292.24(2)
(2) Exemption from liability. Except as provided in
sub. (3), a local governmental unit is exempt from
ss. 291.25 (1) to
(5),
291.29 and
291.37, and rules promulgated under those provisions, with respect to the existence of a hazardous waste discharge on property acquired in a way or for a purpose described in
s. 292.11 (9) (e) 1m., if all of the following occur at any time before or after the date of acquisition:
292.24(2)(a)
(a) An environmental investigation of the property is conducted that is approved by the department and that identifies any hazardous waste discharges that occurred on the property.
292.24(2)(b)
(b) The hazardous waste discharges identified by the investigation under
par. (a) are cleaned up by restoring the environment to the extent practicable with respect to the discharges and minimizing the harmful effects from the discharges in accordance with rules promulgated by the department and any contract entered into under those rules.
292.24(2)(c)
(c) The local governmental unit obtains an approval from the department stating that the property has been satisfactorily restored to the extent practicable with respect to the hazardous waste discharges and that the harmful effects from the discharges have been minimized.
292.24(2)(d)
(d) The local governmental unit maintains and monitors the property as required under rules promulgated by the department and any contract entered into under those rules.
292.24(2)(e)
(e) The local governmental unit does not engage in activities that are inconsistent with the maintenance of the property.
292.24(2)(f)
(f) The local governmental unit has not obtained the certification under
par. (c) by fraud or misrepresentation, by the knowing failure to disclose material information or under circumstances in which the local governmental unit knew or should have known about more discharges of hazardous waste than were revealed by the investigation conducted under
par. (a).
292.24(2)(g)
(g) The local governmental unit did not cause the discharge of any hazardous waste identified on the property.
292.24(3)
(3) Applicability. Subsection (2) does not apply to any of the following:
292.24(3)(a)
(a) A hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility that first begins operation after the date on which the local governmental unit acquired the property.
292.24(3)(b)
(b) A licensed hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facility operated on the property before the date on which the local governmental unit acquired the property and that is operated after the date on which the local governmental unit acquired the property.
292.24(3)(c)
(c) Any hazardous waste disposal facility that has been issued a license under s.
144.441 (2), 1995 stats., or
s. 289.41 (1m), or rules promulgated under those sections, for a period of long-term care following closure of the facility.
292.24 History
History: 1999 a. 9.
292.25
292.25
Report on impact of exemptions from liability. 292.25(1)(1) The department shall biennially determine all of the following:
292.25(1)(a)
(a) The number of sites for which a person is seeking to qualify for an exemption under
s. 292.15.
292.25(1)(b)
(b) The number of sites for which a certificate of completion was issued under
s. 292.15.
292.25(1)(c)
(c) The number of sites for which a certificate of completion was issued under
s. 292.15 at which it is discovered that the cleanup failed or at which additional hazardous substances are found after the certificate of completion was issued.
292.25(1)(d)
(d) The number of sites described in
par. (b) at which the department has determined that it is necessary to conduct remedial action using moneys from the environmental fund and the estimated costs of performing that remedial action.
292.25(1)(e)
(e) The number of sites for which a claim was made against an insurance policy required under
s. 292.15.
292.25(2)
(2) No later than September 15 of each even-numbered year, the department shall submit a report describing its determinations under
sub. (1) to the legislature under
s. 13.172 (2), to the governor and to the department of administration.
292.25(3)
(3) The department may require a person to provide information necessary for the department to make the determinations under
sub. (1).
292.25 History
History: 1999 a. 9.
292.255
292.255
Report on brownfield efforts. The department of natural resources, the department of administration, and the department of commerce shall submit a report evaluating the effectiveness of this state's efforts to remedy the contamination of, and to redevelop, brownfields, as defined in
s. 560.13 (1) (a).
292.255 History
History: 1999 a. 9,
84;
2007 a. 20.
292.26
292.26
Civil immunity; local governmental units. 292.26(2)
(2) Except as provided in
sub. (3), a local governmental unit is immune from civil liability related to the discharge of a hazardous substance on or from property formerly owned or controlled by the local governmental unit if the property is no longer owned by the local governmental unit at the time that the discharge is discovered and if any of the following applies:
292.26(2)(a)
(a) The local governmental unit acquired the property through tax delinquency proceedings or as the result of an order by a bankruptcy court.
292.26(2)(b)
(b) The local governmental unit acquired the property from a local governmental unit that acquired the property under a method described in
par. (a).
292.26(2)(c)
(c) The local governmental unit acquired the property through condemnation or other proceeding under
ch. 32.
292.26(2)(d)
(d) The local governmental unit acquired the property for the purpose of slum clearance or blight elimination.
292.26(3)
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply with respect to a discharge of a hazardous substance caused by an activity conducted by the local governmental unit while the local governmental unit owned or controlled the property.
292.26 History
History: 1997 a. 27.
292.31
292.31
Environmental repair. 292.31(1)(a)1.1. The department shall compile, maintain, and make available to the public a database of all sites or facilities and other properties at which the discharge of a hazardous substance or other environmental pollution has been reported to the department. The department shall update the database regularly.
292.31(1)(a)3.
3. The decision of the department to include a site or facility or other property on the database under
subd. 1. or exclude a site or facility or other property from the database is not subject to judicial review.
292.31(1)(b)1.1. The department may take direct action under
subd. 2. or
3. or may enter into a contract with any person to take the action.
292.31(1)(b)2.
2. The department may conduct an investigation, analysis and monitoring of a site or facility and areas surrounding the site or facility to determine the existence and extent of actual or potential environmental pollution from the site or facility including, but not limited to, monitoring by means of installing test wells or by testing water supplies. The department may conduct an investigation to identify persons who are potentially responsible for actual or potential environmental pollution from a site or facility. If the department conducts an investigation to identify persons who are potentially responsible for actual or potential environmental pollution from a site or facility, the department shall make a reasonable effort to identify as many persons as possible responsible for the environmental pollution.
292.31(1)(b)3.
3. The department may determine whether a site or facility presents a substantial danger to public health or welfare or the environment and evaluate the magnitude of the danger.
292.31(1)(d)
(d)
Access to information. Upon the request of any officer, employee or authorized representative of the department, any person who generated, transported, treated, stored or disposed of solid or hazardous waste which may have been disposed of at a site or facility under investigation by the department shall provide the officer, employee or authorized representative access to any records or documents in that person's custody, possession or control which relate to:
292.31(1)(d)1.
1. The type and quantity of waste generated, transported, treated or stored which was disposed of at the site or facility and the dates of these activities.
292.31(1)(d)2.
2. The identity of persons who generated, transported, treated or stored waste which was disposed of at the site or facility.
292.31(1)(d)3.
3. The identity of subsidiary or parent corporations, as defined in 292.31 (8) (a) 3., of persons who generated, transported, treated or stored waste which was disposed of at the site or facility.
292.31(2)
(2) Environmental response rules. The department shall promulgate rules relating to investigation and remedial action for sites or facilities and other properties at which the air, land, or waters of the state have been affected by the discharge of a hazardous substance or other environmental pollution, including all of the following provisions:
292.31(2)(a)
(a) Methods for investigating the degree and extent of contamination for actions under
sub. (3).
292.31(2)(c)
(c) Methods and criteria for determining the appropriate extent of remedial action under
sub. (3).
292.31(2)(d)
(d) Means of ensuring that the costs of remedial action are appropriate in relation to the associated benefits over the period of potential human exposure to substances released by the site or facility.
292.31(2)(e)
(e) Appropriate roles and responsibilities under this section for federal, state and local governments and for interstate and nongovernmental entities.
292.31(3)(b)1.1. The department may take direct action under
subds. 2. to
9. or may enter into a contract with any person to take the action.
292.31(3)(b)2.
2. The department may take action to avert potential environmental pollution from the site or facility.
292.31(3)(b)3.
3. The department may repair the site or facility or isolate the waste.
292.31(3)(b)4.
4. The department may abate, terminate, remove and remedy the effect of environmental pollution from the site or facility.
292.31(3)(b)5.
5. The department may restore the environment to the extent practicable.
292.31(3)(b)6.
6. The department may establish a program of long-term care, as necessary, for a site or facility which is repaired or isolated.
292.31(3)(b)7.
7. The department may provide temporary or permanent replacements for private water supplies damaged by a site or facility. In this subdivision, "private water supply" means a well which is used as a source of water for humans, livestock, as defined in
s. 95.80 (1) (b), or poultry.
292.31(3)(b)8.
8. The department may assess the potential health effects of the occurrence, not to exceed $10,000 per occurrence.
292.31(3)(b)9.
9. The department may take any other action not specified under
subds. 2. to
8. consistent with this subsection in order to protect public health, safety or welfare or the environment.
292.31(3)(c)
(c)
Sequence of remedial action. In determining the sequence for taking remedial action under this subsection, the department shall consider the significance to public health, the community, and the environment of each site or facility, the amount of funds available, the information available about each site or facility, the willingness and ability of an owner, operator, or other responsible person to undertake or assist in remedial action, the availability of federal funds under
42 USC 9601, et seq., and other relevant factors. The department shall give the highest priority to remedial action at sites or facilities which have caused contamination of a municipal water system.
292.31(3)(d)
(d)
Emergency responses. Notwithstanding rules promulgated under this section or the considerations for taking action under
par. (c), the department may take emergency action under this subsection and
subs. (1) and
(7) at a site or facility if delay will result in imminent risk to public health or safety or the environment. The department is not required to hold a hearing under
par. (f) if emergency action is taken under this paragraph. The decision of the department to take emergency action is a final decision of the agency subject to judicial review under
ch. 227.
292.31(3)(e)
(e)
Access to property. Any officer, employee or authorized representative of the department may enter onto any site or facility and areas surrounding the site or facility at reasonable times and upon notice to the owner or occupant to take action under this section. Notice to the owner or occupant is not required if the delay required to provide this notice is likely to result in an imminent risk to public health or welfare or the environment.
292.31(3)(f)
(f)
Notice; hearing. The department shall publish a class 1 notice, under
ch. 985, prior to taking remedial action under this subsection and
subs. (1) and
(7), which describes the proposed remedial action and the amount and purpose of any proposed expenditure. Except as provided under
par. (d), the department shall provide a hearing to any person who demands a hearing within 30 days after the notice is published for the purpose of determining whether the proposed remedial action and any expenditure is within the scope of this section and is reasonable in relation to the cost of obtaining similar materials and services. The department is not required to conduct more than one hearing for the remedial action proposed at a single site or facility. Notwithstanding
s. 227.42, the hearing shall not be conducted as a contested case. The decision of the department to take remedial action under this section is a final decision of the agency subject to judicial review under
ch. 227.
292.31(4)
(4) Monitoring costs at nonapproved facilities owned or operated by municipalities. Notwithstanding the environmental response rules under
sub. (2) or the environmental repair authority, remedial action sequence and emergency response requirements under
sub. (3), the department shall pay that portion of the cost of any monitoring requirement which is to be paid under
s. 289.31 (7) (f) from the appropriation under
s. 20.370 (2) (dv) prior to making other payments from that appropriation.
292.31(6)
(6) Payments from the investment and local impact fund. The department may expend moneys received from the investment and local impact fund for the purposes specified under
sub. (3) only for approved mining facilities and only if moneys in the environmental fund that are available for environmental repair are insufficient to make complete payments. The amount expended by the department under this subsection may not exceed the balance in the environmental fund that is available for environmental repair at the beginning of that fiscal year or 50% of the balance in the investment and local impact fund at the beginning of that fiscal year, whichever amount is greater.
292.31(7)
(7) Implementing the federal superfund act. 292.31(7)(a)(a) The department may advise, consult, assist and contract with other interested persons to take action to implement the federal comprehensive environmental response, compensation and liability act of 1980,
42 USC 9601, et seq., in cooperation with the federal environmental protection agency. These actions include all of the actions under
subs. (1) to
(3). The department may enter into agreements with the federal environmental protection agency.
292.31(7)(am)1.1. The department may accept the transfer of an interest in property that was acquired by the federal environmental protection agency as part of a remedial action under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act,
42 USC 9601 to
9675.
292.31(7)(am)2.
2. The department may acquire an interest in property from any person as part of a remedial action conducted in cooperation with the federal environmental protection agency if the acquisition is necessary to implement the remedy. Under this subdivision, the department may acquire an interest in property that is necessary to ensure that restrictions on the use of land or groundwater are enforceable. The department may expend moneys from the appropriations under
ss. 20.370 (2) (dv) and
20.866 (2) (tg) if necessary to compensate a person for an interest in property acquired by the department under this subdivision.
292.31(7)(am)3.
3. The department may enforce the terms of any interest in property that it acquires under this paragraph.
292.31(7)(b)
(b) The department may expend moneys from the appropriations under
ss. 20.370 (2) (dv) and
20.866 (2) (tg) as required under
42 USC 9601, et seq. The department shall promulgate by rule criteria for the expenditure of moneys from the appropriations under
ss. 20.370 (2) (dv) and
20.866 (2) (tg). The criteria shall include consideration of the amount of moneys available in the appropriations under
ss. 20.370 (2) (dv) and
20.866 (2) (tg), the moneys available from other sources for the required sharing of costs, the differences between public and private sites or facilities, the potential for cost recovery from responsible parties and any other appropriate factors.
292.31(7)(c)1.1. The department may require a municipality to pay a reasonable share of the amount expended by the department for a project under
par. (b). The department shall base any share charged to a municipality for a project under
par. (b) on the following factors:
292.31(7)(c)1.a.
a. The municipality's responsibility for the site or facility affected by the project.
292.31(7)(c)1.b.
b. The benefit that the municipality receives from the project.
292.31(7)(c)2.
2. The total amount charged to all municipalities who are charged for the project may not exceed 50% of the amount expended by the department under
par. (b) for the project.
292.31(7)(c)3.
3. The department shall promulgate rules establishing criteria for determining the responsibility, for the purposes of this subsection, of a municipality for a site or facility affected by the project under
par. (b); the benefit a municipality receives from a project under
par. (b); and the ability of a municipality to pay for a project under
par. (b).
292.31(7)(c)4.
4. All moneys received under this paragraph shall be credited to the environmental fund for environmental management.
292.31(8)(a)1.
1. "Operator" means any person who operates a site or facility or who permits the disposal of waste at a site or facility under his or her management or control for consideration, regardless of whether the site or facility remains in operation and regardless of whether the person operates or permits disposal of waste at the time any environmental pollution occurs. This term includes a subsidiary or parent corporation.
