806.25 No judgment without action.
806.32 Variation by agreement.
806.33 Determining the money of the claim.
806.34 Determining the amount of the money of certain contract claims.
806.35 Asserting and defending a foreign-money claim.
806.36 Judgments and awards on foreign-money claims; times of money conversion; form of judgment.
806.37 Conversions of foreign money in a distribution proceeding.
806.38 Prejudgment and judgment interest.
806.39 Enforcement of foreign judgments.
806.40 Temporarily determining the U.S. dollar value of foreign-money claims for limited purposes.
806.41 Effect of currency revalorizations.
806.42 Supplementary general principles of law.
806.43 Uniformity of application and construction.
Ch. 806 Note
NOTE: Chapter 806 was created by Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 714 (1975), which contains Judicial Council Committee notes explaining each section. Statutes prior to the 1983-84 edition also have these notes.
806.01(1)(a)(a) A judgment is the determination of the action. It may be final or interlocutory.
806.01(1)(b)
(b) Each judgment shall specify the relief granted or other determination of the action, and the name and place of residence of each party to the action.
806.01(1)(c)
(c) Every final judgment shall grant the relief to which the party in whose favor it is rendered is entitled, even if the party has not demanded the relief in the pleadings. If there be no answer the relief granted to the plaintiff shall not exceed that demanded in the complaint. If the amount of money sought was excluded from the demand for judgment, as required under
s. 802.02 (1m), the court shall require the plaintiff to specify the amount of money claimed and provide that information to the court and to the other parties prior to the court rendering judgment.
806.01(2)
(2) If a partial judgment is proper in an action with several parties, the court in its discretion, may render judgment against one or more of the defendants and dismiss or permit the action to proceed against the others. In case of a finding substantially disposing of a claim on its merits, but leaving an account to be taken or a condition to be performed in order fully to determine the rights of the parties, an interlocutory judgment may be rendered disposing of all issues covered by the finding and reserving final judgment.
806.01 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 715 (1975);
1975 c. 218;
1985 a. 145;
1987 a. 256.
806.01 Annotation
See note to 808.01, citing Estreen v. Bluhm, 79 W (2d) 142, 255 NW (2d) 473.
806.01 Annotation
Order filed after verdict which gave plaintiff option of accepting reduced judgment or new trial limited to issue of damages, was not a "judgment" under this section. Collins v. Gee, 82 W (2d) 376, 263 NW (2d) 158.
806.01 Annotation
Where plaintiff's complaint did not contain a specific damage claim, plaintiff's failure to serve an affidavit setting forth the amount of its claimed damages was grounds for reversing a default judgment. In a default judgement only the damages demanded may be awarded. Stein v. Illinois State Assistance Commission, 194 W (2d) 775, 535 NW (2d) 101 (Ct. App. 1995).
806.01 Annotation
The new Wisconsin rules of civil procedure: Chapters 805—807. Graczyk, 59 MLR 671.
806.02
806.02
Default judgment. 806.02(1)(1) A default judgment may be rendered as provided in
subs. (1) to
(4) if no issue of law or fact has been joined and if the time for joining issue has expired. Any defendant appearing in an action shall be entitled to notice of motion for judgment.
806.02(2)
(2) After filing the complaint and proof of service of the summons on one or more of the defendants and an affidavit that the defendant is in default for failure to join issue, the plaintiff may move for judgment according to the demand of the complaint. If the amount of money sought was excluded from the demand for judgment, as required under
s. 802.02 (1m), the court shall require the plaintiff to specify the amount of money claimed and provide that information to the court and to the other parties prior to the court rendering judgment. If proof of any fact is necessary for the court to give judgment, the court shall receive the proof.
806.02(3)
(3) If a defendant fails to appear in an action within the time fixed in
s. 801.09 the court shall, before entering a judgment against such defendant, require proof of service of the summons in the manner required by
s. 801.10 and, in addition, shall require further proof as follows:
806.02(3)(a)
(a) Where a personal claim is made against the defendant, the court shall require proof by affidavit or other evidence, to be made and filed, of the existence of any fact not shown by the complaint which is needed to establish grounds for personal jurisdiction over the defendant. The court may require such additional proof as the interests of justice require.
806.02(3)(b)
(b) Where no personal claim is made against the defendant, the court shall require such proofs, by affidavit or otherwise, as are necessary to show the court's jurisdiction has been invoked over the status, property or thing which is the subject of the action. The court may require such additional proof as the interests of justice require.
806.02(4)
(4) In an action on express contract for recovery of a liquidated amount of money only, the plaintiff may file with the clerk proof of personal service of the summons on one or more of the defendants and an affidavit that the defendant is in default for failure to join issue. The clerk shall render and enter judgment against the defendants who are in default for the amount demanded in the complaint. Leaving the summons at the abode of a defendant is not personal service within the meaning of this subsection.
806.02(5)
(5) A default judgment may be rendered against any defendant who has appeared in the action but who fails to appear at trial. If proof of any fact is necessary for the court to render judgment, the court shall receive the proof.
806.02 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 716 (1975); Sup. Ct. Order, 73 W (2d) xxxi (1976); Sup. Ct. Order, 82 W (2d) ix (1978); Sup. Ct. Order, 101 W (2d) xi (1981); Sup. Ct. Order, 109 W (2d) xiii (1982);
1987 a. 256.
806.02 Annotation
Cross-references: For time required for notice under (2), see s. 801.15 (4).
806.02 Annotation
See 802.06 (1) for provision giving the state 45 days to respond to a complaint or counterclaim.
806.02 Note
Judicial Council Committee's Note, 1976: A clerk of court is permitted under s. 806.06 (2) to render the judgment described in ss. 806.02 (4) and 806.03. [Re Order effective Jan. 1, 1977]
806.02 Note
Judicial Council Committee's Note, 1977: Sub. (5) has been modified to allow a judge in a default judgment matter to receive rather than mandatorily hear the proof of any fact necessary for a court to render judgment. This change allows a judge the option of in-chamber consideration of affidavits presented by attorneys. Under the present language the time of the judge may be taken up in open court hearing proof presented by the attorney orally whereas proof submitted by the attorney in the form of affidavits may be just as competent and trustworthy. Under the new language, the judge still retains the option of hearing proof in open court of any fact necessary to render a default judgment. [Re Order effective July 1, 1978]
806.02 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1981: Sub. (2) is amended to allow the court to receive proof of facts necessary for default judgment by affidavit rather than hearing. An analogous change was made in sub. (5) in 1977 for the same reasons. [Re Order effective July 1, 1981]
806.02 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1982: Sub. (4) is amended by eliminating the requirement that the plaintiff file the complaint in order to receive a default judgment. The complaint will already have been filed with the court when the action was commenced, prior to service of the summons. Sec. 801.02 (1). [Re Order effective Jan. 1, 1983]
806.02 Annotation
See notes to s. 806.07 for decisions relating to the vacation default judgments.
806.02 Annotation
Trial court properly granted default judgment against party failing to appear at scheduling conference. Damage amount, however, was not supported by record. Gaertner v. 880 Corp., 131 W (2d) 492, 389 NW (2d) 59 (Ct. App. 1986).
806.02 Annotation
Where plaintiff's complaint did not contain a specific damage claim, plaintiff's failure to serve an affidavit setting forth the amount of its claimed damages was grounds for reversing the default judgment. In a default judgement only the damages demanded may be awarded. Stein v. Illinois State Assistance Commission, 194 W (2d) 775, 535 NW (2d) 101 (Ct. App. 1995).
806.02 Annotation
A trial court in its discretion may deny a default judgment where it determines that it would reopen the case under s. 806.07. Johns v. County of Oneida, 201 W (2d) 600, 549 NW (2d) 269 (Ct. App. 1996).
806.03
806.03
Judgment on admitted claim; order to satisfy. In an action on an express contract for the recovery of a liquidated sum of money only, if the answer admits any part of the plaintiff's claim or if the answer sets up a counterclaim for an amount less than the plaintiff's claim and contains no other defense to the action, the clerk, on motion of the plaintiff, shall render and enter judgment for the amount so admitted or for the amount claimed in the complaint less the amount of the defendant's counterclaim. When the defendant admits part of the plaintiff's claim to be just, the court, on motion, may order the defendant to satisfy that part of the claim and may enforce the order as it enforces a judgment or provisional remedy.
806.03 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 718 (1975); Sup. Ct. Order, 73 W (2d) xxxi (1976).
806.03 Note
Judicial Council Committee's Note, 1976: A clerk of court is permitted under s. 806.06 (2) to render the judgment described in ss. 806.02 (4) and 806.03. [Re Order effective Jan. 1, 1977]
806.04
806.04
Uniform declaratory judgments act. 806.04(1)
(1)
Scope. Courts of record within their respective jurisdictions shall have power to declare rights, status, and other legal relations whether or not further relief is or could be claimed. No action or proceeding shall be open to objection on the ground that a declaratory judgment or decree is prayed for. The declaration may be either affirmative or negative in form and effect; and such declarations shall have the force and effect of a final judgment or decree, except that finality for purposes of filing an appeal as of right shall be determined in accordance with
s. 808.03 (1).
806.04(2)
(2) Power to construe, etc. Any person interested under a deed, will, written contract or other writings constituting a contract, or whose rights, status or other legal relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract or franchise, may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, contract or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status or other legal relations thereunder. No party shall be denied the right to have declared the validity of any statute or municipal ordinance by virtue of the fact that the party holds a license or permit under such statutes or ordinances.
806.04(3)
(3) Before breach. A contract may be construed either before or after there has been a breach thereof.
806.04(4)
(4) Representatives, etc. Any person interested as or through a personal representative, executor, administrator, trustee, guardian or other fiduciary, creditor, devisee, legatee, heir, next of kin or cestui que trust, in the administration of a trust, or of the estate of a decedent, an infant, mental incompetent or insolvent, may have a declaration of rights or legal relations in respect thereto:
806.04(4)(a)
(a) To ascertain any class of creditors, devisees, legatees, heirs, next of kin or others; or
806.04(4)(b)
(b) To direct the personal representatives, executors, administrators or trustees to do or abstain from doing any particular act in their fiduciary capacity; or
806.04(4)(c)
(c) To determine any question arising in the administration of the estate or trust, including questions of construction of wills and other writings.
806.04(5)
(5) Enumeration not exclusive. The enumeration in
subs. (2),
(3) and
(4) does not limit or restrict the exercise of the general powers conferred in
sub. (1) in any proceeding where declaratory relief is sought, in which a judgment or decree will terminate the controversy or remove an uncertainty.
806.04(6)
(6) Discretionary. The court may refuse to render or enter a declaratory judgment or decree where such judgment or decree, if rendered or entered, would not terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving rise to the proceeding.
806.04(7)
(7) Review. All orders, judgments and decrees under this section may be reviewed as other orders, judgments and decrees.
806.04(8)
(8) Supplemental relief. Further relief based on a declaratory judgment or decree may be granted whenever necessary or proper. The application therefor shall be by petition to a court having jurisdiction to grant the relief. If the application be deemed sufficient, the court shall, on reasonable notice, require any adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by the declaratory judgment or decree, to show cause why further relief should not be granted forthwith.
806.04(9)
(9) Jury trial. When a proceeding under this section involves the determination of an issue of fact, such issue may be tried and determined in the same manner as issues of fact are tried and determined in other civil actions in the court in which the proceeding is pending.
806.04(10)
(10) Costs. In any proceeding under this section the court may make such award of costs as may seem equitable and just.
806.04(11)
(11) Parties. When declaratory relief is sought, all persons shall be made parties who have or claim any interest which would be affected by the declaration, and no declaration may prejudice the right of persons not parties to the proceeding. In any proceeding which involves the validity of a municipal ordinance or franchise, the municipality shall be made a party, and shall be entitled to be heard. If a statute, ordinance or franchise is alleged to be unconstitutional, the attorney general shall also be served with a copy of the proceeding and be entitled to be heard. In any proceeding under this section in which the constitutionality, construction or application of any provision of
ch. 227, or of any statute allowing a legislative committee to suspend, or to delay or prevent the adoption of, a rule as defined in
s. 227.01 (13) is placed in issue by the parties, the joint committee for review of administrative rules shall be served with a copy of the petition and, with the approval of the joint committee on legislative organization, shall be made a party and be entitled to be heard. In any proceeding under this section in which the constitutionality, construction or application of any provision of
ch. 13,
20,
111,
227 or
230 or
subch. I,
III or
IV of ch. 16 or
s. 753.075, or of any statute allowing a legislative committee to suspend, or to delay or prevent the adoption of, a rule as defined in
s. 227.01 (13) is placed in issue by the parties, the joint committee on legislative organization shall be served with a copy of the petition and the joint committee on legislative organization, the senate committee on organization or the assembly committee on organization may intervene as a party to the proceedings and be heard.
806.04(12)
(12) Construction. This section is declared to be remedial; its purpose is to settle and to afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status and other legal relations; and is to be liberally construed and administered.
806.04(13)
(13) Words construed. The word "person" wherever used in this section, shall be construed to mean any person, partnership, joint stock company, unincorporated association or society, or municipal or other corporation of any character whatsoever.
806.04(14)
(14) Provisions severable. The several subsections and provisions of this section except
subs. (1) and
(2) are declared independent and severable, and the invalidity, if any, of any part or feature thereof shall not affect or render the remainder of the statute invalid or inoperative.
806.04(15)
(15) Uniformity of interpretation. This section shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it, and to harmonize, as far as possible, with federal laws and regulations on the subject of declaratory judgments and decrees.
806.04(16)
(16) Short title. This section may be cited as the "Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act".
806.04 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 718 (1975);
1975 c. 218; Sup. Ct. Order, 82 W (2d) ix (1978);
1977 c. 449;
1979 c. 38,
89,
175;
1979 c. 330 s.
13;
1979 c. 352,
355;
1981 c. 96 s.
67;
1981 c. 187 s.
10;
1981 c. 390 s.
252;
1983 a. 255 s.
6;
1985 a. 182 s.
57, Sup. Ct. Order, 166 W (2d) xix (1992).
806.04 Note
Judicial Council Committee's Note, 1977: Sub. (3m), as created by ch. 263, laws of 1973, is added. Sub. (3m), which was created during the time the rules of civil procedure were in the process of being adopted, was inadvertently not included in new s. 806.04 along with the other provisions of former s. 269.56. The only intent of the Judicial Council during the preparation of the Rules of Civil Procedure in regard to old s. 269.56 was to renumber it to s. 806.04. [Re Order effective July 1, 1978]
806.04 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1991: Sub. (1) is amended to clarify that a declaratory judgment is not appealable as of right unless it disposes of the entire matter in litigation as to one or more of the parties. [Re Order effective July 1, 1992]
806.04 Annotation
An action for declaratory judgment will not lie to define a law enforcement officer's right to demand that a doctor take a blood sample for an intoxication test where the complaint cites no statute under which the doctor is threatened with prosecution and where various facts might affect the rights of the person from whom blood is to be drawn. Waukesha Memorial Hospital v. Baird, 45 W (2d) 629, 173 NW (2d) 700.
806.04 Annotation
While in most cases a court may not know a declaratory judgment would not terminate a controversy giving rise to the proceeding until it had heard the evidence, a court need not go through trial to arrive at a foregone conclusion when it appears on the face of the complaint a declaratory judgment would not terminate the controversy. (Language in Miller v. Currie, 208 Wis. 199, intimating otherwise, is modified in accordance herewith.) American Med. S. Inc. v. Mutual Fed. S. & L. 52 W (2d) 198, 188 NW (2d) 529.
806.04 Annotation
Sub. (5) qualifies the specific powers enumerated in subs. (2), (3) and (4) as well as sub. (1) and the discretionary power in sub. (6) applies to all cases. Even if a complaint states a cause of action for declaratory relief it may be dismissed if a declaratory judgment would not terminate the controversy. American Med. S. Inc. v. Mutual Fed. S. & L. 52 W (2d) 198, 188 NW (2d) 529.
806.04 Annotation
In a suit for declaratory judgment the complaint should not be dismissed when the judgment declares the rights on the complaint or the merits are decided; dismissal is proper when for a valid reason the merits are not reached and the suit should not be entertained. Kenosha v. Unified School Dist. No. 1, 55 W (2d) 642, 201 NW (2d) 66.
806.04 Annotation
A complaint alleging that the insurance commissioner is threatening action against an insurance agent who also contracts to service employe welfare funds, claiming a violation of 211.14 (2) (a), Stats. 1969, states a valid basis for declaratory judgment as against a demurrer. Pension Management, Inc. v. DuRose, 58 W (2d) 122, 205 NW (2d) 553.
806.04 Annotation
In a complaint of putative father, challenge to the propriety of seeking declaratory relief is not sustained because the relief sought falls within the broad scope of declaratory judgment jurisdiction, meets the 4 requisites for its invocation, and a judgment entered herein will terminate the controversy. Slawek v. Stroh, 62 W (2d) 295, 215 NW (2d) 9.
806.04 Annotation
Plaintiffs-taxpayers have standing to challenge constitutionality of county assessor statute. Thompson v. Kenosha County, 64 W (2d) 673, 221 NW (2d) 845.
806.04 Annotation
Request by the employer for declaratory judgment cannot be entertained because the purpose of the statute was to expedite justice and to avoid long and complicated litigation, not to interrupt legal proceedings presently in operation. State v. WERC, 65 W (2d) 624, 223 NW (2d) 543.
806.04 Annotation
Service of a copy of the proceedings upon the attorney general under (11) is not only mandatory, but goes to the jurisdiction of the court to hear the action in the first instance. Bollhoffer v. Wolke, 66 W (2d) 141, 223 NW (2d) 902.
806.04 Annotation
Sustaining of the demurrer was also proper with respect to plaintiffs' attempt via declaratory judgment to effect dissolution of a subdivision corporation where: (1) The determination of the corporation's right to exist would affect members thereof not before the court as parties; (2) sub. (11) requires that all persons who "would be affected by the declaration" shall be made parties; and (3) a corporation may only be dissolved by voluntary act of its shareholders or involuntary proceedings initiated by the attorney general. Rudolph v. Indian Hills Estates, Inc. 68 W (2d) 768, 229 NW (2d) 671.
806.04 Annotation
Hospitals are "direct objects" of 70.11 (4m) for purposes of standing to bring declaratory judgment action seeking tax exemption for medical equipment leased by hospital from commercial lessor. Madison Gen. Hosp. Asso. v. City of Madison, 71 W (2d) 259, 237 NW (2d) 750.
806.04 Annotation
Declaratory judgments discussed. State ex rel. Lynch v. Conta, 71 W (2d) 662, 239 NW (2d) 313.
806.04 Annotation
Discussion of the use of the declaratory judgment act against the state, agencies and officers. Lister v. Bds. of Regents, 72 W (2d) 282, 240 NW (2d) 610.
806.04 Annotation
In declaratory judgment action by taxpayers against school board, legal conclusions in complaint challenging constitutionality of taxing statute were permissible. Declaratory judgment actions discussed. Tooley v. O'Connell, 77 W (2d) 422, 253 NW (2d) 335.
806.04 Annotation
Service on the attorney general is a jurisdictional prerequisite under (11) even when the constitutional issue is collateral to or a preliminary step in the determination of rights sought to be declared. O'Connell v. Bd. of Ed., Jt. Dist. #10, 82 W (2d) 728, 264 NW (2d) 561.
