32.18 Annotation
Municipality may not initiate running of second 90-day period by affirmatively denying claim within first 90-day period; claimant has 180 days from filing of original claim to commence legal action. Johnson v. City of Onalaska, 153 W (2d) 611, 451 NW (2d) 466 (Ct. App. 1989).
32.185
32.185
Condemnor. "Condemnor", for the purposes of
ss. 32.19 to
32.27, means any municipality, board, commission, public officer or corporation vested with the power of eminent domain which acquires property for public purposes either by negotiated purchase when authorized by statute to employ its powers of eminent domain or by the power of eminent domain. "Condemnor" also means a displacing agency. In this section, "displacing agency" means any state agency, political subdivision of the state or person carrying out a program or project with public financial assistance that causes a person to be a displaced person, as defined in
s. 32.19 (2) (e).
32.185 History
History: 1975 c. 224;
1987 a. 399.
32.19
32.19
Additional items payable. 32.19(1)
(1)
Declaration of purpose. The legislature declares that it is in the public interest that persons displaced by any public project be fairly compensated by payment for the property acquired and other losses hereinafter described and suffered as the result of programs designed for the benefit of the public as a whole; and the legislature further finds and declares that, notwithstanding
subch. II, or any other provision of law, payment of such relocation assistance and assistance in the acquisition of replacement housing are proper costs of the construction of public improvements. If the public improvement is funded in whole or in part by a nonlapsible trust, the relocation payments and assistance constitute a purpose for which the fund of the trust is accountable.
32.19(2)(a)
(a) "Business" means any lawful activity, excepting a farm operation, conducted primarily:
32.19(2)(a)1.
1. For the purchase, sale, lease or rental of personal and real property, and for the manufacture, processing, or marketing of products, commodities, or any other personal property;
32.19(2)(a)4.
4. Solely for the purpose of
sub. (3) for assisting in the purchase, sale, resale, manufacture, processing, or marketing of products, commodities, personal property, or services by the erection and maintenance of an outdoor advertising display or displays, whether or not such display or displays are located on the premises on which any of the above activities are conducted.
32.19(2)(b)
(b) "Comparable dwelling" means one which, when compared with the dwelling being taken, is substantially equal concerning all major characteristics and functionally equivalent with respect to: the number and size of rooms and closets, area of living space, type of construction, age, state of repair, size and utility of any garage or other outbuilding, type of neighborhood and accessibility to public services and places of employment. "Comparable dwelling" shall meet all of the standard building requirements and other code requirements of the local governmental body and shall also be decent, safe and sanitary and within the financial means of the displaced person, as defined by the department of commerce.
32.19(2)(c)
(c) "Comparable replacement business" means a replacement business which, when compared with the business premises being acquired by the condemnor, is adequate for the needs of the business, is reasonably similar in all major characteristics, is functionally equivalent with respect to condition, state of repair, land area, building square footage required, access to transportation, utilities and public service, is available on the market, meets all applicable federal, state or local codes required of the particular business being conducted, is within reasonable proximity of the business acquired and is suited for the same type of business conducted by the acquired business at the time of acquisition.
32.19(2)(d)
(d) "Comparable replacement farm operation" means a replacement farm operation which, when compared with the farm operation being acquired by the condemnor, is adequate for the needs of the farmer, is reasonably similar in all major characteristics, is functionally equivalent with respect to type of farm operation, condition and state of repair of farm buildings, soil quality, yield per acre, land area, access to transportation, utilities and public services, is within reasonable proximity of the acquired farm operation, is available on the market, meets all applicable federal, state or local codes required of the particular farm operation acquired and is suited for the same type of farming operation conducted by the displaced person at the time of acquisition.
32.19(2)(e)1.1. "Displaced person" means, except as provided under
subd. 2., any person who moves from real property or who moves his or her personal property from real property:
32.19(2)(e)1.a.
a. As a direct result of a written notice of intent to acquire or the acquisition of the real property, in whole or in part or subsequent to the issuance of a jurisdictional offer under this subchapter, for public purposes; or
32.19(2)(e)1.b.
b. As a result of rehabilitation, demolition or other displacing activity, as determined by the department of commerce, if the person is a tenant-occupant of a dwelling, business or farm operation and the displacement is permanent.
32.19(2)(e)2.a.
a. Any person determined to be unlawfully occupying the property or to have occupied the property solely for the purpose of obtaining assistance under
ss. 32.19 to
32.27; or
32.19(2)(e)2.b.
b. Any person, other than a person who is an occupant of the property at the time it is acquired, who occupies the property on a rental basis for a short term or a period subject to termination when the property is needed for the program or project for which it is being acquired.
32.19(2)(f)
(f) "Farm operation" means any activity conducted solely or primarily for the production of one or more agricultural products or commodities for sale and home use, and customarily producing such products or commodities in sufficient quantity to be capable of contributing materially to the operator's support.
32.19(2)(g)
(g) "Owner displaced person" means a displaced person who owned the real property being acquired and also owned the business or farm operation conducted on the real property being acquired.
32.19(2)(h)1.
1. Any individual, partnership, limited liability company, corporation or association which owns a business concern; or
32.19(2)(h)2.
2. Any owner, part owner, tenant or sharecropper operating a farm; or
32.19(2)(h)4.
4. An individual not a member of a family, except that 2 or more tenant occupants of the same dwelling unit shall be considered as one person.
32.19(2)(i)
(i) "Tenant displaced person" means a displaced person who owned the business or farm operation conducted on the real property being acquired but leased or rented the real property.
32.19(2m)
(2m) Information on payments. Before initiating negotiations to acquire the property under
s. 32.05 (2a),
32.06 (2a) or
subch. II, the condemnor shall provide displaced persons with copies of applicable pamphlets prepared under
s. 32.26 (6).
32.19(3)
(3) Relocation payments. Any condemnor which proceeds with the acquisition of real and personal property for purposes of any project for which the power of condemnation may be exercised, or undertakes a program or project that causes a person to be a displaced person, shall make fair and reasonable relocation payments to displaced persons, business concerns and farm operations under this section. Payments shall be made as follows:
32.19(3)(a)
(a)
Moving expenses; actual. The condemnor shall compensate a displaced person for the actual and reasonable expenses of moving the displaced person and his or her family, business or farm operation, including personal property; actual direct losses of tangible personal property as a result of moving or discontinuing a business or farm operation, but not to exceed an amount equal to the reasonable expenses that would have been required to relocate such property; actual reasonable expenses in searching for a replacement business or farm operation; and actual reasonable expenses necessary to reestablish a business or farm operation, not to exceed $10,000, unless compensation for such expenses is included in the payment provided under
sub. (4m).
32.19(3)(b)
(b)
Moving expenses; optional fixed payments. 32.19(3)(b)1.1. `Dwellings.' Any displaced person who moves from a dwelling and who elects to accept the payments authorized by this paragraph in lieu of the payments authorized by
par. (a) may receive an expense and dislocation allowance, determined according to a schedule established by the department of commerce.
32.19(3)(b)2.
2. `Business and farm operations.' Any displaced person who moves or discontinues his or her business or farm operation, is eligible under criteria established by the department of commerce by rule and elects to accept payment authorized under this paragraph in lieu of the payment authorized under
par. (a), may receive a fixed payment in an amount determined according to criteria established by the department of commerce by rule, except that such payment shall not be less than $1,000 nor more than $20,000. A person whose sole business at the displacement dwelling is the rental of such property to others is not eligible for a payment under this subdivision.
32.19(3)(c)
(c)
Optional payment for businesses. Any displaced person who moves his or her business, and elects to accept the payment authorized in
par. (a), may, if otherwise qualified under
par. (b) 2., elect to receive the payment authorized under
par. (b) 2., minus whatever payment the displaced person received under
par. (a), if the displaced person discontinues the business within 2 years of the date of receipt of payment under
par. (a), provided that the displaced person meets eligibility criteria established by the department of commerce by rule. In no event may the total combined payment be less than $1,000 nor more than $20,000.
32.19(4)(a)(a)
Owner-occupants. In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the condemnor shall make a payment, not to exceed $25,000, to any displaced person who is displaced from a dwelling actually owned and occupied, or from a mobile home site actually owned or occupied, by the displaced person for not less than 180 days prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the property. For the purposes of this paragraph, a nonprofit corporation organized under
ch. 181 may, if otherwise eligible, be considered a displaced owner. A displaced owner may elect to receive the payment under
par. (b) 1. in lieu of the payment under this paragraph. Such payment includes only the following:
32.19(4)(a)1.
1. The amount, if any, which when added to the acquisition payment, equals the reasonable cost of a comparable replacement dwelling available on the private market, as determined by the condemnor.
32.19(4)(a)1m.
1m. In the case of a person displaced from a mobile home site who meets one of the conditions under
subd. 1m. a.,
b. or
c., the amount, if any, which when added to the trade-in or salvage value of the mobile home equals the reasonable cost of a comparable mobile home which is decent, safe and sanitary, plus an amount equal to 48 times the difference between the monthly rent being paid for the site on which the mobile home is located and the monthly rent for a comparable mobile home site or the amount necessary to enable the displaced person to make a down payment on the purchase of a comparable mobile home site. If a comparable mobile home dwelling is not available, the replacement housing payment shall be calculated on the basis of the next highest type of mobile home or a conventional dwelling that is available and meets the requirements and standards for a comparable dwelling. The owner of a mobile home shall be eligible for payments under this subdivision if one of the following conditions is met:
32.19(4)(a)1m.a.
a. The mobile home is not considered to be a decent, safe and sanitary dwelling unit.
32.19(4)(a)1m.b.
b. The structural condition of the mobile home is such that it cannot be moved without substantial damage or unreasonable cost.
32.19(4)(a)1m.c.
c. There are no adequate or available replacement sites to which the mobile home can be moved.
32.19(4)(a)2.
2. The amount of increased interest expenses and other debt service costs incurred by the owner to finance the purchase of another property substantially similar to the property taken, if at the time of the taking the land acquired was subject to a bona fide mortgage or was held under a vendee's interest in a bona fide land contract, and such mortgage or land contract had been executed in good faith not less than 180 days prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of such property. The computation of the increased interest costs shall be determined according to rules promulgated by the department of commerce.
32.19(4)(a)3.
3. Reasonable incidental fees, commissions, discounts, surveying costs, title evidence costs and other closing costs incurred in the purchase of replacement housing, but not including prepaid expenses.
32.19(4)(ag)
(ag)
Limitation. Payment under
par. (a) shall be made only to a displaced person who purchases and occupies a decent, safe and sanitary replacement dwelling not later than one year after the date on which the person moves from the dwelling acquired for the project, or the date on which the person receives payment from the condemnor, whichever is later, except that the condemnor may extend the period for good cause. If the period is extended, payment under
par. (a) shall be based on the costs of relocating the displaced person to a comparable replacement dwelling within one year of the date on which the person moves from the dwelling acquired for the project.
32.19(4)(b)
(b)
Tenants and certain others. In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the condemnor shall make a payment to any individual or family displaced from any dwelling which was actually and lawfully occupied by such individual or family for not less than 90 days prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of such property or, if displacement is not a direct result of acquisition, such other event as determined by the department of commerce by rule. For purposes of this paragraph, a nonprofit corporation organized under
ch. 181 may, if otherwise eligible, be considered a displaced tenant. Subject to the limitations under
par. (bm), such payment shall be either:
32.19(4)(b)1.
1. The amount, if any, which, when added to the rental cost of the acquired dwelling, equals the reasonable cost of leasing or renting a comparable dwelling available on the private market for a period not to exceed 4 years, as determined by the condemnor, but not to exceed $8,000; or
32.19(4)(b)2.
2. If the person elects to purchase a comparable dwelling, the amount determined under
subd. 1. plus expenses under
par. (a) 3.
32.19(4)(bm)1.1. Payment under
par. (b) shall be made only to a displaced person who rents, leases or purchases a decent, safe and sanitary replacement dwelling and occupies that dwelling not later than one year after the date on which the person moves from the displacement dwelling, except that the condemnor may extend the period for good cause.
32.19(4)(bm)2.
2. If a displaced person occupied the dwelling acquired for at least 90 days but not more than 180 days prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the property, the payment under
par. (b) may not exceed the amount the displaced person would receive if the displaced person was eligible for a payment under
par. (a).
32.19(4)(c)
(c)
Additional payment. If a comparable dwelling is not available within the monetary limits established in
par. (a) or
(b), the condemnor may exceed the monetary limits and make payments necessary to provide a comparable dwelling.
32.19(4m)
(4m) Business or farm replacement payment. 32.19(4m)(a)(a)
Owner-occupied business or farm operation. In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the condemnor shall make a payment, not to exceed $50,000, to any owner displaced person who has owned and occupied the business operation, or owned the farm operation, for not less than one year prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the real property on which the business or farm operation lies, and who actually purchases a comparable replacement business or farm operation for the acquired property within 2 years after the date the person vacates the acquired property or receives payment from the condemnor, whichever is later. An owner displaced person who has owned and occupied the business operation, or owned the farm operation, for not less than one year prior to the initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the real property on which the business or farm operation lies may elect to receive the payment under
par. (b) 1. in lieu of the payment under this paragraph, but the amount of payment under
par. (b) 1. to such an owner displaced person may not exceed the amount the owner displaced person is eligible to receive under this paragraph. The additional payment under this paragraph shall include the following amounts:
32.19(4m)(a)1.
1. The amount, if any, which when added to the acquisition cost of the property, other than any dwelling on the property, equals the reasonable cost of a comparable replacement business or farm operation for the acquired property, as determined by the condemnor.
32.19(4m)(a)2.
2. The amount, if any, which will compensate such owner displaced person for any increased interest and other debt service costs which such person is required to pay for financing the acquisition of any replacement property, if the property acquired was encumbered by a bona fide mortgage or land contract which was a valid lien on the property for at least one year prior to the initiation of negotiations for its acquisition. The amount under this subdivision shall be determined according to rules promulgated by the department of commerce.
32.19(4m)(a)3.
3. Reasonable expenses incurred by the displaced person for evidence of title, recording fees and other closing costs incident to the purchase of the replacement property, but not including prepaid expenses.
32.19(4m)(b)
(b)
Tenant-occupied business or farm operation. In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the condemnor shall make a payment to any tenant displaced person who has owned and occupied the business operation, or owned the farm operation, for not less than one year prior to initiation of negotiations for the acquisition of the real property on which the business or farm operation lies or, if displacement is not a direct result of acquisition, such other event as determined by the department of commerce, and who actually rents or purchases a comparable replacement business or farm operation for the displaced business or farm operation within 2 years after the date the person vacates the acquired property. At the option of the tenant displaced person, such payment shall be either:
32.19(4m)(b)1.
1. The amount, not to exceed $30,000, which is necessary to lease or rent a comparable replacement business or farm operation for a period of 4 years. The payment shall be computed by determining the average monthly rent paid for the property from which the person was displaced for the 12 months prior to the initiation of negotiations or, if displacement is not a direct result of acquisition, such other event as determined by the department of commerce and the monthly rent of a comparable replacement business or farm operation, and multiplying the difference by 48; or
32.19(4m)(b)2.
2. If the tenant displaced person elects to purchase a comparable replacement business or farm operation, the amount determined under
subd. 1. plus expenses under
par. (a) 3.
32.19(5)
(5) Eminent domain. Nothing in this section or
ss. 32.25 to
32.27 shall be construed as creating in any condemnation proceedings brought under the power of eminent domain, any element of damages.
32.19 History
History: 1971 c. 99,
103,
244,
287;
1973 c. 192;
1975 c. 224,
273;
1977 c. 418,
438,
440;
1979 c. 32,
221,
358,
361;
1981 c. 390 s.
252;
1983 a. 27 ss.
881 to
888;
1983 a. 186,
189;
1983 a. 236 ss.
12,
13;
1983 a. 538;
1987 a. 399;
1993 a. 112;
1995 a. 27 ss.
1713 to
1722,
9116 (5);
1995 a. 225.
32.19 Annotation
See note to Art. I, sec. 13, citing Luber v. Milwaukee County, 47 W (2d) 271, 177 NW (2d) 380.
32.19 Annotation
A lessee under lease for more than one year is a joint owner of real property within the intent of this section, and is eligible to receive relocation assistance payments provided by (4) (c). 61 Atty. Gen. 16.
32.19 Annotation
Question of whether ch. 103, laws of 1971, places Wisconsin in compliance with the uniform relocation assistance and real property acquisition policies act of 1970, P.L. 91-646, discussed. 61 Atty. Gen. 49.
32.19 Annotation
Discussion of whether Wisconsin can comply with the federal relocation assistance and property acquisition act. 61 Atty. Gen. 197.
32.19 Annotation
State debt financing of relocation payments is permissible under art. VIII, sec. 7 (2) (a). 62 Atty. Gen. 42.
32.19 Annotation
Relocation benefits and services, where owner initiates negotiations for the acquisition, discussed. 62 Atty. Gen. 168.
32.19 Annotation
State agencies engaging in advance land acquisitions must comply with this section et seq., Wisconsin's relocation assistance and payment law. 63 Atty. Gen. 201.
32.19 Annotation
Wisconsin condemnors are not bound by the federal relocation act. Relocation assistance and payments to displaced persons must be made in accordance with 32.19 to 32.27. Unrelated individuals who share a common dwelling for convenience sake without a common head of the household are persons under this section. 63 Atty. Gen. 229.
32.19 Annotation
See note to 38.14, citing 63 Atty. Gen. 367, concerning VTAE districts.
32.19 Annotation
Religious societies incorporated under ch. 187 are "persons" within the meaning of the relocation assistance act and are entitled to the benefits of such act if they otherwise qualify. 63 Atty. Gen. 578.
32.19 Annotation
Owner of rental property, regardless of its size, is engaged in "business" under (2) (d). 69 Atty. Gen. 11.
32.19 Annotation
Owners of rental property who do not physically occupy real property taken for public use are not eligible for business replacement payments under (4m). 69 Atty. Gen. 263.
32.19 Annotation
Condemnors may not offer displaced persons a loan or alternative assistance in lieu of payments. Condemnors may not obtain waivers of benefits as condition for participation in acquisition program. 70 Atty. Gen. 94.
32.19 Annotation
Tenant who rents new property in reasonable anticipation of displacement prior to actual displacement is entitled to replacement payments under (4m) (b). 70 Atty. Gen. 120.
32.19 Annotation
There was no constitutional "taking" where tenants were ordered to vacate temporarily their uninhabitable dwelling to permit repairs pursuant to housing code. Devines v. Maier, 728 F (2d) 876 (1984).
32.19 Annotation
Compensation for lost rents. 1971 WLR 657.
32.195
32.195
Expenses incidental to transfer of property. In addition to amounts otherwise authorized by this subchapter, the condemnor shall reimburse the owner of real property acquired for a project for all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred for:
32.195(1)
(1) Recording fees, transfer taxes and similar expenses incidental to conveying such property.
32.195(2)
(2) Penalty costs for prepayment of any mortgage entered into in good faith encumbering such real property if the mortgage is recorded or has been filed for recording as provided by law prior to the date specified in
s. 32.19 (4) (a) 2.
32.195(3)
(3) The proportional share of real property taxes paid which are allocable to a period subsequent to the date of vesting of title in the condemnor or the effective date of possession of such real property by the condemnor, whichever is earlier.
32.195(4)
(4) The cost of realigning personal property on the same site in partial takings or where realignment is required by reason of elimination or restriction of existing used rights of access.
32.195(5)
(5) Expenses incurred for plans and specifications specifically designed for the property taken and which are of no value elsewhere because of the taking.
32.195(6)
(6) Reasonable net rental losses when all of the following are true:
32.195(6)(a)
(a) The losses are directly attributable to the public improvement project.
32.195(6)(b)
(b) The losses are shown to exceed the normal rental or vacancy experience for similar properties in the area.
