Section 13 requires the owners of harmful wild animals to report escapes to the department within 24 hours of becoming aware of the escape. This section also clarifies that the department may dispose of an escaped harmful wild animal upon determining that the animal poses a risk to public safety or to the health of other domestic or wild animals.
Related statute or rule
There are no state rules or statutes currently under promulgation that directly relate to the provisions that are proposed in this administrative order.
Comparison with federal regulations
Federal regulations allow states to manage wildlife resources and captive wild animals located within their boundaries provided they do not conflict with regulations established in the Federal Register.
As a result of rule making by the United States Fish & Wildlife Service that was completed in 2005, mute swans are no longer regulated by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and are federally unprotected. Under ch.
169, Stats., the department has the authority to regulate migratory birds held in captivity and defines migratory birds by cross-referencing Ch.
50 part 10.13 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The department currently has regulations regarding the possession of mute swans that are held in captivity but, because that species is no longer listed under Ch.
50 part 10.13 CFR, those regulations are no longer in effect.
The United States Fish & Wildlife Service has regulated gray or timber wolves by designating them as threatened or endangered species. The service does not regulate captive wolves or wolves that are hybrids with domestic dogs or coyotes.
States are responsible for the regulation of wild or feral hogs both in the wild and in captivity and none of these rule changes violate or conflict with the provisions established in the Code of Federal Regulations.
Comparison with rules in adjacent states
These rule change proposals do not represent significant policy changes and do not differ significantly from surrounding states. All surrounding states have regulations and rules in place for the management of wild animals and the regulation of certain captive wild animals.
Iowa regulates as a “Dangerous wild animal" swine which are members of the species Sus scrofa linnaeus including, but not limited to, swine commonly known as Russian boar or European boar of either sex. Possession is generally prohibited except for certain shooting preserves. Minnesota regulates Eurasian wild pigs and their hybrids (
Sus scrofa subspecies and Sus scrofa hybrids), excluding domestic hogs (S. scrofa domesticus) and European wild boars as a "restricted species" of invasive animal. Possession is prohibited in most cases. Illinois and Michigan have regulations that are primarily animal health related.
Illinois prohibits the possession of wolves and wolf hybrids under the Illinois Dangerous Animals Act. Minnesota explicitly prohibits the release or introduction of wolf-dog hybrids into the wild. Michigan's Dog Cross Act of 2000 established significant restrictions on the ownership, possession, and care of certain wolf-dog crosses; prohibits the ownership and possession of certain wolf-dog crosses and establishes fees. Iowa does not have significant regulations for wolf-dog crosses. Nationally, many states regulate or prohibit the possession of wolf-dog crosses. The state of Washington is considering a prohibition through legislation being worked on in spring, 2009.
Mute swans held in captivity in Michigan require a department permit and must be pinioned. In Minnesota, mute swans are regulated as an invasive species and a game farm permit and fencing are required for legal possession. Iowa discourages allowing the free-flight of mute swans but does not regulate them. They are present in the wild in Iowa and considered a challenge to their trumpeter swan restoration effort. Illinois does not regulate captive mute swans. Mute swans are common in the wild in Illinois.
Summary of factual data and analytical methodologies
The rule changes included in this order do not deviate from current department policy on the management of wildlife, captive wildlife, and the regulation of animals which are listed as harmful wild animals. As required by ch.
169, Stats., consultation with the Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection and the Department of Health Services has occurred.
Only persons who possessed wild or feral swine, prior to the effective date of this rule, for the purpose of producing meat could be licensed to possess that species. Animals may only be killed at or transported to licensed meat facilities.
Designation as a harmful wild animal requires a license for the possession, transportation, sales, transfer, import, and exhibition. People who are in possession of a wild or feral hog, mute swan, or wolf-dog hybrid must possess their license and display it to the department upon request and carcasses must be accompanied by information such as a receipt indicating where and when the carcasses were acquired.
Pen standards are established for all three species. Feral and wild hogs and wolf-dog hybrids must be housed in enclosures constructed of suitable materials, structurally sound, and kept in good repair. Wolf-dog hybrids must be housed in closed top pens that are a minimum of 300 square feet. There may be no more than two wolf-dog hybrids per 300 square foot pen and at least 100 additional square feet for each additional hybrid. The pen height shall be a minimum of six feet. Wolf-dog hybrid pens with open tops shall be a minimum of 1000 square feet. The walls shall be a minimum of 10 feet in height with an additional 4 feet at the top slanted in at a 30º to 45º angle. In order to allow time for owners of wolf dog hybrids to modify and improve facilities, new pen standards would not be effective until January 1, 2014. A second perimeter fence is required for feral and wild hogs and wolf-dog hybrids. Housing standards for all harmful wild animals require that animals are provided with adequate food and water, facilities that are in good repair, protected from injury, and free of trash and accumulation of waste. Housing must provide shelter from the elements and adequate space. Animals may be confined in a different manner on a temporary basis to provide health care or for transportation.
Record keeping and quarterly reporting is required for harmful wild animals and shall include records of all transactions, deaths, and harvesting of animals on the licensed premises. Reports must be submitted to the department on the last day of the months of January, April, July and October. All records must be kept by the owner for three years and displayed to the department upon request.
Taking of all three species alive from the wild without department authorization is currently prohibited under Ch.
NR 10.08(5) Wis. Admin. Code except when the person is the owner of the animal or acting on behalf of the owner. The department would continue to allow taking animals from the wild in situations such as when an individual or organization, devoted to the rescue of unwanted or escaped wolf-dog hybrids, acts as an agent of the department. The department could also allow activities by a local unit of government with responsibility for controlling nuisance or dangerous animals. Stocking any of these species into the wild is prohibited. Propagation is allowed by license except that mute swans which are not kept in pens must be sexually neutered and pinioned and wolf-dog hybrids must be sexually neutered. Rehabilitation of harmful wild animals is not allowed but medical treatment may be allowed by the department or its agents.
Reporting escapes of all three species to the department within 24 hours of discovery of the escape is required in order to facilitate recovery efforts.
The possession of harmful wild animals must be consistent with ordinances established by local units of government.
This rule making is designed to reduce the possibility of feral or wild hogs, which are held in captivity, escaping to the wild. Feral hogs, also known as wild boars, are a threat to native ecosystems and are disease threats to domestic swine herds. Pseudorabies and swine brucellosis are among several livestock diseases for which the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has established national eradication programs with a goal of elimination of the diseases from all livestock in the United States. One of the most serious challenges to achieving this goal is the widespread and growing occurrence of feral swine. Feral swine can harbor and transmit these diseases, and in some areas may serve as the most important wildlife host. A state's status with the US Department of Agriculture, in terms of being considered brucellosis-free, may depend partly on whether disease is found in the population of free roaming swine. Feral and wild swine are deemed unprotected animals in the wild and for the purposes of the proposed rules would be considered harmful when held in captivity. Any swine that has existed in the wild for seven days can be considered a harmful wild animal.
This rule is designed to reduce the occurrence of wolf-dog hybrids escaping into the wild or posing a threat to human health. Wolves which share genetic material with domestic dogs have been documented in packs of wild wolves on three occasions in Wisconsin and alone in significantly more instances. Experience has shown that wolves which have some domestic heritage are more likely than wild wolves to interact with humans and domestic animals in negative ways. These actions, including depredation of domestic animals, pose a threat to the management of wild wolves and a threat to the genetics of wild wolves. Wolf-dog hybrids are responsible for fatal attacks on humans in neighboring states and have attacked people in Wisconsin. Improper care and containment of wolf-dog crosses can be a significant risk of physical harm to people.
This rule is designed to reduce the likelihood of mute swans escaping from captivity and becoming established in the wild where they compete with native waterfowl, including trumpeter swans, for breeding, feeding, and living space. Mute swans have shown that they are extremely well adapted to surviving in the wild in Wisconsin. Existing rules already require that swans which are not pinioned and neutered must be housed in covered enclosures. These regulations are not currently in effect but are restored in this rule by eliminating the need to cross-reference federal regulations. A new provision of this proposal is that mute swan escapes shall be reported to the department within 24 hours of becoming aware of the escape.
Analysis and supporting documents used to determine effect on small business
These rules, and the legislation which grants the department rule making authority, do not have a significant fiscal effect on the private sector or small businesses. These rules will allow the possession, propagation, and sale of mute swans in a manner which is identical to regulations which were in effect prior to a change to the Code of Federal Regulations which invalidated state regulations by eliminating a cross reference in code language.
The possession and sale of wolf-dog hybrids would continue to be allowed under this rule proposal with certain conditions. Propagation would not be allowed under this proposal. Propagation for sale in Wisconsin is believed to be a limited activity that would have limited to no effect on small businesses. Likewise, the possession and propagation of feral swine would continue to be allowed by certain people for the purposes of meat production. People who possess wild or feral swine for other purposes are not believed to be benefitting economically and there would be no business effect.
Small Business Impact
In most cases these rules are applicable to individual animal owners. Business owners who posses wild or feral hogs, mute swans, or wolf-dog hybrids would be subject to compliance standards through a requirement that enclosures be of sufficient construction to contain those species. For wolf-dog hybrid owners, compliance with pen standards would not be required until 2014. Permanent marking of wild or feral swine and wolf-dog hybrids would be required. Wolf-dog hybrids would need to be sexually neutered. Annual reporting of animals acquired and sold or which die would be required. Additionally, business owners would be required to report events of animal escape to the department within 24 hours of becoming aware of the escape.
Pursuant to s.
227.114, Stats., it is not anticipated that the proposed rules will have a significant economic impact on small businesses.
Environmental Impact
The Department has made a preliminary determination that this action does not involve significant adverse environmental effects and does not need an environmental analysis under ch.
NR 150, Wis. Adm. Code. However, based on the comments received, the Department may prepare an environmental analysis before proceeding with the proposal. This environmental review document would summarize the Department's consideration of the impacts of the proposal and reasonable alternatives.
Fiscal Estimate
Assumptions used in arriving at fiscal estimate
This proposed rule making will require a license issued under the authority of Ch.
169, Stats., Captive Wildlife, for the possession of mute swans, wolf-dog hybrids and feral or wild swine.
The process used by the department to collect fees, store licensing information, reports, and issue renewal notices is already established. The department anticipates that most individuals would apply for a Class B Captive Wild Animal Farm License (CWAFL). The fee for a CWAFL is $50 the first year and $25 for annual renewal. The higher cost during the first year is to compensate for site inspections that may be conducted by department staff during initial licensing.
Only people who possess feral or wild swine prior to the effective date of this rule and for the purpose of meat production may be licensed. It is anticipated that as few as two facilities may be eligible. Prior to January 1, 2003 the department had authority to require game farm or exhibiting licenses for people who possess mute swans. The maximum number of licensed facilities with mute swans was 8. Because of the limited number of these licenses to be issued and the department's ability to generate approximately $500 to recover the cost of inspections, no fiscal impact is anticipated by requiring licenses for these species.
The number of people who currently possess wolf-dog hybrids and will require a license under this rulemaking is difficult to estimate; however, it is possible that Wisconsin's numbers may be comparable to Michigan, which already requires similar licensing under its Wolf-Dog Cross Act and licensed a total of 29 individuals in 2007 to possess wolf-dog hybrids.
One-Time Costs/Revenues
It will take a wildlife manager approximately 2 hours to inspect a facility multiplied by the average value of salary and fringe of $32. Therefore, assuming that Wisconsin permitting activity will be comparable to Michigan, total one-time costs to permit new facilities will be $1,856 ($64 x 29 permittees) and total one-time revenues for new permittees will be $1,450 ($50 x 29 permittees). While department staff are learning how to permit these new facilities, it is possible that multiple site visits may be needed in an effort to work cooperatively with some permittees to ensure their facilities are compliant, which would result in higher costs. It is also possible that the number of permittees may be higher in Wisconsin than Michigan.
Ongoing Costs/Revenues
The effort required to license new facilities for these species will be greatest upon initial implementation. Therefore, in subsequent years, no significant costs are anticipated whereas ongoing revenues are estimated to be $725 ($25 annual renewal fee x 29 permittees).
State fiscal effect
Increase costs — that may be possible to absorb within the agency's budget.
Local government fiscal effect
None.
Fund sources affected
SEG.
Affected Ch.
20 appropriations
Agency Contact Person
Scott Loomans
101 South Webster St.
PO Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707-7921
(608) 267-2452
Notice of Hearings
Natural Resources
Fish, Game, etc., Chs.
NR 1—
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that pursuant to ss.
29.014 and
227.11, Stats., the Department of Natural Resources will hold public hearings on revisions to Chapter
NR 10, Wis. Adm. Code relating to deer management unit population goals.
Hearing Information
The hearings will be held beginning at 7:00 p.m. on the following dates and locations:
August 13, Thursday
West Bend Public Agency Center, Room 1113 A and B,
333 E. Washington St., West Bend, 53095
August 18, Tuesday
Wausau Best Western Midway Hotel,
2901 Hummingbird Road, Wausau, 54401
August 18, Tuesday
Rhinelander's James Williams Middle School,
915 Acacia Lane, Rhinelander, 54501
August 19, Wednesday
La Crosse State Office Bldg., Basement Conference Rooms, 3550 Mormon Coulee Road, La Crosse, 54601
August 19, Wednesday
Northeast Wis. Technical College, Room CB 213 A and B, 2740 W. Mason Street, Green Bay, 54307
August 27, Thursday
Northern Great Lakes Visitor Center,
29270 County Highway G, Ashland, 54806
August 31, Monday
Dunn County Fish and Game Association Clubhouse,
1600 Pine Ave E., Menomonie, 54751
The hearing will be preceded by a public hearing on Board Order WM-21-07 relating to regulating feral or wild swine, wolf-dog hybrids and mute swans as captive wild animals. The hearing on WM-21-07 begins at 6:00 p.m. at the same location.
Pursuant to the Americans with Disabilities Act, reasonable accommodations, including the provision of informational material in an alternative format, will be provided for qualified individuals with disabilities upon request. Please call Scott Loomans at (608) 267-2452 with specific information on your request at least 10 days before the date of the scheduled hearing.
Copies of Proposed Rules and Submission of Written Comments
The proposed rule and fiscal estimate may be reviewed and comments electronically submitted at the following Internet site:
http://adminrules.wisconsin.gov. Written comments on the proposed rule may be submitted via U.S. mail to Mr. Scott Loomans, Bureau of Wildlife Management, P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707. Comments may be submitted until August 31, 2009. Written comments whether submitted electronically or by U.S. mail will have the same weight and effect as oral statements presented at the public hearings. A personal copy of the proposed rule and fiscal estimate may be obtained from Mr. Loomans.
Analysis Prepared by Department of Natural Resources
Statutes interpreted
Statutory authority
