71.91(5m)(a)(a) All laws not in conflict with this chapter relating to the assessment, collection and payment of taxes on personal property, the correction of errors in assessment and tax rolls, and the collection of delinquent personal property taxes except the provisions for the compromise or cancellation of illegal taxes and the refunds of moneys paid thereon, as shown by the 1985 statutes, shall be applicable to the income or franchise tax provided in this chapter.
71.91(5m)(b)
(b) The provisions for the compromise or cancellation of illegal personal property taxes and for refunds of personal property taxes apply to the taxes under this chapter to the extent that those provisions do not conflict with
par. (a) or
s. 71.92.
71.91(6)
(6) Levy upon property for taxes. 71.91(6)(a)2.
2. "Levy" means all powers of distraint and seizure.
71.91(6)(a)3.
3. "Property" includes real and personal property and tangible and intangible property and rights to property but is limited to property and rights to property existing at the time of levy.
71.91(6)(a)4.
4. "Taxes" means the principal of the tax as defined in
sub. (5) (k), interest, penalties and costs.
71.91(6)(b)
(b)
Powers of levy and distraint. If any person who is liable for any tax administered by the department neglects or refuses to pay that tax within 10 days after that tax becomes delinquent, the department may collect that tax and the expenses of the levy by levy upon, and sale of, any property belonging to that person or any property on which there is a lien as provided by
sub. (4) in respect to that delinquent tax. Whenever any property that has been levied upon under this section is not sufficient to satisfy the claim of the department, the department may levy upon any other property liable to levy of the person against whom that claim exists until the taxes and expenses of the levy are fully paid. A levy on commissions, wages or salaries is continuous until the liability out of which it arose is satisfied.
71.91(6)(c)1.1. Except as provided in
subd. 2., any person in possession of, or obligated with respect to, property subject to levy upon which a levy has been made shall, upon demand of the department, surrender that property unless it is subject to attachment or execution under judicial process, or discharge that obligation, to the department.
71.91(6)(c)2.
2. Levying upon a life insurance or endowment contract issued by a 3rd person, without necessity for the surrender of the contract document, is a demand by the department for payment of the amount under
subd. 3. and for the exercise of the right of the person against whom the tax is assessed to an advance of that amount. The person who issued the contract shall pay over that amount within 90 days after the service of the notice of the levy. That notice shall include a certification by the department that a copy of that notice has been mailed to the person against whom the tax is assessed at that person's last-known address.
71.91(6)(c)3.
3. The levy under
subd. 2. is satisfied if the person who issued the contract pays to the department the amount that the person against whom the tax is assessed could have had advanced by the person who issued the contract on the date under
subd. 2. for the satisfaction of the levy, increased by the amount of any advance, including contractual interest, made to the person against whom the tax is assessed on or after the date the person who issued the contract had actual notice or knowledge of the existence of the lien with respect to which that levy is made, other than an advance, including contractual interest on it, made automatically to maintain the contract in force under an agreement entered into before the person who issued the contract had notice or knowledge of that lien. Any person who issued a contract and who satisfies a levy under this paragraph is discharged from all liability to any beneficiary because of that satisfaction.
71.91(6)(d)1.1. Any person, including an officer or employe, who fails to surrender property that is subject to levy upon demand of the department is liable to the department for a sum equal to the value of the property not surrendered, but not exceeding the amount of taxes for the collection of which that levy was made, together with costs and interest at the rate of 18% per year from the date of that levy. Any amount, other than costs, recovered under this paragraph shall be credited against the tax liability for the collection of which that levy was made. The liability under this paragraph may be assessed, levied and collected as are additional income or franchise taxes or may be recovered by the department in a civil action.
71.91(6)(d)2.
2. In addition to the liability imposed under
subd. 1., if any person required to surrender property fails or refuses to surrender that property without reasonable cause, that person is liable for a penalty equal to 50% of the amount recoverable under
subd. 1. No part of the penalty under this subdivision may be credited against the tax liability for the collection of which that levy was made. The penalty under this subdivision may be assessed, levied and collected as are additional income or franchise taxes or may be recovered by the department in a civil action.
71.91(6)(d)3.
3. Any person in possession of, or obligated with respect to, property upon which a levy has been made who, upon demand by the department, surrenders that property, or discharges that obligation, to the department or who pays a liability under
subd. 1. is discharged from any liability to the delinquent taxpayer or, in the case of payments under
par. (c) 2., to a beneficiary, with respect to that property arising from that surrender or payment.
71.91(6)(e)1.1. If the department has levied upon or sold property, any person, other than the person who is assessed the tax out of which the levy arose, who claims an interest in or lien on that property and claims that that property was wrongfully levied upon may bring a civil action against the state in the circuit court for Dane county. That action may be brought whether or not that property has been surrendered to or sold by the department. The court may grant only the relief under
subd. 2. No other action to question the validity of or restrain or enjoin a levy by the department may be maintained.
71.91(6)(e)2.
2. In actions under
subd. 1., if a levy or sale would irreparably injure rights to property, the court may enjoin the enforcement of that levy or prohibit that sale. If the court determines that the property has been wrongfully levied upon, it may order the return of specific property that the department possesses or grant a judgment for the amount of money obtained by levy. If the property was sold, the court may grant a judgment for an amount not exceeding the amount received by the department from the sale. If the property was purchased by the state at a sale under
par. (f), the state shall be treated as having received an amount equal to the minimum price determined under that paragraph or the amount received by the state from the resale of that property, whichever is larger.
71.91(6)(e)3.
3. For purposes of an adjudication under this paragraph, the assessment of the tax upon which the interest or lien of the department is based is conclusively presumed to be valid. Interest shall be allowed for judgments under this paragraph at the rate of 12% per year from the date the department receives the money wrongfully levied upon to the date of payment of the judgment or from the date of sale to the date of payment.
71.91(6)(f)1.1. As soon as practicable after obtaining property, the department shall notify, in writing, the owner of any real property, and the possessor of any personal property, obtained by the department under this subsection. That notice may be left at the person's usual place of residence or business. If the owner cannot be located or has no dwelling or place of business in this state, or if the property is obtained as a result of a continuous levy on commissions, wages or salaries, the department may mail a notice to the owner's last-known address. That notice shall specify the sum demanded and shall contain, in the case of personal property, an account of the property obtained and, in the case of real property, a description with reasonable certainty of the property seized.
71.91(6)(f)2.
2. As soon as practicable after obtaining property, the department shall notify the owner in the manner prescribed under
subd. 1. and shall cause a notice of the sale to be published in a newspaper published or generally circulated within the county where the property was obtained. If there is no newspaper published or generally circulated in that county, the department shall post that notice at the city, town or village hall nearest the place where the property was obtained and in at least 2 other public places. That notice shall specify the property to be sold and the time, place, manner and conditions of the sale.
71.91(6)(f)3.
3. If any property liable to levy is not divisible so as to enable the department, by sale of a part, to raise the whole amount of the tax and expenses, the whole of the property shall be sold.
71.91(6)(f)4.
4. The sale shall occur not less than 10 days and not more than 40 days after the notice under
subd. 2. The department may interrupt the sale, but not for a period longer than 90 days. The sale shall be in the county in which the property is levied upon or in Dane county.
71.91(6)(f)5.
5. Before the sale, the department shall determine a minimum price for which the property shall be sold. If no person offers for that property at the sale at least the amount of the minimum price, the state shall purchase the property for the minimum price; otherwise, the property shall be sold to the highest bidder. In determining the minimum price, the department shall take into account the expense of making the levy and sale in addition to the value of the property. If payment in full is required at the time of acceptance of a bid and is not paid then, the department shall sell the property in the manner provided under this paragraph. If the conditions of the sale permit part of the payment to be deferred and if that part is not paid within the prescribed period, the department may sue the purchaser in the circuit court for Dane county for the unpaid part of the purchase price and interest at the rate of 12% per year from the date of the sale or the department may declare the sale void and may sell the property again under this paragraph. If the property is sold again, the 2nd purchaser shall receive it free of any claim of the defaulting purchaser and the amount paid upon the bid price by the defaulting purchaser is forfeited.
71.91(6)(f)6.
6. No property of any person is exempt from levy and sale under this subsection.
71.91(6)(g)1.1. Any person whose property has been levied upon may pay the amount due and the expenses of the proceeding to the department at any time before the sale. Upon that payment, the department shall restore the property to that person and stop all proceedings related to the levy.
71.91(6)(g)2.
2. The owners of any real property sold under
par. (f), their heirs, executors or administrators or any person having an interest in or a lien on that property or any person in behalf of a person specified in this subdivision may redeem the property sold or any part of that property within 120 days after the sale by payment to the purchaser or, if the purchaser cannot be found in the county in which the property to be redeemed is situated, then to the department, for the use of the purchaser or the purchaser's heirs or assigns, the amount paid by the purchaser and interest at the rate of 18% per year.
71.91(6)(h)1.1. The department shall give the purchaser under
par. (f) a certificate of sale upon payment in full of the purchase price. In the case of real property, that certificate shall specify the property purchased, the name of the purchaser and the price.
71.91(6)(h)2.
2. In the case of any real property sold under
par. (f) and not redeemed under
par. (g), the department shall execute to the purchaser, upon surrender of the certificate of sale, a deed reciting the facts set forth in the certificate.
71.91(6)(h)3.
3. If real property is purchased by the state under
par. (f), the department shall execute and record a deed.
71.91(6)(h)4.
4. The certificate of sale for personal property sold under
par. (f) is prima facie evidence of the right of the department to make the sale and conclusive evidence of the regularity of the proceedings of the sale. That certificate transfers to the purchaser all right, title and interest of the delinquent party to the property sold. If that property is stocks, that certificate is notice, when received, to any person of that transfer and authority to record the transfer on books and records as if the stocks were transferred or assigned by the party holding them, and all prior certificates are void. If the subject of sale is securities or other evidence of debt, the certificate is valid against any person possessing or claiming to possess the securities or other evidence of debt. If the property is a motor vehicle, the certificate is notice, when received, to the department of transportation as if the certificate of title were transferred or assigned by the party holding that certificate of title, and any prior certificate is void.
71.91(6)(h)5.
5. The deed of sale of real property is prima facie evidence of the facts stated in it and conveys all of the right, title and interest the delinquent party had to the property.
71.91(6)(h)6.
6. A certificate of sale of personal property given or a deed to real property executed under this paragraph discharges that property from all liens, encumbrances and titles subordinate to the department's lien.
71.91(6)(i)
(i)
Determination of expenses. The department shall determine the expenses to be allowed in all cases of levy and sale.
71.91(6)(j)
(j)
Departmental records. The department shall keep a record of all sales of real property under
par. (f) and of all redemptions of that property. The record shall set forth the tax for which any sale was made, the dates of levy and sale, the name of the party assessed and all proceedings related to the sale, the amount of expenses, the names of the purchasers and the date of the deed.
71.91(6)(k)1.1. The department shall apply all money realized under this subsection first against the expenses of the proceedings and then against the liability in respect to which the levy was made or the sale was conducted and any other liability owed to the department by the delinquent person.
71.91(6)(k)2.
2. The department may refund or credit any amount left after the applications under
subd. 1., upon claim for and satisfactory proof of, to the person entitled to that amount.
71.91(6)(L)
(L)
Release of levy. The department may release the levy upon all or part of property levied upon to facilitate the collection of the liability, but that release does not prevent any later levy.
71.91(6)(m)1.1. If the department determines that property has been wrongfully levied upon, the department may return the property, an amount of money equal to the amount of money levied upon or an amount of money equal to the amount of money received by the state from the sale of that property.
71.91(6)(m)2.
2. The department may return property at any time. The department may return an amount of money equal to the amount of money levied upon or received from sale within 9 months after the levy.
71.91(6)(m)3.
3. For purposes of this paragraph, if property is purchased by the state under
par. (f) the state shall be treated as having received an amount of money equal to the minimum price determined under that paragraph or, if less, the amount of money received by the state from the resale of that property.
71.91(6)(n)
(n)
Preservation of remedies. The availability of the remedy under this subsection does not abridge the right of the department to pursue other remedies.
71.91(7)
(7) Withholding by employer of delinquent tax of employe. 71.91(7)(a)(a) In this subsection, "employe" includes any subcontractor.
71.91(7)(b)
(b) The department may give notice to any employer deriving income having a taxable situs in this state (regardless of whether any such income is exempt from taxation) to the effect that an employe of such employer is delinquent in a certain amount with respect to state taxes, including penalties, interest and costs. Such notice may be served by mail or by delivery by an employe of the department of revenue. Upon receipt of such notice of delinquency, the employer shall withhold from compensation due, or to become due to the employe, the total amount shown by the notice. The department may direct the employer to withhold part of the amount due the employe each pay period, until the total amount as shown by the notice, plus interest, has been withheld. The employer may not withhold more than 25% of the compensation due any employe for any one pay period, except that, if the employe leaves the employ of the employer or gives notice of his or her intention to do so, or is discharged for any reason, the employer shall withhold the entire amount otherwise payable to such employe, or so much thereof as may be necessary to equal the unwithheld balance of the amount shown in the notice of delinquency, plus delinquent interest. In crediting amounts withheld against delinquent taxes of an employe, the department shall apply amounts withheld in the following order: costs, penalties, delinquent interest, delinquent tax. The "compensation due" any employe for purposes of determining the 25% maximum withholding for any one pay period shall include all wages, salaries and fees constituting income, including wages, salaries, income advances or other consideration paid for future services, when paid to an employe, less amounts payable pursuant to a garnishment action with respect to which the employer was served prior to being served with the notice of delinquency and any amounts covered by any irrevocable and previously effective assignment of wages, of which amounts and the facts relating to such assignment the employer shall give notice to the department within 10 days after service of the notice of delinquency.
71.91(7)(c)
(c) In any case in which the employe ceases to be employed by the employer before the full amount set forth in a notice of delinquency, plus delinquent interest, has been withheld by the employer, the employer shall immediately notify the department in writing of the termination date of the employe and the total amount withheld.
71.91(7)(d)
(d) The employer shall, on or before the last day of the month after the month during which an amount was withheld, remit to the department that amount. Any amount withheld from an employe by an employer shall immediately be a trust fund for this state. Should any employer, after notice, wilfully fail to withhold in accordance with the notice and this subsection, or wilfully fail to remit any amount withheld, as required by this subsection, such employer shall be liable for the total amount set forth in the notice together with delinquent interest as though the amount shown by the notice was due by such employer as a direct obligation to the state for delinquent taxes, and may be collected by any means provided by law including the means provided for the collection of delinquent income or franchise taxes. However, no amount required to be paid by an employer by reason of his or her failure to remit under this paragraph may be deducted from the gross income of such employer. Any amount collected from the employer for failure to withhold or for failure to remit under this subsection shall be credited as tax, costs, penalties and interest paid by the employe.
71.91(7)(e)
(e) Paragraphs (b) to
(d) shall apply in any case in which the employer is the United States or any instrumentality thereof or this state or any municipality or other subordinate unit thereof except those provisions imposing a liability on the employer for failure to withhold or remit. But an amount equal to any amount withheld by any municipality or other subordinate unit of this state under this subsection and not remitted to the department as required by this subsection shall be retained by the state treasurer from funds otherwise payable to any such municipality or subordinate unit, and transmitted instead to the department, upon certification by the secretary of revenue.
71.91(7)(f)
(f) The department shall refund to the employe excess amounts withheld from the employe under this subsection.
71.91(7)(g)
(g) Employers required to withhold delinquent taxes, penalties, interest and costs under this subsection shall not be required to withhold amounts other than the total amounts certified to such employers by the department and shall not be required to compute interest, costs or other charges to be withheld.
71.91(7)(h)
(h) The department may, by written notice served personally or by mail, require any employer, as defined in
s. 71.63 (3), to withhold from the compensation due or to become due to any entertainer or entertainment corporation the amount of any delinquent state taxes, including costs, penalties and interest, shown by the notice. The employer shall send the money withheld to the department on or before the last day of the month after the month during which an amount was withheld.
71.91(8)
(8) Hearing on certification of tax delinquency. The department of revenue shall conduct a hearing requested by a credential holder under
s. 440.08 (4) (b) 2. to review a certification of tax delinquency that is the basis of a denial by the department of regulation and licensing under
s. 440.08 (4) (b) 1. of an application for the renewal of a credential. A hearing under this subsection is limited to questions of mistaken identity of the credential holder and prior payment of the delinquent taxes for which the department of revenue certified the credential holder is liable. At a hearing under this subsection, any statement filed by the department of revenue or the department of regulation and licensing may be admitted into evidence and is prima facie evidence of the facts that it contains.
71.91 Annotation
A lien docketed under sub. (5) (b) continues until the tax liability is satisfied, not for ten years.
81 Atty. Gen. 41.
71.92(2)(2) Any taxpayer who is unable to pay the full amount of his or her delinquent income or franchise taxes, costs, penalties and interest may apply to the department of revenue to pay such taxes, costs, penalties and interest in instalments. Such application shall contain a statement of the reasons such taxes, costs, penalties and interest cannot be paid in full and shall set forth the plan of instalment payments proposed by the taxpayer. Upon approval of such plan by the department and the payment of instalments in accordance therewith collection proceedings with respect to such taxes, costs, penalties and interest shall be withheld; but on failure of the taxpayer to make any instalment payment, the department shall proceed to collect the unpaid portion of such taxes, costs, penalties and interest in the manner provided by law.
71.92(3)
(3) Any taxpayer may petition the department of revenue to compromise his or her delinquent income or franchise taxes including the costs, penalties and interest. Such petition shall set forth a sworn statement of the taxpayer and shall be in such form as the department shall prescribe and the department may examine the petitioner under oath concerning the matter. If the department finds that the taxpayer is unable to pay the taxes, costs, penalties and interest in full it shall determine the amount the taxpayer is able to pay and shall enter an order reducing such taxes, costs, penalties and interest in accordance with such determination. Such order shall provide that such compromise shall be effective only if paid within 10 days. The department or its collection agents upon receipt of such order shall accept payment in accordance with the order. Upon payment the department shall credit the unpaid portion of the principal amount of such taxes and make appropriate record of the unpaid amount of penalties, costs, and interest accrued to the date of such order. If within 3 years of the date of such compromise order the department shall ascertain that the taxpayer has an income or property sufficient to enable the taxpayer to pay the remainder of the tax including costs, penalty and interest the department shall reopen said matter and order the payment in full of such taxes, costs, penalties and interest. Before the entry of such order a notice shall be given to the taxpayer in writing advising of the intention of the department of revenue to reopen such matter and fixing a time and place for the appearance of the taxpayer if the taxpayer desires a hearing. Upon entry of such order the department of revenue shall make an appropriate record of the principal amount of such taxes, penalties, costs and interest ordered to be paid and such taxes shall be immediately due and payable and shall thereafter be subject to the interest provided by
s. 71.82 (2), and the department shall immediately proceed to collect the same together with the unpaid portion of penalty, costs, and interest accrued to the date of the compromise order.
71.92(4)
(4) Delinquent income or franchise taxes, interest and penalties, resulting from assessments pursuant to
s. 71.74 (3),
71.82 (2) (d) or
71.83 (1) (a) 3. or
4. or
(b) 2. or
3. or from assessments by virtue of disallowance of claimed deductions for failure to file information reports relating thereto, as required by this chapter, may be compromised by the department when such action is fair and equitable under the circumstances.
71.92(6)
(6) If any delinquent income or franchise tax has been referred by the department to the attorney general for collection and after having fully investigated the matter the attorney general determines that it would be in the best interest of the state to compromise the tax, a written recommendation shall be made to the department stating the terms upon which the tax should be compromised and the reasons therefor. The department shall approve or disapprove the recommendation and notify the department of justice. If approved the department of justice may enter into a stipulation with the taxpayer providing for the compromise of the tax on the terms set forth in the recommendation and upon compliance by the taxpayer the tax shall be fully discharged. The department of justice shall furnish the department with a copy of such stipulation, and the department or its agents charged with the collection of income or franchise taxes may accept payment of such tax in accordance with the terms of such stipulation and upon payment being made shall credit the unpaid portion of the tax. This subsection shall be in addition to all other powers of the department of justice and the department of revenue with respect to compromise or settlement of income or franchise taxes.
71.93
71.93
Setoffs for other state agencies. 71.93(1)
(1)
Definitions. In this section:
71.93(1)(a)1.
1. An amount owed to a state agency that has been reduced to a judgment.
71.93(1)(a)2.
2. A delinquent child support or spousal support obligation that has been reduced to a judgment and has been submitted by an agency of another state to the department of industry, labor and job development for certification under this section.
71.93(1)(a)3.
3. An amount that the department of health and family services may recover under
s. 49.497, if the department of health and family services has certified the amount under
s. 49.85.
71.93(1)(a)4.
4. An amount that the department of industry, labor and job development may recover under
s. 49.125 or
49.195 (3), if the department of industry, labor and job development has certified the amount under
s. 49.85.
71.93(1)(b)
(b) "Debtor" means any person owing a debt to a state agency and any person who owes a delinquent child support or spousal support obligation to an agency of another state.
71.93(1)(c)
(c) "Department" means the department of revenue.
71.93(1)(d)
(d) "Refund" means the excess amount by which any payments, refundable credits or both exceed a debtor's Wisconsin tax liability or any other liability owed to the department.
71.93(2)
(2) Certification. A state agency may certify to the department for setoff any properly identified debt exceeding $20. At least 30 days prior to certification each debtor shall be sent a notice by the state agency of its intent to certify the debt to the department for setoff and of the debtor's right of appeal. At the time of certification, the certifying state agency shall furnish the social security number of individual debtors and the federal employer identification number of other debtors.
71.93(3)
(3) Administration. In administering this section the department shall first check with the state agency certifying the debt to determine whether the debt has been collected by other means. If the debt remains uncollected the department of revenue shall setoff any debt or other amount owed to the department, regardless of the origin of the debt or of the amount, its nature or its date. If after the setoff there remains a refund in excess of $10, the department shall set off the remaining refund against certified debts of other state agencies. If more than one certified debt exists for any debtor, the refund shall be first set off against the earliest debt certified, except that no child support or spousal support obligation submitted by an agency of another state may be set off until all debts owed to and certified by state agencies of this state have been set off. When all debts have been satisfied, any remaining refund shall be refunded to the debtor by the department.
71.93(4)
(4) Settlement. Within 30 days after the close of each calendar quarter, the department shall settle with each state agency that has certified a debt. Each settlement shall note the opening balance of debts certified, any additions or deletions, amounts set off and the ending balance at the close of the settlement period.
71.93(5)
(5) State agency charged for costs. At the time of each settlement, each state agency shall be charged for administration expenses, and the amounts charged shall be credited to the department's appropriation under
s. 20.566 (1) (h). Annually on or before November 1, the department shall review its costs incurred during the previous fiscal year in administering state agency setoffs and shall adjust its subsequent charges to each state agency to reflect that experience.
71.93(6)
(6) Written agreement and authority of department. Any state agency wishing to certify debts to the department shall enter into a written agreement with the department prior to any certification of debt. Any certification of debts by a state agency or changes to certified debts shall be in a manner and form prescribed by the department. The secretary of revenue shall be the final authority in the resolution of any interagency disputes in regard to certification of debts. If a refund is adjusted after a setoff, the department may readjust any erroneous settlement with a certifying state agency.
71.93(7)
(7) Exchange of information. Information relative to changes to any debt certified shall be exchanged promptly by each agency and the department setoff of refunds against debts certified by agencies and any reports of the setoff to certifying state agencies is not a violation of
ss. 71.78,
72.06,
77.61 (5),
78.80 (3) and
139.38 (6).
71.93(8)
(8) State agency debt agreements. Upon request by a state agency, the department of revenue may enter into an agreement with individuals who owe debts to the state agency. With the consent of the debtor, the department of revenue may arrange with the debtor's employer for the withholding from the debtor's pay of a specified amount to be applied against the debt.
71.935
71.935
Setoffs for municipalities and counties. 71.935(1)(a)
(a) "Debt" means an unpaid fine, fee, restitution or forfeiture of at least $20.
