1.055
1.055
National forest. 1.055(1)(1) Consent of this state is given to the acquisition by the United States by purchase, gift, lease or condemnation, with adequate compensation therefor, of such areas of land not exceeding 2,000,000 acres as the United States deems necessary for the establishment of national forests in the state, in accordance with the act of congress approved June 7, 1924, and the board of commissioners of public lands are authorized to sell and convey for a fair consideration to the United States any state lands included within such areas; provided, that this state shall retain concurrent jurisdiction with the United States in and over such areas so far that civil process, in all cases, and such criminal process as may issue under the authority of this state against any persons charged with the commission of any crime within or without said areas, may be executed thereon in like manner as if this consent had not been given. Provided, further, that the boundaries of any areas so selected shall be first approved by the governor, the board of commissioners of public lands, the department of natural resources, and the county board of each county in which any such area is located.
1.055(2)
(2) Power is conferred upon the congress of the United States to pass such laws and to make or provide for the making of such rules and regulations, of both a civil and criminal nature and provide punishment therefor, as in its judgment may be necessary for the administration, control and protection of such lands as may be acquired by the United States under
sub. (1).
1.056
1.056
State conservation areas. Consent of this state is given to the United States to acquire by purchase, gift, lease or condemnation, with adequate compensation therefor, areas of land and water within boundaries approved by the governor and the county board of the county in which the land is located, for the establishment of state forests, state parks or other state conservation areas to be administered by the state under long-term leases, treaties or cooperative agreements, which the department of natural resources is hereby authorized to enter into on behalf of the state with the federal government.
1.06
1.06
Surveys by United States; adjustment of damages. Any person charged under the laws of the United States with the execution of a survey or any part thereof, may enter upon any lands in this state for the purpose of doing any act necessary to the performance of the survey. The person may erect on the lands any signals, temporary observatories or other small frame structures, establish permanent marks of stations, and encamp on the land. The person is liable for all actual damages done thereby. If the amount of the damages cannot be agreed upon by the person, or any representative of the federal government, and the owner or occupant of the lands entered upon, either of them may petition the circuit court for the county in which the lands, or any part of them, are situated for the appointment of a day for the hearing of the parties and their witnesses and the assessment of the damages. The hearing shall be held at the earliest practicable time after 14 days' notice of the time and place is given to all the parties interested in the manner the court orders. The damages may be assessed by the court with or without a view of the premises. If the damages assessed do not exceed the sum tendered the occupant or owner of the land, the person who made the tender shall recover costs; if they are in excess of that sum, the other party shall recover costs, which shall be allowed and taxed in accordance with the rules of the court.
1.06 History
History: 1977 c. 449.
1.07
1.07
State coat of arms. The coat of arms of the state of Wisconsin is declared to be as follows:
Arms.—Or, quartered, the quarters bearing respectively a plow, a crossed shovel and pick, an arm and held hammer, and an anchor, all proper; the base of shield resting upon a horn of plenty and pyramid of pig lead, all proper; over all, on fesse point, the arms and motto of the United States, namely: Arms, palewise of 13 pieces argent and gules; a chief azure; motto (on garter surrounding inescutcheon), "E pluribus unum".
Crest.—A badger, passant, proper.
Supporters.—Dexter, a sailor holding a coil of rope, proper; sinister, a yeoman resting on a pick, proper.
Motto.—Over crest, "Forward".
1.07 History
History: 1975 c. 41.
1.07 Note
NOTE: An example of the state coat of arms is shown below:
1.08(1)(1) The Wisconsin state flag consists of the following features:
1.08(1)(a)
(a) Relative dimensions of 2 to 3, hoist to fly.
1.08(1)(c)
(c) The state coat of arms, as described under
s. 1.07, in material of appropriate colors, applied on each side in the center of the field, of such size that, if placed in a circle whose diameter is equal to 50% of the hoist, those portions farthest from the center of the field would meet, but not cross, the boundary of the circle.
1.08(1)(d)
(d) The word "WISCONSIN" in white, capital, condensed Gothic letters, one-eighth of the hoist in height, centered above the coat of arms, midway between the uppermost part of the coat of arms and the top edge of the flag.
1.08(1)(e)
(e) The year "1848" in white, condensed Gothic numbers, one-eighth of the hoist in height, centered below the coat of arms, midway between the lowermost part of the coat of arms and the bottom edge of the flag.
1.08(1)(f)
(f) Optional trim on the edges consisting of yellow knotted fringe.
1.08(2)
(2) The department of administration shall ensure that all official state flags that are manufactured on or after May 1, 1981 conform to the requirements of this section. State flags manufactured before May 1, 1981 may continue to be used as state flags.
1.08 History
History: 1979 c. 286.
1.09
1.09
Seat of government. Be it enacted by the council and house of representatives of the territory of Wisconsin, that the seat of government of the territory of Wisconsin, be and the same is located and established at the town of Madison, between the 3rd and 4th of the 4 lakes, on the corner of sections 13, 14, 23 and 24 in township 7, north, of range 9, east.
1.10
1.10
State song, state dance and state symbols. The Wisconsin state song is "On, Wisconsin", music written by W. T. Purdy, the words to which are as follows: "On, Wisconsin! On, Wisconsin! Grand old badger state! We, thy loyal sons and daughters, Hail thee, good and great. On, Wisconsin! On, Wisconsin Champion of the right, `Forward', our motto — God will give thee might!". The Wisconsin state dance is the polka. The state symbols are as follows: The mourning dove (zenaidura macroura corolinensis linnaus) is the symbol of peace; the Wisconsin state beverage is milk; the Wisconsin state tree is the sugar maple (acer saccharum); the Wisconsin state grain is corn (Zea mays); the Wisconsin state flower is the wood violet (viola papilionacea); the Wisconsin state bird is the robin (turdus migratorius); the Wisconsin state fish is the muskellunge (Esox masquinongy masquinongy Mitchell); the Wisconsin state animal is the badger (taxidea taxus); the Wisconsin domestic animal is the dairy cow (bos taurus); the Wisconsin wildlife animal is the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus); the Wisconsin state dog is the American water spaniel; the Wisconsin state insect is the honey bee (apis mellifera); the Wisconsin state fossil is the trilobite (calymene celebra); the Wisconsin state mineral is the galena (lead sulfide); the Wisconsin state rock is the red granite; and the Wisconsin state soil is the Antigo silt loam (typic glossoboralf). The Wisconsin Blue Book shall include the information contained in this section concerning the state song, dance, beverage, tree, grain, flower, bird, fish, animal, domestic animal, wildlife animal, dog, insect, fossil, mineral, rock and soil.
1.11
1.11
Governmental consideration of environmental impact. The legislature authorizes and directs that, to the fullest extent possible:
1.11(1)
(1) The policies and regulations shall be interpreted and administered in accordance with the policies set forth in this section and
chapter 274, laws of 1971, section 1; and
1.11(2)
(2) All agencies of the state shall:
1.11(2)(c)
(c) Include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other major actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement, substantially following the guidelines issued by the United States council on environmental quality under
P.L. 91-190,
42 USC 4331, by the responsible official on:
1.11(2)(c)1.
1. The environmental impact of the proposed action;
1.11(2)(c)2.
2. Any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented;
1.11(2)(c)4.
4. The relationship between local short-term uses of the human environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity; and
1.11(2)(c)5.
5. Any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented;
1.11(2)(c)6.
6. Such statement shall also contain details of the beneficial aspects of the proposed project, both short term and long term, and the economic advantages and disadvantages of the proposal.
1.11(2)(d)
(d) Prior to making any detailed statement, the responsible official shall consult with and obtain the comments of any agency which has jurisdiction or special expertise with respect to any environmental impact involved. Copies of such statement and the comments and views of the appropriate agencies, which are authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards shall be made available to the governor, the department of natural resources and to the public. Every proposal other than for legislation shall receive a public hearing before a final decision is made. Holding a public hearing as required by another statute fulfills this section. If no public hearing is otherwise required, the responsible agency shall hold the hearing in the area affected. Notice of the hearing shall be given by publishing a class 1 notice, under
ch. 985, at least 15 days prior to the hearing in a newspaper covering the affected area. If the proposal has statewide significance, notice shall be published in the official state newspaper;
1.11(2)(e)
(e) Study, develop, and describe appropriate alternatives to recommended courses of action in any proposal which involves unresolved conflicts concerning alternative uses of available resources;
1.11(2)(h)
(h) Initiate and utilize ecological information in the planning and development of resource-oriented projects.
1.11(2)(j)
(j) Annually, no later than September 15, submit a report to the chief clerk of each house of the legislature for distribution to the legislature under
s. 13.172 (2), including the number of proposed actions for which the agency conducted an assessment of whether an impact statement was required under
par. (c) and the number of impact statements prepared under
par. (c).
1.11(4)
(4) Nothing in this section affects the specific statutory obligations of any agency:
1.11(4)(a)
(a) To comply with criteria or standards of environmental quality;
1.11(4)(b)
(b) To coordinate or consult with any other state or federal agency; or
1.11(4)(c)
(c) To act, or refrain from acting contingent upon the recommendations or certification of any other state or federal agency.
1.11(5)
(5) The policies and goals set forth in this section are supplementary to those set forth in existing authorizations of agencies.
1.11 Annotation
The Wisconsin Environmental Protection Act, while not creating a public trust analogous to the public trust in the state's navigable waters, does recognize an interest sufficient to grant a person standing to question compliance with its provisions where it is alleged that agency action will harm the environment in the area where the person resides. Wisconsin's Environmental Decade, Inc. v. PSC, 69 W (2d) 1, 230 NW (2d) 243.
1.11 Annotation
Counties are not "agencies of the state" within meaning of (2) (c). Robinson v. Kunach, 76 W (2d) 436, 251 NW (2d) 449.
1.11 Annotation
Sub. (2) (e) is applicable to proceedings involving authorization of priority systems for the curtailment of natural gas service. Wis. Environmental Decade v. Public Service Comm. 79 W (2d) 161, 255 NW (2d) 917.
1.11 Annotation
On judicial review of state agency's decision not to prepare environmental impact statement, agency has burden of producing reviewable record reflecting a preliminary factual investigation into relevant areas of environmental concern and of showing a reasonable determination based on same. Wis. Environmental Decade v. Pub. Service Comm. 79 W (2d) 409, 256 NW (2d) 149.
1.11 Annotation
Lack of DNR prepared environmental impact statement did not invalidate DNR order to close landfill site. Holtz & Krause, Inc. v. DNR, 85 W (2d) 198, 270 NW (2d) 409 (1978).
1.11 Annotation
DNR's decision to limit scope of threshold decision to consideration of impact of segment of proposed sewer interceptor was reasonable where segment had independent utility, had main purpose of fulfilling local need, had logical termini, and where construction of first segment did not compel construction of second segment. Wis. Environmental Decade, Inc. v. DNR, 94 W (2d) 263, 288 NW (2d) 168 (Ct. App. 1979).
1.11 Annotation
Agency determination that EIS was adequately prepared is reviewed under 227.20. Wis. Environmental Decade v. Public Service Comm. 98 W (2d) 682, 298 NW (2d) 205 (Ct. App. 1980).
1.11 Annotation
Court erred in finding that this section applied to department's code compliance review procedure. Environmental Decade v. DILHR, 104 W (2d) 640, 312 NW (2d) 749 (1981).
1.11 Annotation
See note to 196.09, citing Wis. Environmental Decade v. Public Serv. Comm. 105 W (2d) 457, 313 NW (2d) 863 (Ct. App. 1981).
1.11 Annotation
Standing to challenge FEIS discussed. Fox v. DHSS, 112 W (2d) 514, 334 NW (2d) 532 (1983).
1.11 Annotation
EIS was not required where project will have minor impacts on environment, but will have possible socio-economic impacts. Wisconsin's Environmental Decade v. DNR, 115 W (2d) 381, 340 NW (2d) 722 (1983).
1.11 Annotation
Increased traffic congestion was sufficient allegation of injury to acquire standing to challenge FEIS. Milwaukee Brewers v. DH&SS, 130 W (2d) 56, 387 NW (2d) 245 (1986).
1.11 Annotation
Where state action did not come within action type listed in DOA regulations, an environmental assessment was required; determination following assessment that environmental impact statement was not required for building constructed for state by private developer under lease/purchase agreement was reasonable under the circumstances. Larsen v. Munz Corp. 167 W (2d) 583, 482 NW (2d) 583 (1992).
1.11 Annotation
The test as to whether an EIS should be conducted is one of reasonableness and good faith. Where conditions for approval which compensate for any adverse environmental impacts are imposed, the statutory threshold of significant environmental impact is not crossed and no EIS is required. State ex rel. Boehm v. DNR, 174 W (2d) 657, 497 NW (2d) 445 (1993), 184.
1.11 Annotation
Section 227.42 (1) does not grant a right to a contested case hearing regarding the need for an environmental impact statement. North Lake Management Dist. v. DNR, 182 W (2d) 500, 513 NW (2d) 703 (Ct. App. 1994).
1.11 Annotation
Where the legislature has selected a specific project site, consideration of alternative sites is too remote and speculative and not reasonably related to the proposed project. Shoreline Park Preservation, Inc. v. DOA, 195 W (2d) 750, 537 NW (2d) 388 (Ct. App. 1995).
1.11 Annotation
Agency decision-making under the Wisconsin environmental policy act. 1977 WLR 111.
1.12
1.12
State energy policy. 1.12(1)(1)
Definitions. In this section:
1.12(1)(b)
(b) "State agency" means an office, department, agency, institution of higher education, the legislature, a legislative service agency, the courts, a judicial branch agency, an association, society or other body in state government which is created or authorized to be created by the constitution or by law, for which appropriations are made by law.
1.12(2)
(2) Conservation policy. A state agency or local governmental unit shall investigate and consider the maximum conservation of energy resources as an important factor when making any major decision that would significantly affect energy usage.
1.12(3)(a)(a)
Energy efficiency. It is the goal of the state to reduce the ratio of energy consumption to economic activity in the state.
1.12(3)(b)
(b)
Renewable energy resources. It is the goal of the state that, to the extent that it is cost-effective and technically feasible, all new installed capacity for electric generation in the state be based on renewable energy resources, including hydroelectric, wood, wind, solar, refuse, agricultural and biomass energy resources.
1.12(3)(c)
(c)
Afforestation. It is the goal of the state to ensure a future supply of wood fuel and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by increasing the forested areas of the state.
1.12(4)
(4) Priorities. In meeting energy demands, the policy of the state is that, to the extent cost-effective and technically feasible, options be considered based on the following priorities, in the order listed:
1.12(4)(a)
(a) Energy conservation and efficiency.
1.12(4)(b)
(b) Noncombustible renewable energy resources.
1.12(4)(c)
(c) Combustible renewable energy resources.
1.12(4)(d)
(d) Nonrenewable combustible energy resources, in the order listed:
1.12(4)(d)2.
2. Oil or coal with a sulphur content of less than 1%.
1.12(5)
(5) Meeting energy demands. 1.12(5)(a)(a) In designing all new and replacement energy projects, a state agency or local governmental unit shall rely to the greatest extent feasible on energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy resources, if the energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy resources are cost-effective and technically feasible and do not have unacceptable environmental impacts.
1.12(5)(b)
(b) To the greatest extent cost-effective and technically feasible, a state agency or local governmental unit shall design all new and replacement energy projects following the priorities listed in
sub. (4).
1.12 History
History: 1977 c. 29;
1993 a. 414.
1.12 Note
NOTE: 1993 Wis. Act 414, which creates subs. (1) and (3) to (5), contains extensive explanatory notes.
