227.57(3)
(3) The court shall separately treat disputed issues of agency procedure, interpretations of law, determinations of fact or policy within the agency's exercise of delegated discretion.
227.57(4)
(4) The court shall remand the case to the agency for further action if it finds that either the fairness of the proceedings or the correctness of the action has been impaired by a material error in procedure or a failure to follow prescribed procedure.
227.57(5)
(5) The court shall set aside or modify the agency action if it finds that the agency has erroneously interpreted a provision of law and a correct interpretation compels a particular action, or it shall remand the case to the agency for further action under a correct interpretation of the provision of law.
227.57(6)
(6) If the agency's action depends on any fact found by the agency in a contested case proceeding, the court shall not substitute its judgment for that of the agency as to the weight of the evidence on any disputed finding of fact. The court shall, however, set aside agency action or remand the case to the agency if it finds that the agency's action depends on any finding of fact that is not supported by substantial evidence in the record.
227.57(7)
(7) If the agency's action depends on facts determined without a hearing, the court shall set aside, modify or order agency action if the facts compel a particular action as a matter of law, or it may remand the case to the agency for further examination and action within the agency's responsibility.
227.57(8)
(8) The court shall reverse or remand the case to the agency if it finds that the agency's exercise of discretion is outside the range of discretion delegated to the agency by law; is inconsistent with an agency rule, an officially stated agency policy or a prior agency practice, if deviation therefrom is not explained to the satisfaction of the court by the agency; or is otherwise in violation of a constitutional or statutory provision; but the court shall not substitute its judgment for that of the agency on an issue of discretion.
227.57(9)
(9) The court's decision shall provide whatever relief is appropriate irrespective of the original form of the petition. If the court sets aside agency action or remands the case to the agency for further proceedings, it may make such interlocutory order as it finds necessary to preserve the interests of any party and the public pending further proceedings or agency action.
227.57(10)
(10) Upon such review due weight shall be accorded the experience, technical competence, and specialized knowledge of the agency involved, as well as discretionary authority conferred upon it. The right of the appellant to challenge the constitutionality of any act or of its application to the appellant shall not be foreclosed or impaired by the fact that the appellant has applied for or holds a license, permit or privilege under such act.
227.57 History
History: 1975 c. 94 s.
3;
1975 c. 414;
1979 c. 208;
1985 a. 182 s.
41; Stats. 1985 s. 227.57.
227.57 Annotation
Finding of fact is supported under (6) if reasonable minds could arrive at the same conclusion. Westring v. James,
71 Wis. 2d 462,
238 N.W.2d 695.
227.57 Annotation
Reviewing court, in dealing with determination or judgment which administrative agency is alone authorized to make, must judge propriety of action solely by grounds invoked by agency with sufficient clarity. Stas v. Milw. County Civil Service Comm.
75 Wis. 2d 465,
249 N.W.2d 764.
227.57 Annotation
Where a DNR decision prohibited a structure s.30.12 and the riparian owner did not seek review under s. 227.20, 1983 stats., [now 227.57], the trial court had no jurisdiction to hear an action by the owner seeking a declaration that structure was a permitted "pier" under s. 30.13. Kosmatka v. DNR,
77 Wis. 2d 558,
253 N.W.2d 887.
227.57 Annotation
Summary judgment procedure is not authorized in proceedings for judicial review under this chapter. Wis. Environmental Decade v. PSC,
79 Wis. 2d 161,
255 N.W.2d 917.
227.57 Annotation
"Discretion" means process of reasoning, not decision-making, based on facts in record or reasonably inferred from record, and conclusion based on logical rationale founded on proper legal standards. Reidinger v. Optometry Examining Board,
81 Wis. 2d 292,
260 N.W.2d 270.
227.57 Annotation
Agency determination that Environmental Impact Statement was adequately prepared is reviewed under s. 227.20 [s. 227.57]. Wis. Environmental Decade v. PSC,
98 Wis. 2d 682,
298 N.W.2d 205 (Ct. App. 1980).
227.57 Annotation
Relief from judgment entered in ch. 227 review may not be granted under s. 806.07. Charter Mfg. v. Milw. River Restoration,
102 Wis. 2d 521,
307 N.W.2d 322 (Ct. App. 1981).
227.57 Annotation
Commission's change of accounting treatment for recovery of utility expenditures was arbitrary and capricious. Public Ser. Corp. v. PSC,
109 Wis. 2d 256,
325 N.W.2d 867 (1982).
227.57 Annotation
Sub. (7) grants trial court broad authority to remand matter to agency for further action where no hearing has been held and no particular result is compelled as matter of law. R. W. Docks & Slips v. DNR,
145 Wis. 2d 854,
429 N.W.2d 86 (Ct. App. 1988).
227.57 Annotation
On review, there are three levels of deference which may be given to an administrative agency's conclusions of law and statutory interpretations, depending on the agency's experience, technical competence and knowledge in regard to the question presented. Kelley Co. v. Marquardt,
172 Wis. 2d 234,
493 N.W.2d 68 (1992).
227.57 Annotation
Statutes enabling rule promulgation are strictly construed to preclude the exercise of a power not expressly granted. Whether an agency exceeded its authority in promulgating a rule is reviewed de novo by a reviewing court. State Public Intervenor v. DNR,
177 Wis. 2d 666,
503 N.W.2d 305 (Ct. App. 1993).
227.57 Annotation
Agency jurisdiction is a legal issue reviewed de novo by a reviewing court. An agency's decision on the scope of its own power is not binding on the court. Loomis v. Wisconsin Personnel Commission,
179 Wis. 2d 25,
505 N.W.2d 462 (Ct. App. 1993).
227.57 Annotation
Default judgment is incompatible with the scope of review of a ch. 227 proceeding. Wagner v. State Medical Examining Board,
181 Wis. 2d 633,
511 N.W.2d 874 (1994).
227.57 Annotation
A circuit judge has inherent authority to order briefs in a case under this section and to dismiss the action if a party fails to file a brief as ordered. Lee v. LIRC,
202 Wis. 2d 559,
550 N.W.2d 534 (Ct. App. 1996).
227.57 Annotation
De novo review of an administrative decision is appropriate only if the issue is one of first impression or the agency's position has been so inconsistent as to be of no guidance. An agency need not have considered identical or even substantially similar facts before, only the particular statutory scheme. ITW Deltar v. LIRC,
226 Wis. 2d 11,
593 N.W.2d 908 (Ct. App. 1999).
227.57 Annotation
Due process does not disqualify agency as decision-maker merely because of familiarity with facts of case. Hortonville Dist. v. Hortonville Ed. Asso.
426 U.S. 482.
227.57 Annotation
If court affirms agency decision under (2), unsuccessful claimant may not bring claim to federal court. Young v. Michigan Wisconsin Pipe Line Co.
569 F. Supp. 741 (1983).
227.57 Annotation
The scope of judicial review in Wisconsin. Hewitt, 1973 WLR 554.
227.57 Annotation
The standard of review of administrative rules in Wisconsin. 1982 WLR 691.
227.58
227.58
Appeals. Any party, including the agency, may secure a review of the final judgment of the circuit court by appeal to the court of appeals within the time period specified in
s. 808.04 (1).
227.58 History
History: 1977 c. 187 s.
134;
1983 a. 219;
1985 a. 182 s.
41; Stats. 1985 s. 227.58.
227.58 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1983: This section is amended by repealing the appeal deadline of 30 days from notice of entry of judgment for greater uniformity. An appeal must be initiated within the time specified in s. 808.04 (1), stats. This section is further amended to eliminate the superfluous provision that the appeal is taken in the manner of other civil appeals. Civil appeal procedures are governed by chs. 808 and 809. [Bill 151-S]
227.58 Annotation
Court of appeals had no power to remand case under 806.07 (1) (b) or (h); ch. 227 cannot be supplemented by statutory remedies pertaining to civil procedure. Chicago & N.W.R.R. v. LIRC,
91 Wis. 2d 462,
283 N.W.2d 603 (Ct. App. 1979).
227.59
227.59
Certification of certain cases from the circuit court of Dane County to other circuits. Any action or proceeding for the review of any order of an administrative officer, commission, department or other administrative tribunal of the state required by law to be instituted in or taken to the circuit court of Dane County except an action or appeal for the review of any order of the department of workforce development or the department of commerce or findings and orders of the labor and industry review commission which is instituted or taken and is not called for trial or hearing within 6 months after the proceeding or action is instituted, and the trial or hearing of which is not continued by stipulation of the parties or by order of the court for cause shown, shall on the application of either party on 5 days' written notice to the other be certified and transmitted for trial to the circuit court of the county of the residence or principal place of business of the plaintiff or petitioner, where the action or proceeding shall be given preference. Unless written objection is filed within the 5-day period, the order certifying and transmitting the proceeding shall be entered without hearing. The plaintiff or petitioner shall pay to the clerk of the circuit court of Dane County a fee of $2 for transmitting the record.
227.60
227.60
Jurisdiction of state courts to determine validity of laws when attacked in federal court and to stay enforcement. Whenever a suit praying for an interlocutory injunction shall have been begun in a federal district court to restrain any department, board, commission or officer from enforcing or administering any statute or administrative order of this state, or to set aside or enjoin the suit or administrative order, the department, board, commission or officer, or the attorney general, may bring a suit to enforce the statute or order in the circuit court of Dane County at any time before the hearing on the application for an interlocutory injunction in the suit in the federal court. Jurisdiction is hereby conferred upon the circuit court of Dane County and on the court of appeals, on appeal, to entertain the suit with the powers granted in this section. The circuit court shall, when the suit is brought, grant a stay of proceedings by any state department, board, commission or officer under the statute or order pending the determination of the suit in the courts of the state. The circuit court of Dane County upon the bringing of the suit therein shall at once cause a notice thereof, together with a copy of the stay order by it granted, to be sent to the federal district court in which the action was originally begun. An appeal shall be taken within the time period specified in
s. 808.04 (2). The appeal shall be given preference.
227.60 History
History: 1977 c. 187;
1983 a. 219;
1985 a. 182 s.
49; Stats. 1985 s. 227.60.
227.60 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1983: This section is amended to replace the appeal deadline of 10 days after termination of the suit by the time provisions of s. 808.04 (2), for greater uniformity. Section 808.04 (2) provides that an appeal must be initiated within 15 days of entry of judgment or order appealed from. The provision requiring preferential court treatment is harmonized and standardized with similar provisions in the statutes. [Bill 151-S]
