CR 21-088 Rule Text

—PFHxA - 400,000 parts per trillion

—GenX - 370 parts per trillion

Minnesota has established the health based guidance levels for the following PFAS contaminants:

—PFOA - 35 parts per trillion

—PFOS - 15 parts per trillion

—PFHxS - 47 parts per trillion

9. Summary of Factual Data and Analytical Methodologies Used and How Any Related Findings: Support the Regulatory Approach Chosen: The proposed MCLs (20 ppt for PFOA and PFOS individually and combined) are based on the recommendations of DHS. An analysis of the available research informed the decision to recommend groundwater enforcement standards to be promulgated into ch. NR 140, Wis. Adm. Code. Generally, these standards are the same as the drinking water standards in ch. NR 809, Wis. Adm. Code.

An evaluation of the costs associated with the EPA HAL of 70 ppt was also studied and is presented in the economic impact analysis (EIA) for this proposed rule. The majority of states that are or have promulgated MCLs for PFOA and PFOS are similar or lower than the 20 ppt proposed in Wisconsin.

The proposed monitoring frequency and types of public drinking water systems subject to the proposed MCLs are consistent with the requirements of other Synthetic Organic Contaminants in the Safe Drinking Water Act and ch. NR 809, Wis. Adm. Code.

10. Analysis and Supporting Documents Used to Determine the Effect on Small Business or in Preparation of an Economic Impact Report: The department used data from Michigan’s 2017 – 2019 study of over 1,700 public water systems as a proxy for PFOS/PFOA data that are not yet available in Wisconsin. We also used national data from EPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) program to estimate an average number of systems that might exceed the proposed MCLs in Wisconsin. The average of these two data sets produced an estimate of 1.35% of systems in Wisconsin exceeding an MCL. Small business effects were determined by assuming that all entities that are not large community wells in the Wisconsin estimates in this analysis are potential small business. Detailed assessment of costs are in the economic impact analysis form attached. Sources of factual data used in the analysis include the following:

1. Data from Michigan Environment, Great Lakes and Energy on PFOS/PFAS testing at public water systems between 2017 and 2019. The percentage of wells found to have detections of these compounds, and the percentage of systems with results above 20 ppt.

2. Data from the EPA UCMR3 sampling between 2013 and 2015. The percentage of systems with results above 20 ppt.

3. The analysis cost of PFAS at the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

4. The average cost of drilling a new well in Wisconsin at Non-Community systems.

5. The average cost of drilling a new well in Wisconsin at small community systems.

6. The average cost of treatment for the control of PFAS in other states at municipal water systems.

7. The number of wells in Wisconsin that would be subject to the proposed standards.

11. Effect on Small Business (initial regulatory flexibility analysis): After removing large community water systems from the data set, the remaining small community water systems and Non-Transient Non-Community systems were considered to be small business entities for the purpose of this analysis. The department estimated the compliance cost of these entities to be 70% of the total public water systems that may be subject to these MCLs. Thus, the monitoring costs for this subgroup are also expected to be approximately 70% of the total. On average, monitoring costs for small community water systems and Non-transient Community systems are estimated to be $1 Million in the first year.

The department will allow for monitoring waivers to reduce the frequency of required monitoring at public water systems with no detection levels of PFAS. A detailed assessment of regulatory flexibility is presented in Attachment A of the economic impact analysis, question #4. This includes waivers and staggered monitoring schedules.

12. Agency Contact Person: Adam DeWeese; 101 S. Webster Street, Madison, WI 53703; [e-mail]; [phone]

13. Place where comments are to be submitted and deadline for submission:

Written comments may be submitted at the public hearings, by regular mail, or email to:

Adam DeWeese – DG/5

Department of Natural Resources

101 S. Webster Street

PO Box 7921

Madison, WI 53707

[e-mail]

Comments may be submitted to the department contact person listed above or to [e-mail] until the deadline given in the upcoming notice of public hearing. The notice of public hearing and deadline for submitting comments will be published in the Wisconsin Administrative Register and on the department’s website, at https://dnr.wi.gov/calendar/hearings/. Comments may also be submitted through the Wisconsin Administrative Rules Website at https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/chr/active.

RULE TEXT

Section 1   NR 809.04 (59h) is created to read:

NR 809.04 (59h) “Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances” or “PFAS” means a large group of human-made chemicals that are part of the synthetic organic contaminants classification.

Section   NR 809.20 (1) Table is amended to read:

NR 809.20 (1) Table

Contaminant

MCL (mg/L)

Alachlor

0.002

Atrazine

0.003

Benzo[a]pyrene

0.0002

Carbofuran

0.04

Chlordane

0.002

2,4-D

0.07

Dalapon

0.2

Dibromochloropropane

0.0002

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

0.4

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

0.006

Dinoseb

0.007

Diquat

0.02

Endothall

0.1

Endrin

0.002

Ethylene Dibromide

0.00005

Glyphosate

0.7

Heptachlor

0.0004

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0002

Hexachlorobenzene

0.001

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

0.05

Lindane

0.0002

Methoxychlor

0.04

Oxamyl

0.2

Pentachlorophenol PFOS and PFOA

0.001 0.000020

Picloram

0.5

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

0.0005

Simazine

0.004

2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)

3x10-8

Toxaphene

0.003

2,4,5-TP

0.05

Section 2   NR 809.20 (2) (d) is created to read:

NR 809.20 (2) (d) Granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, ion exchange resins, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis for PFOS and PFOA.

Section 3   NR 809.203 (1) Table is amended to read:

NR 809.203 (1) Table

Contaminant

Detection Limit (mg/L)

1. Alachlor

0.0002

2. Aldicarb

0.0005

3. Aldicarb sulfoxide

0.0005

4. Aldicarb sulfone

0.0008

5. Atrazine

0.0001

6. Benzo[a]pyrene

0.00002

7. Carbofuran

0.0009

8. Chlordane

0.0002

9. 2,4-D

0.0001

10. Dalapon

0.001

11. Dibromochloropropane

0.00002

12. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

0.0006

13. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

0.0006

14. Dinoseb

0.0002

15. Diquat

0.0004

16. Endothall

0.009

17. Endrin

0.00001

18. Ethylene dibromide

0.00001

19. Glyphosate

0.006

20. Heptachlor

0.00004

21. Heptachlor epoxide

0.00002

22. Hexachlorobenzene

0.0001

23. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

0.0001

24. Lindane

0.00002

25. Methoxychlor

0.0001

26. Oxamyl

0.002

27. Picloram

0.0001

28. Polychlorinated biphenyls   (PCBs as decchlorobiphenyls)

0.0001

29. Pentachlorophenol

0.00004

30. Simazine

0.00007

31. Toxaphene

0.001

32. 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)

0.000000005

33. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

0.0002

30. Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)

0.000002

31. Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

0.000002

32. Simazine

0.00007

33. Toxaphene

0.001

34. 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)

0.000000005

35. 2,4,5-TP (Silvex)

0.0002

Section 4   NR 809.203 (2) Table CM and (4) Table D are amended to read:

NR 809.203 (2) Table CM

Table CM SDWA Approved Methodology for Synthetic Organic Contaminants

Contaminant

EPA Methods1

SM9

SM Online10

ASTM

Other

Regulated Parameters:

Synthetic Organic Chemicals

2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin)

1613

2,4-D 2 (as acids, salts and esters)

515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4

D5317-93, 98 (Reapproved 2003)

2,4,5-TP 2 (Silvex)

515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4

6640 B,

6640 B-01, B-0611

D5317-93, 98 (Reapproved 2003)

Alachlor

507, 525.2, 525.32 508.1, 5058, 551.1

Atrazine 3

507, 525.2, 525.3 508.1, 5058, 551.1, 536

Syngenta4 AG-625

Benzo(a)pyrene

525.2, 525.3, 550, 550.1

Carbofuran

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Chlordane

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505

Dalapon

552.1 515.1, 552.2, 515.3, 515.4, 552.3, 557

6640 B

6640 B-01, 06

Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate

506, 525.2, 525.3

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

506, 525.2, 525.3

Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)

504.1, 551.1, 524.39

Dinoseb

515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4

6640 B

6640 B-01, 06

Diquat

549.2

Endothall

548.1

Endrin

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

504.1, 551.1, 524.3

Glyphosate

547

66516 6651 B

6651 B-01, B-06

Heptachlor

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Heptachlor Epoxide

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Hexachlorobenzene

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Lindane

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Methoxychlor

508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1, 505, 551.1

Oxamyl

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

PCBs (as decachlorobiphenyl)

508A7

(as Aroclors)

508.1, 508, 525.2, 525.3, 505

Pentachlorophenol

515.2, 525.2, 525.3, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4

D5317-93, 98 (Reapproved 2003)

Picloram 2

515.2, 555, 515.1, 515.3, 515.4

6640 B

6640 B-01

D5317-93, 98 s (Reapproved 2003)

Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS)

537, 537.1, 533

Wis. PFAS Method

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

537, 537.1 533

Wis. PFAS Method

Simazine

507, 525.2, 525.3, 523, 536, 508.1, 5058, 551.1

Toxaphene

508, 508.1, 525.2, 525.3, 505

Unregulated Parameters:

Aldicarb

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Aldicarb sulfone

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Aldicarb Sulfoxide

531.1 , 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Aldrin

505, 508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1

Butachlor

507, 525.2, 525.3

Carbaryl

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Dicamba

515.1, 555, 515.2, 515.3, 515.4

6640 B

6640 B-01, B-06

Dieldrin

505, 508, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1

3-Hydroxcarbofuran

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Methomyl

531.1, 531.2

66105 6610 B

6610 B-04

Metolachlor

507, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1

Metribuzin

507, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1

Propachlor

507, 525.2, 525.3, 508.1

(4) Table D

Table D Sample Preservation, Holding Times, and Sampling Containers for Organic Parameters

Method

Preservative2

Sample Holding Time

Extract Holding Time and Storage Conditions

Suggested Sample Size

Type of Container

502.22

Sodium Thiosulfate or Ascorbic Acid, 4C, HCl pH<2

14 days

NA

40 – 120 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

504.1

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C

14 days

4C, 24 hours

40 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

505

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C

14 days (7 days for Heptachlor)

4C, 24 hours

40 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

506

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, Dark

14 days

4C, Dark 14 days

1 L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

507

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, Dark

14 days (See method for exceptions.)

4C, Dark 14 days

I L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

508

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, Dark

7 days (See method for exceptions.)

4C, Dark 14 days

I L

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

508A

Cool, 4C

14 days

30 days

I L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

508.1

Sodium Sulfite, HCl pH<2, Cool, 4C

14 days (See method for exceptions.)

30 days

I L

Glass with PTFE Lined Cap

515.1

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, Dark

14 days

4C, Dark 28 days

I L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

515.2

Sodium Thiosulfate or Sodium Sulfite, HCl pH<2 Cool, 4C, Dark

14 Days

4C, Dark 14 Days

I L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

515.3

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, Dark

14 days

4C, Dark 14 Days

50 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

515.4

Sodium Sulfite, Dark, Cool 10C for First 48 hrs, 6C thereafter

14 days

0C 21 days

40 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

524.22

Ascorbic Acid or Sodium Thiosulfate, HCl pH<2, Cool 4C

14 days

NA

40 – 120 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

524.32

Maleic and Ascorbic Acids pH<2, 10C for first 48 hrs., 6 thereafter. If only analyzing TTHM: Sodium Thiosulfate pH<2, 10C for first 48 hrs., 6 thereafter

14 days

NA

40 – 120 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

525.2

Sodium Sulfite, Dark, Cool, 4C, HCl pH<2

14 days (See method for exceptions)

4C 30 days

1 L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

531.1, 6610

Sodium Thiosulfate, Monochloroacetic Acid pH<3, Cool, 4ºC

Cool 4C from collection until storage at laboratory; <-10C at the laboratory; 28 days

NA

60 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

531.2

Sodium Thiosulfate, Potassium Dihydrogen Citrate Buffer pH<4, Dark 10C for first 48 hrs., 6ºC thereafter

28 days

NA

40 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

537, 537.1

Trizma – 5.0 g/L

Cool < 10° during first 48 hours after collection. 28 days

< 6° at the laboratory until extraction. 28 days

250 mL

250- mL polypropylene bottle

533

Ammonium acetate 1.0 g/L

Cool < 10° during first 48 hours after collection. 28 days

< 6° at the laboratory until extraction. 28 days

250 mL

250- mL polypropylene bottle

Wis. PFAS

Trizma – 5.0 g/L

Cool < 10° during first 48 hours after collection. 28 days

< 6° at the laboratory until extraction. 28 days

250 mL

250- mL polypropylene bottle

547

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C

14 days; 18 mos. Frozen

NA

60 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

548.1

Sodium Thiosulfate, HCl pH 1.5 -2 if High Biological Activity, Cool, 4C, Dark

7 days

4C 14 days

 250 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

549.2

Sodium Thiosulfate, H2SO4 pH<2, if Biologically Active, Cool 4C, Dark

7 days

21 days

 250 mL

High Density Amber Plastic or Silanized Amber Glass

550

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, HCl pH<2

7 days

4C, Dark 30 days

1 L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

550.1

Sodium Thiosulfate, Cool, 4C, HCl pH<2

7 days

4C, Dark 40 days

1 L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

551.1

Sodium Sulfite, Ammonium Chloride, pH 4.5-5.0 with Phosphate Buffer, Cool, 4C

14 days

14 days <-10C

 40 mL

Glass with PTFE1 Lined Septum

552.1

Ammonium Chloride, Cool, 4C, Dark

28 days

4C, Dark 48 hrs.

250 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

552.2

Ammonium Chloride, Cool, 4C, Dark

14 days

4C, Dark, 7 days -10C, 14 days

50 mL

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

555

Sodium Sulfite,HCl pH 2,Dark, Cool, 4C

14 days

NA

 100 mL

Glass wit PTFE1 Lined Cap

1613

Sodium Thiosulfate,Cool, 0 - 4C, Dark

1 year

40 days recommended

1 L

Amber Glass with PTFE1 Lined Cap

Section 5   NR 809.205 (1g) and (1r) are created to read:

NR 809.205 (1g) Schedule for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid monitoring. Community and non-transient non-community public water systems shall comply with initial monitoring requirements under sub. (1r) (a) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid beginning on the following dates:

(a) Public water systems serving a population greater or equal to 50,000 [3 months after the rule becomes effective – LRB inserts date].

(b) Public water systems serving a population 10,000 to 49,999 [6 months after the rule becomes effective – LRB inserts date].

(c) Public water systems serving a population less than 10,000 [9 months after the rule becomes effective – LRB inserts date].

(1r) Monitoring frequency for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid. Water suppliers shall monitor to determine compliance with the maximum contaminant level for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid at the following frequencies:

(a) Initial monitoring. Water suppliers for new community public water systems or for community public water systems with new sources shall demonstrate compliance with the MCLs prior to initiating water service. Water suppliers for each community and non-transient, non-community water system shall take 4 consecutive quarterly samples for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid beginning on the dates specified under sub. (1g) or beginning with the year the public water system initiates water service, or a new source is put into service, and every compliance period thereafter unless the requirements of pars. (b) and (c) are met.

(b) Initial Waiver Evaluation For perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid the department may waive the final 2 quarters of initial monitoring for a sampling point if the results of the samples from the previous 2 quarters are below the detection limit.