. of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (a) 3. The court shall notify the department, in a form and manner prescribed by the department, that an order to equip a motor vehicle with an ignition interlock device, to immobilize a motor vehicle or to seize a motor vehicle has been entered. The registration records of the department shall reflect that the order has been entered against the vehicle and remains unexecuted. Any law enforcement officer may execute that order and shall transfer any motor vehicle ordered seized to the law enforcement agency that was originally ordered to seize the vehicle based on the information provided by the department. The law enforcement agency shall notify the department when an order has been executed under this subdivision and the department shall amend its vehicle registration records to reflect that notification.
109,60
Section
60. 346.65 (6) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (b) Within 10 days after seizing or immobilizing a motor vehicle under par. (a), the law enforcement agency that seized or immobilized the vehicle shall provide notice of the seizure or immobilization by certified mail to the owner of the motor vehicle and to all lienholders of record. The notice shall set forth the year, make, model and serial number of the motor vehicle, where the motor vehicle is located, the reason for the seizure or immobilization, and the forfeiture procedure if the vehicle was seized. When a motor vehicle is seized under this section, the law enforcement agency that seized the vehicle shall place the motor vehicle in a secure place subject to the order of the court.
109,61
Section
61. 346.65 (6) (c) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (c) The district attorney of the county where the motor vehicle was seized, or where the owner improperly refused to take the test under s. 343.305 or violated s. 346.63 (1) (a) or (b) or (2) (a) 1. or 2., 940.09 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) or 940.25 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d), shall commence an action to forfeit the motor vehicle within 30 days after the motor vehicle is seized. The action shall name the owner of the motor vehicle and all lienholders of record as parties. The forfeiture action shall be commenced by filing a summons, complaint and affidavit of the law enforcement agency with the clerk of circuit court. Upon service of an answer, the action shall be set for hearing within 60 days after the service of the answer. If no answer is served or no issue of law or fact joined and the time for that service or joining of issues has expired, the court may render a default judgment as provided in s. 806.02.
109,62
Section
62. 346.65 (6) (d) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (d) At the hearing set under par. (c), the state has the burden of proving to a reasonable certainty by the greater weight of the credible evidence that the motor vehicle seized under par. (a) 1. is a motor vehicle used in the violation or the improper refusal and owned by a person who committed a violation of s. 346.63 (1) (a) or (b) or (2) (a) 1. or 2., 940.09 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) or 940.25 (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) and, if the seizure is under par. (a) 1., that the person had 2 or more prior convictions, suspensions or revocations, as counting convictions under ss. 940.09 (1) and 940.25 in the person's lifetime, plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1) or, if the seizure is under par. (a) 2., 3 or more prior convictions, suspensions or revocations, as counted under s. 343.307 (1). If the,, (c) or (d),, (c) or (d) state fails to meet the burden of proof required under this paragraph, the motor vehicle shall be returned to the owner upon the payment of storage costs.
109,62b
Section 62b. 346.65 (6) (f) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (f) If a motor vehicle forfeited and sold under this subsection is owned in whole or in part by a person other than the person who committed the violation or refusal under par. (a), any moneys remaining from the sale, after making any payment to the lienholders under par. (em) and as provided in par. (e) 1. to 4., shall be paid to that person to the extent of the person's interest in the motor vehicle.
109,62d
Section 62d. 346.65 (6) (k) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.65 (6) (k) Except as provided in par. (km), no person may transfer ownership of any motor vehicle that is subject to immobilization or seizure or to equipping with an ignition interlock device under this subsection or make application for a new certificate of title under s. 342.18 for the motor vehicle unless the court determines that the transfer is in good faith and not for the purpose of or with the effect of defeating the purposes of this subsection. The department may cancel a title or refuse to issue a new certificate of title in the name of the transferee as owner to any person who violates this paragraph.
109,62h
Section 62h. 346.65 (6) (m) of the statutes is repealed.
109,63
Section
63. 346.655 (1) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.655 (1) On or after July 1, 1988, if If a court imposes a fine or a forfeiture for a violation of s. 346.63 (1) or (5), or a local ordinance in conformity therewith, or s. 346.63 (2) or (6) or 940.25, or s. 940.09 where the offense involved the use of a vehicle, it shall impose a driver improvement surcharge in an amount of $340 $345 in addition to the fine or forfeiture, penalty assessment, jail assessment and crime laboratories and drug law enforcement assessment.
109,64
Section
64. 346.655 (2) (a) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.655 (2) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), the clerk of court shall collect and transmit the amount under sub. (1) to the county treasurer as provided in s. 59.40 (2) (m). The county treasurer shall then make payment of 37.6% 38.5% of the amount to the state treasurer as provided in s. 59.25 (3) (f) 2.
109,65
Section
65. 346.655 (2) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.655 (2) (b) If the forfeiture is imposed by a municipal court, the court shall transmit the amount to the treasurer of the county, city, town or village, and that treasurer shall make payment of 37.6% 38.5% of the amount to the state treasurer as provided in s. 66.12 (1) (b). The treasurer of the city, town or village shall transmit the remaining 62.4% 61.5% of the amount to the treasurer of the county.
109,67
Section
67. 346.93 (2f) of the statutes is created to read:
346.93 (2f) Except as provided in sub. (2g), any person violating this section may have his or her operating privilege suspended under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 1.
109,68
Section
68. 346.93 (2g) of the statutes is created to read:
346.93 (2g) Any person violating this section may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $400 and shall have his or her operating privilege:
(a) For a violation committed within 12 months of one previous violation, suspended under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2.
(b) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations, suspended under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3.
109,69
Section
69. 346.95 (2) of the statutes is amended to read:
346.95 (2) Any person violating s. 346.89 (1), 346.93 or 346.94 (2), (4) or (7) may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $400.
109,70
Section
70. 347.413 (1) of the statutes is amended to read:
347.413 (1) No person may remove, disconnect, tamper with or otherwise circumvent the operation of an ignition interlock device installed in response to the court order under s. 346.65 (6), 1997 stats., or s. 343.301 (1). This subsection does not apply to the removal of an ignition interlock device upon the expiration of the order requiring the motor vehicle to be so equipped or to necessary repairs to a malfunctioning ignition interlock device by a person authorized by the department.
109,71
Section
71. 347.413 (2) of the statutes is repealed.
109,72
Section
72. 347.417 (1) of the statutes is amended to read:
347.417 (1) No person may remove, disconnect, tamper with or otherwise circumvent the operation of any immobilization device installed in response to a court order under s. 346.65 (6), 1997 stats., or s. 343.301 (2). This subsection does not apply to the removal of an immobilization device pursuant to a court order or to necessary repairs to a malfunctioning immobilization device.
109,73
Section
73. 347.417 (2) of the statutes is amended to read:
347.417 (2) The department shall design a warning label which shall be affixed by the owner of each immobilization device before the device is used to immobilize any motor vehicle under s. 346.65 (6) 343.301 (2). The label shall provide notice of the penalties for removing, disconnecting, tampering with or otherwise circumventing the operation of the immobilization device.
109,77m
Section 77m. 800.03 (4) of the statutes is amended to read:
800.03 (4) Notwithstanding sub. (1), a court appearance is may be required by a municipality for a violation of a local ordinance in conformity with s. 346.63 (1). If a person fails to make a required appearance under this subsection and the judge issues an arrest warrant, the law enforcement agency which filed or transmitted the uniform traffic citation shall file a detailed description of the warrant with the department of justice.
109,80
Section
80. 938.344 (2) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
938.344 (2) (b) For a violation committed within 12 months of a one previous violation, a forfeiture of not more than $100, suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g). In addition, the juvenile's operating privilege may be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2., except that if the violation of s. 125.07 (4) (b) involved a motor vehicle the juvenile's operating privilege shall be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2.
938.344 (2) (c) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations, a forfeiture of not more than $500, suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g). In addition, the juvenile's operating privilege may be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3., except that if the violation of s. 125.07 (4) (b) involved a motor vehicle the juvenile's operating privilege shall be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3.
109,82
Section
82. 938.344 (2b) (b) of the statutes is amended to read:
938.344 (2b) (b) For a violation committed within 12 months of a one previous violation, a forfeiture of not less than $300 nor more than $500, suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g). In addition, the juvenile's operating privilege may be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2., except that if the violation involved a motor vehicle the juvenile's operating privilege shall be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 2.
938.344 (2b) (c) For a violation committed within 12 months of 2 or more previous violations, a forfeiture of $500, suspension of the juvenile's operating privilege as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3. or the juvenile's participation in a supervised work program or other community service work under s. 938.34 (5g). In addition, the juvenile's operating privilege may be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3., except that if the violation involved a motor vehicle the juvenile's operating privilege shall be suspended as provided under s. 343.30 (6) (b) 3.
109,84
Section
84. 940.09 (1d) of the statutes is renumbered 940.09 (1d) (b) and amended to read:
940.09 (1d) (b) If the person who committed an offense under sub. (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) has 2 or more prior convictions, suspensions or revocations, as
counting convictions under sub. (1) and s. 940.25 in the person's lifetime plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1), the procedure under s. 346.65 (6) may shall be followed regarding the immobilization or if the court orders the seizure and forfeiture of a motor vehicle owned by the person who committed the offense or the equipping of a motor vehicle owned by the person with an ignition interlock device.
109,85
Section
85. 940.09 (1d) (a) of the statutes is created to read:
940.09 (1d) (a) If a person who committed an offense under sub. (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) has one or more prior convictions, suspensions and revocations, counting convictions, under sub. (1) and s. 940.25 in the person's lifetime plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1), the procedure under s. 343.301 shall be followed if the court orders the equipping of a motor vehicle owned by the person with an ignition interlock device or the immobilization of the motor vehicle.
109,86
Section
86. 940.25 (1d) of the statutes is renumbered 940.25 (1d) (b) and amended to read:
940.25 (1d) (b) If the person who committed the offense under sub. (1) (a), (b), (c) or (d) has 2 or more prior convictions, suspensions or revocations, as
counting convictions under this section and s. 940.09 (1) in the person's lifetime plus other convictions, suspensions or revocations counted under s. 343.307 (1), the procedure under s. 346.65 (6) may shall be followed regarding the immobilization or if the court orders the seizure and forfeiture of a motor vehicle owned by the person who committed the offense or the equipping of a motor vehicle owned by the person with an ignition interlock device.
109,87
Section
87. 940.25 (1d) (a) of the statutes is created to read:
