71.47(2m)(a)1.
1. "Claimant" means an owner of farmland, as defined in
s. 91.01 (9), domiciled in this state during the entire year for which a credit under this subsection is claimed, except as follows:
71.47(2m)(a)1.a.
a. When 2 or more individuals of a household are able to qualify individually as a claimant, they may determine between them who the claimant shall be. If they are unable to agree, the matter shall be referred to the secretary of revenue, whose decision is final.
71.47(2m)(a)1.b.
b. For partnerships, except publicly traded partnerships treated as corporations under
s. 71.22 (1), or limited liability companies, except limited liability companies treated as corporations under
s. 71.22 (1), "claimant" means each individual partner or member.
71.47(2m)(a)1.c.
c. For purposes of filing a claim under this subsection, the personal representative of an estate and the trustee of a trust shall be deemed owners of farmland. "Claimant" does not include the estate of a person who is a nonresident of this state on the person's date of death, a trust created by a nonresident person, a trust which receives Wisconsin real property from a nonresident person or a trust in which a nonresident settlor retains a beneficial interest.
71.47(2m)(a)1.d.
d. For purposes of filing a claim under this subsection, when land is subject to a land contract, the claimant shall be the vendee under the contract.
71.47(2m)(a)1.e.
e. For purposes of filing a claim under this subsection, when a guardian has been appointed under
ch. 880 for a ward who owns the farmland, the claimant shall be the guardian on behalf of the ward.
71.47(2m)(a)1.f.
f. For a tax-option corporation, "claimant" means each individual shareholder.
71.47(2m)(a)3.
3. "Farmland" means 35 or more acres of real property, exclusive of improvements, in this state, in agricultural use, as defined in
s. 91.01 (1), and owned by the claimant or any member of the claimant's household during the taxable year for which a credit under this subsection is claimed if the farm of which the farmland is a part, during that year, produced not less than $6,000 in gross farm profits resulting from agricultural use, as defined in
s. 91.01 (1), or if the farm of which the farmland is a part, during that year and the 2 years immediately preceding that year, produced not less than $18,000 in such profits, or if at least 35 acres of the farmland, during all or part of that year, was enrolled in the conservation reserve program under
16 USC 3831 to
3836.
71.47(2m)(a)4.
4. "Gross farm profits" means gross receipts, excluding rent, from agricultural use, as defined in
s. 91.01 (1) including the fair market value at the time of disposition of payments in kind for placing land in federal programs or payments from the federal dairy termination program under
7 USC 1446 (d), less the cost or other basis of livestock or other items purchased for resale which are sold or otherwise disposed of during the taxable year.
71.47(2m)(a)5.
5. "Household" means an individual and his or her spouse and all minor dependents.
71.47(2m)(a)6.
6. "Property taxes accrued" means property taxes, exclusive of special assessments, delinquent interest and charges for service, levied on the farmland owned by the claimant or any member of the claimant's household in any calendar year under
ch. 70, less the tax credit, if any, afforded in respect of the property by
s. 79.10. "Property taxes accrued" shall not exceed $10,000. If farmland is owned by a tax-option corporation, limited liability company or by 2 or more persons or entities as joint tenants, tenants in common or partners or is marital property or survivorship marital property and one or more such persons, entities or owners is not a member of the claimant's household, "property taxes accrued" is that part of property taxes levied on the farmland, reduced by the tax credit under
s. 79.10, that reflects the ownership percentage of the claimant and the claimant's household. For purposes of this subdivision, property taxes are "levied" when the tax roll is delivered to the local treasurer for collection. If farmland is sold during the calendar year of the levy the "property taxes accrued" for the seller is the amount of the tax levy, reduced by the tax credit under
s. 79.10, prorated to each in the closing agreement pertaining to the sale of the farmland, except that if the seller does not reimburse the buyer for any part of those property taxes there are no "property taxes accrued" for the seller, and the "property taxes accrued" for the buyer is the property taxes levied on the farmland, reduced by the tax credit under
s. 79.10, minus, if the seller reimburses the buyer for part of the property taxes, the amount prorated to the seller in the closing agreement. With the claim for credit under this subsection, the seller shall submit a copy of the closing agreement and the buyer shall submit a copy of the closing agreement and a copy of the property tax bill.
71.47(2m)(b)1.1. `Eligibility and qualifications' a. Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection and
s. 71.80 (3) and
(3m), a claimant may claim as a credit against Wisconsin income or franchise taxes otherwise due, the amount derived under
par. (c). If the allowable amount of claim exceeds the income or franchise taxes otherwise due on or measured by the claimant's income or if there are no Wisconsin income or franchise taxes due on or measured by the claimant's income, the amount of the claim not used as an offset against income or franchise taxes shall be certified to the department of administration for payment to the claimant by check, share draft or other draft paid from the appropriation under
s. 20.835 (2) (q).
71.47(2m)(b)1.b.
b. Every claimant under this subsection shall supply, at the request of the department, in support of the claim, a copy of the property tax bill relating to the farmland and certification by the claimant that all taxes owed by the claimant on the property for which the claim is made for the year before the year for which the claim is made have been paid.
71.47(2m)(b)2.
2. `Ineligible claims.' No credit may be allowed under this subsection:
71.47(2m)(b)2.b.
b. If the department determines that ownership of the farmland has been transferred to the claimant for the purpose of maximizing benefits under this subsection.
71.47(2m)(c)1.1. Any claimant may claim against taxes otherwise due under this chapter 10% of the property taxes accrued in the taxable year to which the claim relates, up to a maximum claim of $1,000, except that the credit under this subsection plus the credit under
subch. IX may not exceed 95% of the property taxes accrued on the farm.
71.47(2m)(c)2.
2. Any claimant may claim against taxes otherwise due under this chapter, on an income or franchise tax return that includes the levy date, an additional one-time credit of 4.2% of the property taxes accrued, that are levied in December 1989, up to a maximum of $420.
71.47(2m)(d)
(d)
General provisions. Section 71.61 (1) to
(4) as it applies to the credit under
subch. IX applies to the credit under this subsection.
71.47(3)
(3) Manufacturing sales tax credit. 71.47(3)(a)2.
2. "Sales and use tax under
ch. 77 paid by the corporation" includes use taxes paid directly by the corporation and sales and use taxes paid by the corporation's supplier and passed on to the corporation whether separately stated on the invoice or included in the total price.
71.47(3)(b)
(b) The tax imposed upon or measured by corporation Wisconsin net income under
s. 71.43 (1) or
(2) shall be reduced by an amount equal to the sales and use tax under
ch. 77 paid by the corporation in such taxable year on fuel and electricity consumed in manufacturing tangible personal property in this state. Shareholders of a tax-option corporation and partners may claim the credit under this subsection, based on eligible sales and use taxes paid by the tax-option corporation or partnership, in proportion to the ownership interest of each shareholder or partner. The tax-option corporation or partnership shall calculate the amount of the credit that may be claimed by each shareholder or partner and shall provide that information to the shareholder or partner.
71.47(3)(c)1.1. If the credit computed under
par. (b) is not entirely offset against Wisconsin income or franchise taxes otherwise due, the unused balance shall be carried forward and credited against Wisconsin income or franchise taxes otherwise due for the following 15 taxable years to the extent not offset by these taxes otherwise due in all intervening years between the year in which the expense was incurred and the year in which the carry-forward credit is claimed.
71.47(3)(c)2.
2. For shareholders in a tax-option corporation, the credit may be offset only against the tax imposed on the shareholder's prorated share of the tax-option corporation's income.
71.47(3)(c)3.
3. For partners, the credit may be offset only against the tax imposed on the partner's distributive share of partnership income.
71.47(3)(c)4.
4. If a tax-option corporation becomes liable for tax for a taxable year that begins on or after January 1, 1998, the corporation may offset the credit against the tax due, with any remaining credit computed for a taxable year that begins on or after January 1, 1998, passing through to the shareholders.
71.47(3)(c)5.
5. If a corporation that is not a tax-option corporation has a carry-over credit from a taxable year that begins on or after January 1, 1998, and becomes a tax-option corporation before the credit carried over is used, the unused portion of the credit may be used by the tax-option corporation's shareholders on a prorated basis.
71.47(3)(c)6.
6. If the shareholders of a tax-option corporation have carry-over credits and the corporation becomes a corporation other than a tax-option corporation after October 14, 1997, and before the credits carried over are used, the unused portion of the credits may be used by the corporation that is not a tax-option corporation.
71.47(4)(a)(a)
Credit. Any corporation may credit against taxes otherwise due under this chapter an amount equal to 5% of the amount obtained by subtracting from the corporation's qualified research expenses, as defined in section
41 of the internal revenue code, except that "qualified research expenses" includes only expenses incurred by the claimant, incurred for research conducted in this state for the taxable year, except that a taxpayer may elect the alternative computation under section
41 (c) (4) of the Internal Revenue Code and that election applies until the department permits its revocation and except that "qualified research expenses" does not include compensation used in computing the credit under
subs. (1dj) and
(1dx), the corporation's base amount, as defined in section
41 (c) of the internal revenue code, except that gross receipts used in calculating the base amount means gross receipts from sales attributable to Wisconsin under
s. 71.25 (9) (b) 1. and
2. and
(d). Section
41 (h) of the internal revenue code does not apply to the credit under this paragraph.
71.47(4)(am)
(am)
Development zone additional research credit. In addition to the credit under
par. (a), any corporation may credit against taxes otherwise due under this chapter an amount equal to 5% of the amount obtained by subtracting from the corporation's qualified research expenses, as defined in section
41 of the internal revenue code, except that "qualified research expenses" include only expenses incurred by the claimant in a development zone under
subch. VI of ch. 560, except that a taxpayer may elect the alternative computation under section
41 (c) (4) of the Internal Revenue Code and that election applies until the department permits its revocation and except that "qualified research expenses" do not include compensation used in computing the credit under
sub. (1dj) nor research expenses incurred before the claimant is certified for tax benefits under
s. 560.765 (3), the corporation's base amount, as defined in section
41 (c) of the internal revenue code, in a development zone, except that gross receipts used in calculating the base amount means gross receipts from sales attributable to Wisconsin under
s. 71.25 (9) (b) 1. and
2. and
(d) and research expenses used in calculating the base amount include research expenses incurred before the claimant is certified for tax benefits under
s. 560.765 (3), in a development zone, if the claimant submits with the claimant's return a copy of the claimant's certification for tax benefits under
s. 560.765 (3) and a statement from the department of commerce verifying the claimant's qualified research expenses for research conducted exclusively in a development zone. The rules under
s. 73.03 (35) apply to the credit under this paragraph. The rules under
sub. (1di) (f) and
(g) as they apply to the credit under that subsection apply to claims under this paragraph. Section
41 (h) of the internal revenue code does not apply to the credit under this paragraph. No credit may be claimed under this paragraph for taxable years that begin on January 1, 1998, or thereafter. Credits under this paragraph for taxable years that begin before January 1, 1998, may be carried forward to taxable years that begin on January 1, 1998, or thereafter.
71.47(4)(b)
(b)
Adjustments. For taxable year 1985 and subsequent years, adjustments for acquisitions and dispositions of a major portion of a trade or business shall be made under section
41 of the internal revenue code as limited by this subsection.
71.47(4)(c)
(c)
Annualization. In the case of any short taxable year, qualified research expenses shall be annualized as prescribed by the department of revenue.
71.47(4)(d)
(d)
Proration. If a portion of qualified research expenses is incurred partly within and partly outside this state and the amount incurred in this state cannot be accurately determined, a portion of the qualified expenses shall be reasonably allocated to this state. Expenses incurred entirely outside this state for the benefit of research in this state are not allocable to this state under this paragraph.
71.47(4)(e)
(e)
Change of business or ownership. In the case of a change in ownership or business of a corporation, section
383 of the internal revenue code, as limited by this subsection, applies to the carry over of unused credits.
71.47(4)(f)
(f)
Carry-over. If a credit computed under this subsection is not entirely offset against Wisconsin income or franchise taxes otherwise due, the unused balance may be carried forward and credited against Wisconsin income or franchise taxes otherwise due for the following 15 taxable years to the extent not offset by these taxes otherwise due in all intervening years between the year in which the expense was incurred and the year in which the carry-forward credit is claimed.
71.47(4)(g)
(g)
Administration. The department of revenue has full power to administer the credits provided in this subsection and may take any action, conduct any proceeding and proceed as it is authorized in respect to income and franchise taxes imposed in this chapter. The income and franchise tax provisions in this chapter relating to assessments, refunds, appeals, collection, interest and penalties apply to the credits under this subsection.
71.47(4)(h)
(h)
Timely claim. No credit may be allowed under this subsection unless it is claimed within the period specified in
s. 71.75 (2).
71.47(4)(i)
(i)
Nonclaimants. The credits under this subsection may not be claimed by a partnership, except a publicly traded partnership treated as a corporation under
s. 71.22 (1), limited liability company, except a limited liability company treated as a corporation under
s. 71.22 (1), or tax-option corporation or by partners, including partners of a publicly traded partnership, members of a limited liability company or shareholders of a tax-option corporation.
71.47(5)
(5) Research facilities credit. 71.47(5)(a)(a)
Credit. For taxable year 1986 and subsequent years, any corporation may credit against taxes otherwise due under this chapter an amount equal to 5% of the amount paid or incurred by that corporation during the taxable year to construct and equip new facilities or expand existing facilities used in this state for qualified research, as defined in section
41 of the internal revenue code. Eligible amounts include only amounts paid or incurred for tangible, depreciable property but do not include amounts paid or incurred for replacement property.
71.47(5)(b)
(b)
Calculation and administration. Subsection (4) (b) to
(i) as it relates to the credit under that subsection applies to the credit under this subsection.
71.47(6)
(6) Supplement to federal historic rehabilitation credit. 71.47(6)(a)(a) Any person may credit against taxes otherwise due under this chapter, up to the amount of those taxes, an amount equal to 5% of the costs of qualified rehabilitation expenditures, as defined in section
47 (c) (2) of the internal revenue code, for certified historic structures on property located in this state if the physical work of construction or destruction in preparation for construction begins after December 31, 1988, and the rehabilitated property is placed in service after June 30, 1989.
71.47(6)(c)
(c) No person may claim the credit under this subsection unless the claimant includes with the claimant's return evidence that the rehabilitation was approved by the secretary of the interior under
36 CFR 67.6 before the physical work of construction, or destruction in preparation for construction, began.
71.47(6)(d)
(d) The Wisconsin adjusted basis of the building shall be reduced by the amount of any credit awarded under this subsection. The Wisconsin adjusted basis of a partner's interest in a partnership, a member's interest in a limited liability company or of stock in a tax-option corporation shall be adjusted to take into account adjustments made under this paragraph.
71.47(6)(e)
(e) The provisions of
sub. (4) (e),
(f),
(g) and
(h), as they apply to the credit under that subsection, apply to the credit under this subsection.
71.47(6)(f)
(f) A partnership, limited liability company or tax-option corporation may not claim the credit under this subsection. The individual partners, members of a limited liability company or shareholders in a tax-option corporation may claim the credit under this subsection based on eligible costs incurred by the partnership, limited liability company or tax-option corporation, in proportion to the ownership interest of each partner, member or shareholder. The partnership, limited liability company or tax-option corporation shall calculate the amount of the credit which may be claimed by each partner, member or shareholder and shall provide that information to the partner, member or shareholder.
71.47 History
History: 1987 a. 312,
411,
422;
1989 a. 31,
44,
56,
100,
336,
359;
1991 a. 39,
292,
315;
1993 a. 16,
112;
1995 a. 27 ss.
3407m to
3412m,
9116 (5);
1995 a. 209,
227,
417;
1997 a. 27,
41,
237,
299.
71.48
71.48
Payments of estimated taxes. Sections 71.29 and
71.84 (2) shall apply to insurers subject to taxation under this chapter.
71.48 History
History: 1987 a. 312.
71.49
71.49
General provisions. 71.49(1)(1)
Computation order. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this chapter, corporations computing liability for the tax under
s. 71.43 (1) or
(2) shall make computations in the following order:
71.49(1)(f)
(f) The total of farmers' drought property tax credit under
s. 71.47 (1fd), farmland preservation credit under
subch. IX, farmland tax relief credit under
s. 71.47 (2m) and estimated tax payments under
s. 71.48.
71.49(2)
(2) Elections under internal revenue code. Elections authorized by and made in accordance with the internal revenue code, except an election to file consolidated returns or to claim a credit against federal tax liability rather than a deduction from income, shall be deemed elections for the purpose of applying this chapter.
71.49(3)
(3) Penalties. Unless specifically provided in this subchapter, the penalties under
subch. XIII apply for failure to comply with this subchapter unless the context requires otherwise.
HOMESTEAD CREDIT
71.51
71.51
Purpose. The purpose of this subchapter is to provide credit to certain persons who own or rent their homestead, through a system of income tax credits and refunds, and appropriations from the general fund.
71.51 History
History: 1987 a. 312.
71.52
71.52
Definitions. In this subchapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
71.52(1)
(1) "Claimant" means a person who has filed a claim under this subchapter and who was domiciled in this state during the entire calendar year to which the claim for credit under this subchapter relates. When 2 individuals of a household are able to meet the qualifications for a claimant, they may determine between them as to who the claimant is. If they are unable to agree, the matter shall be referred to the secretary of revenue and the secretary's decision is final.
71.52(2)
(2) "Gross rent" means rental paid at arm's length, solely for the right of occupancy of a homestead. "Gross rent" does not include, whether expressly set out in the rental agreement or not, charges for any medical services; other personal services such as laundry, transportation, counseling, grooming, recreational and therapeutic services; shared living expenses, including but not limited to food, supplies and utilities unless utility payments are included in the gross rent paid to the landlord; and food furnished by the landlord as a part of the rental agreement. "Gross rent" includes the rental paid to a landlord for parking of a mobile home, exclusive of any charges for food furnished by the landlord as a part of the rental agreement, plus parking fees paid under
s. 66.058 (3) (c) for a rented mobile home. If a homestead is an integral part of a multipurpose or multidwelling building, "gross rent" is the percentage of the gross rent on that part of the multipurpose or multidwelling building occupied by the household as a principal residence plus the same percentage of the gross rent on the land surrounding it, not exceeding one acre, that is reasonably necessary for use of the multipurpose or multidwelling building as a principal residence, except as the limitations under
s. 71.54 (2) (b) apply. If the homestead is part of a farm, "gross rent" is the rent on up to 120 acres of the land contiguous to the claimant's principal residence plus the rent on all improvements to real property on that land, except as the limitations under
s. 71.54 (2) (b) apply. If a claimant and persons who are not members of the claimant's household reside in a homestead, the claimant's "gross rent" is the gross rent paid by the claimant to the landlord for the homestead.
71.52(3)
(3) "Homestead" means the dwelling, whether rented or owned, including owned as a joint tenant or tenant in common, or occupied as a buyer in possession under a land contract, and the land surrounding it, not exceeding one acre, that is reasonably necessary for use of the dwelling as a home, and may consist of a part of a multidwelling or multipurpose building and a part of the land upon which it is built.
71.52(4)
(4) "Household" means a claimant and an individual related to the claimant as husband or wife.
71.52(5)
(5) "Household income" means all income received by all persons of a household in a calendar year while members of the household, less $250 for each of the claimant's dependents, as defined in section
152 of the internal revenue code, who have the same principal abode as the claimant for more than 6 months during the year to which the claim relates.
71.52(6)
(6) "Income" means the sum of Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the following amounts, to the extent not included in Wisconsin adjusted gross income: maintenance payments (except foster care maintenance and supplementary payments excludable under section
131 of the internal revenue code), support money, cash public assistance (not including credit granted under this subchapter and amounts under
s. 46.27), cash benefits paid by counties under
s. 59.53 (21), the gross amount of any pension or annuity (including railroad retirement benefits, all payments received under the federal social security act and veterans disability pensions), nontaxable interest received from the federal government or any of its instrumentalities, nontaxable interest received on state or municipal bonds, worker's compensation, unemployment insurance, the gross amount of "loss of time" insurance, compensation and other cash benefits received from the United States for past or present service in the armed forces, scholarship and fellowship gifts or income, capital gains, gain on the sale of a personal residence excluded under section
121 of the internal revenue code, dividends, income of a nonresident or part-year resident who is married to a full-year resident, housing allowances provided to members of the clergy, the amount by which a resident manager's rent is reduced, nontaxable income of an American Indian, nontaxable income from sources outside this state and nontaxable deferred compensation. Intangible drilling costs, depletion allowances and depreciation, including first-year depreciation allowances under section
179 of the internal revenue code, amortization, contributions to individual retirement accounts under section
219 of the internal revenue code, contributions to Keogh plans, net operating loss carry-forwards and capital loss carry-forwards deducted in determining Wisconsin adjusted gross income shall be added to "income". "Income" does not include gifts from natural persons, cash reimbursement payments made under title XX of the federal social security act, surplus food or other relief in kind supplied by a governmental agency, the gain on the sale of a personal residence deferred under section
1034 of the internal revenue code or nonrecognized gain from involuntary conversions under section
1033 of the internal revenue code. Amounts not included in adjusted gross income but added to "income" under this subsection in a previous year and repaid may be subtracted from income for the year during which they are repaid. Scholarship and fellowship gifts or income that are included in Wisconsin adjusted gross income and that were added to household income for purposes of determining the credit under this subchapter in a previous year may be subtracted from income for the current year in determining the credit under this subchapter. A marital property agreement or unilateral statement under
ch. 766 has no effect in computing "income" for a person whose homestead is not the same as the homestead of that person's spouse.
71.52(7)
(7) "Property taxes accrued" means real or personal property taxes or monthly parking permit fees under
s. 66.058 (3) (c), exclusive of special assessments, delinquent interest and charges for service, levied on a homestead owned by the claimant or a member of the claimant's household. "Real or personal property taxes" means those levied under
ch. 70, less the tax credit, if any, afforded in respect of such property by
s. 79.10. If a homestead is owned by 2 or more persons or entities as joint tenants or tenants in common or is owned as marital property or survivorship marital property and one or more such persons, entities or owners is not a member of the claimant's household, property taxes accrued is that part of property taxes accrued levied on such homestead, reduced by the tax credit under
s. 79.10, that reflects the ownership percentage of the claimant and the claimant's household, except that if a homestead is owned by 2 or more natural persons or if 2 or more natural persons have an interest in a homestead, one or more of whom is not a member of the claimant's household, and the claimant has a present interest, as that term is used in
s. 700.03 (1), in the homestead and is required by the terms of a will that transferred the homestead or interest in the homestead to the claimant to pay the entire amount of property taxes levied on the homestead, property taxes accrued is property taxes accrued levied on such homestead, reduced by the tax credit under
s. 79.10. A marital property agreement or unilateral statement under
ch. 766 has no effect in computing property taxes accrued for a person whose homestead is not the same as the homestead of that person's spouse. For purposes of this subsection, property taxes are "levied" when the tax roll is delivered to the local treasurer for collection. If a homestead is sold or purchased during the calendar year of the levy, the property taxes accrued for the seller and the buyer are the amount of the tax levy prorated to each in proportion to the periods of time each both owned and occupied the homestead during the year to which the claim relates. The seller may use the closing agreement pertaining to the sale of the homestead, the property tax bill for the year before the year to which the claim relates or the property tax bill for the year to which the claim relates as the basis for computing property taxes accrued, but those taxes are allowable only for the portion of the year during which the seller owned and occupied the sold homestead. If a household owns and occupies 2 or more homesteads in the same calendar year, property taxes accrued is the sum of the prorated property taxes accrued attributable to the household for each of such homesteads. If the household owns and occupies the homestead for part of the calendar year and rents a homestead for part of the calendar year, it may include both the proration of taxes on the homestead owned and rent constituting property taxes accrued with respect to the months the homestead is rented in computing the amount of the claim under
s. 71.54 (1). If a homestead is an integral part of a multipurpose or multidwelling building, property taxes accrued are the percentage of the property taxes accrued on that part of the multipurpose or multidwelling building occupied by the household as a principal residence plus that same percentage of the property taxes accrued on the land surrounding it, not exceeding one acre, that is reasonably necessary for use of the multipurpose or multidwelling building as a principal residence, except as the limitations of
s. 71.54 (2) (b) apply. If the homestead is part of a farm, property taxes accrued are the property taxes accrued on up to 120 acres of the land contiguous to the claimant's principal residence and include the property taxes accrued on all improvements to real property located on such land, except as the limitations of
s. 71.54 (2) (b) apply.
