193.471(2)(a)4.
4. In the case of a criminal proceeding, the potential litigant had no reasonable cause to believe the acts or omissions were unlawful.
193.471(2)(a)5.
5. In the case of acts or omissions committed in an official capacity, as defined in
sub. (1) (a) 1. or
2., the potential litigant reasonably believed that the acts or omissions were in the best interests of the cooperative or predecessor cooperative, as applicable, and, in the case of acts or omissions committed in an official capacity, as defined in
sub. (1) (a) 3. or
4., the potential litigant reasonably believed that the conduct was not opposed to the best interests of the cooperative or predecessor cooperative, as applicable. If the acts or omissions relate to conduct as a director, officer, trustee, employee, or agent of an employee benefit plan, the conduct is not considered to be opposed to the best interests of the cooperative or predecessor cooperative if the potential litigant reasonably believed that the conduct was in the best interests of the participants or beneficiaries of the employee benefit plan.
193.471(2)(b)
(b) The termination of a proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, or conviction or upon a plea of no contest or its equivalent does not, of itself, establish that the potential litigant did not meet the applicable criteria under
par. (a).
193.471(3)
(3) Advances. Subject to
sub. (4), a potential litigant is entitled, upon written request to the cooperative, to payment or reimbursement by the cooperative of reasonable expenses, including attorney fees and disbursements, incurred by the potential litigant in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding if the potential litigant delivers to the cooperative a written statement that the potential litigant believes in good faith that the applicable criteria for indemnification under
sub. (2) (a) have been satisfied and a written undertaking by the potential litigant to repay all amounts so paid or reimbursed by the cooperative if a court determines under
sub. (6) (c) that the potential litigant is ineligible for indemnification. The written undertaking is an unlimited general obligation of the potential litigant but need not be secured, and the cooperative shall accept the written undertaking without reference to the potential litigant's financial ability to make the repayment.
193.471(4)
(4) Prohibition, conditions, and limitations on indemnification or advances. The articles or bylaws may prohibit indemnification or advances of expenses otherwise required by
subs. (2) and
(3). The articles or bylaws may impose limitations on indemnification or advances of expenses or conditions on indemnification or advances of expenses in addition to the conditions contained in
subs. (2) and
(3), if the limitations or conditions apply equally to all persons or to all persons within a given class. A prohibition, limitation, or condition contained in the articles or bylaws under this subsection does not apply to any person seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses under
sub. (2) or
(3) with respect to any acts or omissions of the person committed before the effective date of the provision in the articles or the date of adoption of the provision in the bylaws, as applicable, establishing the prohibition, limitation, or condition.
193.471(5)
(5) Reimbursement to witnesses. This section does not require, or limit the ability of, a cooperative to reimburse expenses, including attorney fees and disbursements, incurred by a person in connection with an appearance as a witness in a proceeding at a time when the person is not a potential litigant.
193.471(6)(a)(a) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, all determinations whether indemnification of a person is required under
sub. (2) and whether payment or reimbursement of expenses is required under
sub. (3) shall be made as follows:
193.471(6)(a)1.
1. By the board, except as otherwise provided in this paragraph. The directors who are, at the time, parties to the proceeding may not vote on the question of a determination under this subdivision and may not be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting at which such a question is voted upon.
193.471(6)(a)2.
2. If a quorum under
subd. 1. cannot be obtained because of the number of directors that are parties to the proceeding and except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, by a majority of a committee under
s. 193.451 (1) that consists of 2 or more directors not at the time parties to the proceeding and that is duly designated to act in the matter by a majority of all directors, including those who are parties.
193.471(6)(a)3.
3. If a determination is not made under
subd. 1. or
2. and except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, by special legal counsel, selected either by the board or a committee under
s. 193.451 (1). If selected by the board, the vote and determination of the presence of a quorum shall be made as described in
subd. 1. If selected by a committee, the committee shall be designated to act and shall vote in the manner described in
subd. 2.
193.471(6)(a)4.
4. Except as otherwise provided under this paragraph, if a determination is not made under
subd. 1. or
2. and if a quorum of the board cannot be obtained and a committee cannot be established as required under
subd. 3., by special legal counsel, selected by a majority of all directors, including directors who are parties to the proceeding.
193.471(6)(a)5.
5. If a determination is not made under
subds. 1. to
4., by the affirmative vote of the members. The membership interests held by parties to the proceeding may not be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting at which the question of a determination under this subdivision is voted upon and parties holding such membership interests may not vote on the determination.
193.471(6)(b)
(b) Except as provided in
par. (c), with respect to a person who is not, and was not at the time of the acts or omissions complained of in the proceedings, a director, chief executive officer, or person possessing, directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the cooperative, the determination whether indemnification of the person is required under
sub. (2) and whether the payment or reimbursement of expenses is required under
sub. (3) shall be made by an annually appointed committee under
s. 193.451 (1), having at least one member who is a director. Any such committee shall report at least annually to the board concerning its actions.
193.471(6)(c)
(c) Within 60 days after the termination of the applicable proceeding or the receipt of a written request for indemnification by the cooperative, whichever occurs earlier, a person seeking indemnification under
sub. (2) or payment or reimbursement of expenses under
sub. (3) may petition the circuit court for a determination of the person's eligibility for indemnification, payment, or reimbursement, if a determination is made under
par. (a) or
(b) that the person is ineligible, or if no determination is made under
par. (a) or
(b). The court shall order the cooperative to indemnify the person if indemnification is required under
sub. (2) and, if applicable, shall order the cooperative to pay or reimburse the person's expenses if the payment or reimbursement is required under
sub. (3). In addition, if the person is a director or officer of the cooperative, the court shall order the cooperative to indemnify the person if, in view of all the relevant circumstances, the person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, regardless of whether indemnification is required under
sub. (2). In a proceeding under this paragraph, the person seeking indemnification, payment, or reimbursement has the burden of establishing that indemnification is required or that the person is entitled to payment or reimbursement of expenses.
193.471(7m)
(7m) Expenses of obtaining court-ordered indemnification. If the court, in a proceeding under
sub. (6) (c), determines that the cooperative unreasonably refused a director's or officer's request for indemnification under
sub. (2), the court shall order the cooperative to pay the officer's or director's reasonable expenses incurred to obtain the court-ordered indemnification.
193.471(9)
(9) Insurance. A cooperative may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of a person in that person's official capacity against any liability asserted against and incurred by the person in or arising from that capacity, whether or not the cooperative would be required to indemnify the person against the liability under
sub. (2).
193.471(10)
(10) Disclosure. A cooperative that indemnifies or advances expenses to a person under
sub. (2) or
(3) shall report to the members in writing the amount of the indemnification or advance and to whom and on whose behalf it was paid not later than the date of the first members' meeting occurring after the payment.
193.471(11)
(11) Indemnification of other persons. This section does not limit the power of a cooperative to indemnify persons who do not act in an official capacity.
193.471 History
History: 2005 a. 441;
2007 a. 96.
193.475(1)(a)(a) The board shall elect a chairperson and one or more vice-chairpersons.
193.475(1)(b)
(b) Except as provided in
sub. (3), the board shall elect or appoint a records officer and a financial officer.
193.475(2)
(2) Chief executive and additional officers. The board may employ a chief executive officer to manage the day-to-day affairs and business of the cooperative. The board may elect additional officers as the articles or bylaws authorize or require.
193.475(3)
(3) Records officer and financial officer may be combined. The offices of records officer and financial officer may be combined.
193.475(4)
(4) Officers that shall be directors and members. The chairperson and first vice-chairperson shall each be a director and member. The financial officer, records officer, and additional officers need not be directors or members.
193.475 History
History: 2005 a. 441.
193.478
193.478
Director Education. A director shall annually attend a course in at least 2 of the following topics offered by a recognized provider of cooperative director education:
193.478(1)
(1) Duties and responsibilities of a cooperative director.
193.478(3)
(3) The board's role in defining and developing cooperative policies.
193.478(4)
(4) Understanding cooperative governance and structure.
193.478(5)
(5) Understanding financial statements, key financial ratios, and control tools.
193.478(6)
(6) Cooperative finance and equity redemption.
193.478(8)
(8) Cooperative membership communication and education.
193.478(9)
(9) Selecting and evaluating principal cooperative management.
193.478(11)
(11) Analyzing and understanding the current cooperative business environment.
193.478 History
History: 2005 a. 441.
MEMBERS
193.501(1)(1)
Requirement. A cooperative shall have at least one patron member, except that if any patron member is a natural person, a cooperative shall have at least 5 patron members who are natural persons and who are adults. A cooperative may have nonpatron members if the patron members by majority vote approve an article, bylaw provision, or amendment provision authorizing nonpatron members.
193.501(2)(a)(a) A cooperative may group members in districts or units, or on another basis, to the extent authorized in the articles or bylaws. The articles or bylaws may authorize the board to determine the grouping of members.
193.501(2)(b)
(b) The board may take all steps necessary to implement the use of groupings established under
par. (a), including setting the time and place and prescribing the rules of conduct for holding meetings by group to elect delegates to members' meetings.
193.501(3)(a)(a) A member who knowingly, intentionally, or repeatedly violates a provision of the articles or bylaws, or a member control agreement or marketing contract with the cooperative, may be required by the board to surrender the member's membership interest in the cooperative or any of the following portions of the member's membership interest:
193.501(3)(a)1.
1. Governance rights and right to assign governance rights.
193.501(3)(b)1.1. Except as provided in
subd. 2., if the board requires a member to surrender the member's membership interest or the rights described in
par. (a) 2., the cooperative shall refund to the member the lesser of the book value or market value of the membership interest or rights, as applicable, payable in not more than 7 years from the date of surrender.
193.501(3)(b)2.
2. If the board requires a patron member to surrender the patron member's rights described in
par. (a) 2., the board may transfer all of those rights to a class of financial rights held by members who are not patron members, or to a certificate of interest that carries liquidation rights on par with membership interests and that must be redeemed within 7 years after the transfer as provided in the certificate.
193.501(3)(c)
(c) The board may reissue or retire and cancel any membership interests required to be surrendered under
par. (a).
193.501(4)
(4) Inspection of cooperative records by member. 193.501(4)(a)(a) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph and
pars. (d) and
(e), a member may inspect and copy any of the records described in
s. 193.245 if the member meets the requirements of
par. (b). A member's agent or attorney has the same inspection and copying rights under this paragraph as the member. No member may inspect or copy any records of the cooperative relating to the amount of equity capital in the cooperative held by any person or any accounts receivable or other amounts due the cooperative from any person, or any personnel records or employment records relating to any employee of the cooperative, unless the member is a director or officer acting pursuant to authority of the board. Except as provided under
par. (e), records shall be inspected and copied under this paragraph during regular business hours at a reasonable location specified by the cooperative.
193.501(4)(b)
(b) A member may inspect and copy records under
par. (a) if all of the following apply:
193.501(4)(b)1.
1. The member has been a member for at least one year immediately preceding the demand to inspect or copy or holds at least 5 percent of all of the outstanding equity interests in the cooperative as of the date the demand is made.
193.501(4)(b)2.
2. The member gives the cooperative a written demand to inspect or copy at least 5 business days before the date on which the member wishes to inspect or copy the records.
193.501(4)(b)3.
3. The written demand describes with reasonable particularity the purpose for which the demand is made and the records the member desires to inspect or copy.
193.501(4)(b)4.
4. The demand is made in good faith and for a proper cooperative business purpose.
193.501(4)(b)5.
5. The records are directly connected with the described purpose.
193.501(4)(d)
(d) This section does not affect any of the following:
193.501(4)(d)1.
1. The right of a member to inspect records to the same extent as any other litigant if the member is in litigation with the cooperative.
193.501(4)(d)2.
2. The power of a court to compel the production of the cooperative's records for examination.
193.501(4)(e)
(e) If records to be inspected or copied under
par. (a) are in active use or storage and, therefore, not available at the time otherwise provided under
par. (a) for inspection or copying, the cooperative shall so notify the member and establish a date and time for the inspection or copying that is within 3 business days of the date otherwise provided under
par. (a) for inspection or copying.
193.501(4)(f)
(f) The right to copy records under
par. (a) includes, if reasonable, the right to receive copies from the cooperative. The cooperative may impose a reasonable charge for copies of any records provided to the member. The charge may not exceed the estimated cost of production and reproduction of the records. Any copies made by the member shall be made at the member's expense.
193.501(4)(g)
(g) If a cooperative refuses to allow a person to inspect or copy records that the person is entitled to inspect or copy under
par. (a) within any time period prescribed under
par. (e) or, if none, within a reasonable time, the person may petition the circuit court for the county where the cooperative's principal office is located or, if it has no principal office in this state, for the county in which the cooperative's registered office is located, for an order compelling the cooperative to permit the inspection or copying. A court that issues an order under this paragraph may impose reasonable restrictions on the use or distribution of the records by the person. A court that issues an order under this paragraph may do any of the following, unless the cooperative proves that it refused inspection or copying in good faith because it had a reasonable basis for doubt about the right of the person to inspect or copy the records under
par. (a):
193.501(4)(g)1.
1. Order the cooperative to pay the person's reasonable costs in obtaining the order, including reasonable attorney fees.
193.501(4)(g)2.
2. Order the cooperative to pay the person for any damages the person incurred by reason of the cooperative's refusal to permit inspection or copying.
193.501(4)(g)3.
3. Order the cooperative to pay the member's inspection and copying expenses, notwithstanding
par. (f).
193.501(4)(g)5.
5. Impose reasonable restrictions on the use or distribution of the records by the person.
193.501 History
History: 2005 a. 441.
193.505
193.505
Member liability. A person is not personally liable for the acts, debts, liabilities, or obligations of a cooperative merely because of the person's status as a member. A member is liable for any unpaid subscription for the member's membership interest, unpaid membership fees, or any debt for which the member has separately contracted with the cooperative.
193.505 History
History: 2005 a. 441.
193.511
193.511
Regular members' meetings. 193.511(1)
(1)
Annual meeting. A regular members' meeting shall be held annually at a time determined by the board, unless the articles or bylaws provide otherwise.
193.511(2)
(2) Location. The regular members' meeting shall be held at the principal place of business of the cooperative or at another conveniently located place as determined by the board or under the articles or bylaws.
193.511(3)
(3) Business and fiscal reports. The officers shall submit reports to the members at the regular members' meeting covering the business of the cooperative for the previous fiscal year and indicating the condition of the cooperative at the close of the fiscal year.
193.511(5)
(5) Notice. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection,
sub. (6), and
s. 193.553, the cooperative shall mail a notice of the regular members' meeting to each member at the member's last known address. The cooperative shall deposit the notice in the mail at least 15 days before the date of the meeting. In lieu of mailing, the cooperative may provide notice of the meeting by any means approved by the board and agreed to by the members. The cooperative shall provide any such notice at least 2 weeks before the date of the meeting. Any notice provided to an entity under this subsection shall be addressed or directed to an officer of the entity.
193.511(6)
(6) Waiver and objection. A member may waive notice of a regular members' meeting. A waiver is effective whether given before, at, or after the meeting, and whether given in writing, orally, or by attendance. Attendance by a member at a regular members' meeting is a waiver of notice of that meeting, except where the member objects at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and does not participate in the meeting after the objection, or objects before a vote on an item of business at the meeting because the item may not lawfully be considered at the meeting and does not participate in the consideration of the item at the meeting.
193.511 History
History: 2005 a. 441.
193.515
193.515
Special members' meetings. 193.515(1)
(1)
Calling a meeting. A special members' meeting may be called by any of the following means:
193.515(1)(b)
(b) By petition of the members under this paragraph. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the chairperson of the board shall call a special members' meeting if a written petition requesting the meeting is signed by at least 20 percent of the patron members and is submitted to the chairperson. Unless the articles or bylaws provide otherwise and except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the chairperson of the board shall call a special members' meeting if a written petition requesting the meeting is signed by at least 20 percent of the nonpatron members, 20 percent of all members, or members representing 20 percent of all membership interests and is submitted to the chairperson. A special members' meeting held under this paragraph shall be held within 30 days after submission of the petition to the chairperson. This paragraph does not authorize any meeting that is unrelated to a proper cooperative purpose.
193.515(2)
(2) Notice. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection,
sub. (3), and
s. 193.553, the cooperative shall mail a notice of any special members' meeting to each member at the member's last known address. In lieu of mailing, the cooperative may provide notice of the meeting by any means approved by the board and agreed to by the members. Any notice provided to an entity under this subsection shall be addressed or directed to an officer of the entity. Any notice provided under this subsection shall state the time, place, and purpose of the meeting. Any notice provided under this subsection shall be given at least 10 days before the date of the meeting.
