801.50 Venue in civil actions or special proceedings.
801.51 Challenges to improper venue.
801.52 Discretionary change of venue.
801.53 Determination of motion for change of venue.
801.56 Change of venue if judge disqualified by interest.
801.58 Substitution of judge.
801.61 Proceedings after order for change of venue.
801.62 Conclusiveness of change of venue; second motion.
801.63 Stay of proceeding to permit trial in a foreign forum.
Ch. 801 Note
NOTE: Chapter 801 was created by Sup. Ct. Order,
67 Wis. 2d 585 (1975), which contains Judicial Council Committee notes explaining each section. Statutes prior to the 1983-84 edition also have these notes.
801.01
801.01
Kinds of proceedings; scope of chs. 801 to 847. 801.01(1)(1)
Kinds. Proceedings in the courts are divided into actions and special proceedings. "Action", as used in
chs. 801 to
847, includes "special proceeding" unless a specific provision of procedure in special proceedings exists.
801.01(2)
(2) Scope. Chapters 801 to
847 govern procedure and practice in circuit courts of this state in all civil actions and special proceedings whether cognizable as cases at law, in equity or of statutory origin except where different procedure is prescribed by statute or rule.
Chapters 801 to
847 shall be construed to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.
801.01(3)(a)(a) Chapters 801 to
803 shall apply to all actions commenced on or after January 1, 1976.
801.01(3)(b)
(b) Chapters 804 to
807 shall apply to all actions pending or commenced on or after January 1, 1976, except those actions in which trial has commenced prior to January 1, 1976, as to which the statutes and rules in effect prior to January 1, 1976, shall continue to apply.
801.01(3)(c)
(c) Amendments and repeals of sections outside of
chs. 801 to
807 shall be effective as follows:
801.01(3)(c)1.
1. Amendments and repeals effected in order to conform with provisions in
chs. 801 to
803 shall apply to all actions commenced on or after January 1, 1976.
801.01(3)(c)2.
2. Amendments and repeals other than those effected in order to conform with provisions in
chs. 801 to
803 shall take effect on January 1, 1976, as to all actions then pending or thereafter commenced, except as provided in
par. (b).
801.01 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order,
67 Wis. 2d 585, 588 (1975);
1977 c. 449;
1979 c. 89;
1981 c. 390.
801.01 Annotation
Chapters 801 to 847 apply to in rem actions under s. 161.555 (now s. 961.555) and, under s. 801.07, may not be brought against an inanimate object as sole "defendant". State v. One 1973 Cadillac,
95 Wis. 2d 641,
291 N.W.2d 626 (Ct. App. 1980).
801.01 Annotation
An "action" includes special proceedings such as probate. In Matter of Estate of Martz,
171 Wis. 2d 89,
491 N.W.2d 772 (Ct. App. 1992).
801.01 Annotation
The applicability of chs. 801 to 847 in civil actions is not determined by a "mere alleged incompatibility" of statutes. Without an explicit or implicit prescription by the statute of a "different procedure", chs. 801 to 847 are applicable in civil proceedings. State v. Brown,
215 Wis. 2d 710, 573 NW 884 (Ct. App. 1997).
801.01 Annotation
The new Wisconsin rules of civil procedure: Chapters 801—803. Clausen and Lowe. 59 MLR 1.
801.02
801.02
Commencement of action. 801.02(1)
(1) A civil action in which a personal judgment is sought is commenced as to any defendant when a summons and a complaint naming the person as defendant are filed with the court, provided service of an authenticated copy of the summons and of the complaint is made upon the defendant under this chapter within 90 days after filing.
801.02(2)
(2) A civil action in which only an in rem or quasi in rem judgment is sought is commenced as to any defendant when a summons and a complaint are filed with the court, provided service of an authenticated copy of the summons and of either the complaint or a notice of object of action under
s. 801.12 is made upon the defendant under this chapter within 90 days after filing.
801.02(3)
(3) The original summons and complaint shall be filed together. The authenticated copies shall be served together except:
801.02(3)(a)
(a) In actions in which a personal judgment is sought, if the summons is served by publication, only the summons need be published, but a copy of the complaint shall be mailed with a copy of the summons as required by
s. 801.11, and;
801.02(3)(b)
(b) In actions in which only an in rem or quasi in rem judgment is sought, the summons may be accompanied by a notice of object of action pursuant to
s. 801.12 in lieu of a copy of the complaint and, when the summons is served by publication, only the summons need be published, but a copy of the complaint or notice of object of action shall be mailed with the copy of the summons as required by
s. 801.12.
801.02(4)
(4) No service shall be made under
sub. (3) until the action has been commenced in accordance with
sub. (1) or
(2).
801.02(5)
(5) An action seeking a remedy available by certiorari, quo warranto, habeas corpus, mandamus or prohibition may be commenced under
sub. (1), by service of an appropriate original writ on the defendant named in the writ if a copy of the writ is filed forthwith, or by filing a complaint demanding and specifying the remedy, if service of an authenticated copy of the complaint and of an order signed by the judge of the court in which the complaint is filed is made upon the defendant under this chapter within the time period specified in the order. The order may specify a time period shorter than that allowed by
s. 802.06 for filing an answer or other responsive pleading.
801.02(6)
(6) Fees payable upon commencement of a civil action shall be paid to the clerk at the time of filing.
801.02(7)(a)1.
1. "Correctional institution" means any state or local facility that incarcerates or detains any adult accused of, charged with, convicted of, or sentenced for any crime. A correctional institution includes a Type 1 prison, as defined in
s. 301.01 (5), a Type 2 prison, as defined in
s. 301.01 (6), a county jail and a house of correction.
801.02(7)(a)2.
2. "Prisoner" means any person who is incarcerated, imprisoned or otherwise detained in a correctional institution or who is arrested or otherwise detained by a law enforcement officer. "Prisoner" does not include any of the following:
801.02(7)(a)2.b.
b. A person bringing an action seeking relief from a judgment terminating parental rights.
801.02(7)(a)2.c.
c. A person bringing an action seeking relief from a judgment of conviction or a sentence of a court, including an action for an extraordinary writ or a supervisory writ seeking relief from a judgment of conviction or a sentence of a court or an action under
s. 809.30,
809.40,
973.19 or
974.06.
801.02(7)(a)2.d.
d. A person bringing an action under
s. 809.50 seeking relief from an order or judgment not appealable as of right that was entered in a proceeding under
ch. 980 or in a case specified under
s. 809.30 or
809.40.
801.02(7)(a)2.e.
e. A person who is not serving a sentence for the conviction of a crime but who is detained, admitted or committed under
ch. 51 or
55 or
s. 971.14 (2) or
(5).
801.02(7)(a)3.
3. "Prison or jail conditions" means any matter related to the conditions of confinement or to the effects of actions by government officers, employees or agents on the lives of prisoners.
801.02(7)(b)
(b) No prisoner may commence a civil action or special proceeding, including a petition for a common law writ of certiorari, with respect to the prison or jail conditions in the facility in which he or she is or has been incarcerated, imprisoned or detained until the person has exhausted all available administrative remedies that the department of corrections has promulgated by rule or, in the case of prisoners not in the custody of the department of corrections, that the sheriff, superintendent or other keeper of a jail or house of correction has reduced to writing and provided reasonable notice of to the prisoners.
801.02(7)(bm)
(bm) A prisoner commencing an action or special proceeding shall first comply with the provisions of
s. 893.80 or
893.82 unless one of the following applies:
801.02(7)(bm)1.
1. The prisoner is filing a petition for a common law writ of certiorari.
801.02(7)(bm)2.
2. The prisoner is commencing an action seeking injunctive relief and the court finds that there is a substantial risk to the prisoner's health or safety.
801.02(7)(c)
(c) At the time of filing the initial pleading to commence an action or special proceeding, including a petition for a common law writ of certiorari, related to prison or jail conditions, a prisoner shall include, as part of the initial pleading, documentation showing that he or she has exhausted all available administrative remedies. The documentation shall include copies of all of the written materials that he or she provided to the administrative agency as part of the administrative proceeding and all of the written materials the administrative agency provided to him or her related to that administrative proceeding. The documentation shall also include all written materials included as part of any administrative appeal. The court shall deny a prisoner's request to proceed without the prepayment of fees and costs under
s. 814.29 (1m) if the prisoner fails to comply with this paragraph or if the prisoner has failed to exhaust all available administrative remedies.
801.02(7)(d)
(d) If the prisoner seeks leave to proceed without giving security for costs or without the payment of any service or fee under
s. 814.29, the court shall dismiss any action or special proceeding, including a petition for a common law writ of certiorari, commenced by any prisoner if that prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while he or she was incarcerated, imprisoned, confined or detained in a jail or prison, brought an appeal, writ of error, action or special proceeding, including a petition for a common law writ of certiorari, that was dismissed by a state or federal court for any of the reasons listed in
s. 802.05 (3) (b) 1. to
4. The court may permit a prisoner to commence the action or special proceeding, notwithstanding this paragraph, if the court determines that the prisoner is in imminent danger of serious physical injury.
801.02 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order,
67 Wis. 2d 585, 589 (1975);
1975 c. 218;
1981 c. 289,
317;
1995 a. 27;
1997 a. 133,
187.
801.02 Note
Judicial Council Note, 1981: Sub. (1) is amended to allow an action seeking an extraordinary remedy to be commenced in the same manner as any other civil action. Sub. (5) allows the additional option of using an order to shorten the time for filing a response to the complaint in lieu of a summons. This option is for the emergency situation when the case may be moot before a response would be filed. The order serves the same purpose as the alternative writ and the order to show cause used to initiate the action under writ procedures. In all other matters of procedure, the rules of civil procedure govern to the extent applicable. Sub. (5) applies only to procedure in the circuit court. In seeking an extraordinary remedy in the supreme court or court of appeals, s. 809.51, stats., should be followed. [Bill 613-A]
801.02 Annotation
Pursuant to sub. (5), a certiorari action may be commenced in three ways: 1) pursuant to sub. (1) allowing for a summons and complaint, 2) by service of an appropriate writ, or 3) by filing a complaint and serving it along with an order, in lieu of a summons, upon defendant. Nickel River Inv. v. LaCrosse Review Bd.,
156 Wis. 2d 429,
457 N.W.2d 333 (Ct. App 1990).
801.02 Annotation
A certiorari action may be commenced by filing and serving a summons and complaint pursuant to sub. (1). Tobler v. Door County,
158 Wis. 2d 19,
461 N.W.2d 775 (1990).
801.02 Annotation
The test to determine whether defects in summons and complaints are fatal is set forth. The trail court has jurisdiction where the error is technical and the complainant can show that the defendant was not prejudiced. Where the error is fundamental, no jurisdiction may attach. American Family Mut. Ins. v. Royal Ins. Co.
167 Wis. 2d 524,
481 N.W.2d 629 (1992).
801.02 Annotation
A summons that designated an attorney to receive the defendant's answer, but was signed by the plaintiff, was technically defective and did not deprive the court of personal jurisdiction. Dungan v. County of Pierce,
170 Wis. 2d 89,
486 N.W.2d 77 (Ct. App. 1992).
801.02 Annotation
Sub. (1) applies to the service of amended complaints. Archambault v. A-C Product Liability Trust,
205 Wis. 2d 400,
556 N.W.2d 392 (Ct. App. 1996).
801.02 Annotation
A summons served by publication under sub. (3) must be authenticated. Where an authenticated copy of the summons was published, but an unauthenticated copy was mailed together with authenticated copies of the original summons and complaint, there was a technical, but no fundamental, error. Burnett v. Hill,
207 Wis. 2d 110,
557 N.W.2d 800 (1997).
801.02 Annotation
An inmate challenging the calculation of his mandatory release date is not seeking relief from a judgment of conviction or a sentence of a court, does not fall within sub. (7) (a) 2. c., and is therefore a "prisoner" within the meaning of sub. (7) who must comply with the requirements of that subsection. State ex rel. Stinson v. Morgan,
226 Wis. 2d 100,
593 N.W.2d 924 (Ct. App. 1999).
801.02 Annotation
For a paper to be filed, it must be properly deposited with the clerk under s. 59.40 (2). "Properly" connotes complying with formality or correctness, but is not susceptible to exact definition. The delivery of papers to the clerk at his home after business hours was too far removed from legislative guidelines to be considered properly deposited. Granado v. Sentry Insurance,
228 Wis. 2d 794,
599 N.W.2d 62 (Ct. App. 1999).
801.02 Annotation
The sub. (7) (d) 3. dismissals rule does not apply when a prisoner has sufficient prison trust funds to pay the filing fee in full. A court order under s. 814.29 (1m) (d) is required to release the funds. State ex rel. Coleman v. Sullivan, 229 Wis.2d 804,
601 N.W.2d 335 (Ct. App. 1999).
801.02 Annotation
The definition of "correctional institution" in sub. (7) (a) 1. does not include an out-of-state county jail, and therefore a Wisconsin inmate sent to such a jail is not a prisoner under sub. (7) (a) 2. State ex rel. Speener v. Gudmanson, 2000 WI 78,
234 Wis. 2d 461,
610 N.W.2d 136.
801.02 Annotation
Sub. (7) (d), as applied to the petitioner, did not violate the constitutional guarantees of access to the courts or equal protection. State ex rel. Khan v. Sullivan, 2000 WI App 109,
235 Wis. 2d 260,
613 N.W.2d 203.
801.02 Annotation
A petitioner who seeks to overturn the revocation of probation by a writ of certiorari is a prisoner under sub. (7) (a) 2. A probation revocation is not analogous to a judgment of conviction or a sentence, and a writ of certiorari challenging revocation is not subject to the exclusion under sub. (7) (a) 2. c. State ex rel. Cramer v. Wisconsin Court of Appeals, 2000 WI 86,
236 Wis. 2d 473,
613 N.W.2d 591.
801.03
801.03
Jurisdiction; definitions. In this chapter, the following words have the designated meanings:
801.03(1)
(1) "Defendant" means the person named as defendant in a civil action, and where in this chapter acts of the defendant are referred to, the reference attributes to the defendant any person's acts for which acts the defendant is legally responsible. In determining for jurisdiction purposes the defendant's legal responsibility for the acts of another, the substantive liability of the defendant to the plaintiff is irrelevant.
801.03(2)
(2) "Person" means any natural person, partnership, association, and body politic and corporate.
801.03(3)
(3) "Plaintiff" means the person named as plaintiff in a civil action, and where in this chapter acts of the plaintiff are referred to, the reference attributes to the plaintiff the acts of an agent within the scope of the agent's authority.
801.03 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order,
67 Wis. 2d 585, 591 (1975);
1975 c. 218;
1983 a. 189.
801.03 Annotation
Illegal aliens have the right to sue in Wisconsin for injuries negligently inflicted upon them. Arteaga v. Literski,
83 Wis. 2d 128,
265 N.W.2d 148 (1978).
801.04
801.04
Jurisdictional requirements for judgments against persons, status and things. 801.04(1)
(1)
Jurisdiction of subject matter required for all civil actions. A court of this state may entertain a civil action only when the court has power to hear the kind of action brought. The power of the court to hear the kind of action brought is called "jurisdiction of the subject matter". Jurisdiction of the subject matter is conferred by the constitution and statutes of this state and by statutes of the United States; it cannot be conferred by consent of the parties. Nothing in
chs. 801 to
847 affects the subject matter jurisdiction of any court of this state.
801.04(2)
(2) Personal jurisdiction. A court of this state having jurisdiction of the subject matter may render a judgment against a party personally only if there exists one or more of the jurisdictional grounds set forth in
s. 801.05 or
801.06 and in addition either:
801.04(2)(b)
(b) Service of a summons is dispensed with under the conditions in
s. 801.06.
801.04(3)
(3) Jurisdiction in rem or quasi in rem. A court of this state having jurisdiction of the subject matter may render a judgment in rem or quasi in rem upon a status or upon a property or other thing pursuant to
s. 801.07 and the judgment in such action may affect the interests in the status, property or thing of all persons served pursuant to
s. 801.12 with a summons and complaint or notice of object of action as the case requires.
801.04 History
History: Sup. Ct. Order,
67 Wis. 2d 585, 591 (1975);
1979 c. 89.
801.04 Annotation
A court having jurisdiction may decline to exercise it if there are sufficient policy reasons to do so. Jones v. Jones,
54 Wis. 2d 41,
194 N.W.2d 627.
801.04 Annotation
State courts, including small claims courts, have a constitutional obligation to hear and decide 42 USC s. 1983 cases whether or not the federal right asserted is pendent to a state claim. Terry v. Kolski,
78 Wis. 2d 475,
254 N.W.2d 704.
801.04 Annotation
A prior adult proceeding that litigated the question of the respondent's age collaterally estopped the state from relitigating the same question in juvenile court, and the juvenile court has subject matter jurisdiction of the case. In Interest of H.N.T.
125 Wis. 2d 242,
371 N.W.2d 395 (Ct. App. 1985).
801.04 Annotation
Subject to limited exceptions, complainants in 42 USC 1983 actions need not exhaust administrative remedies prior to being brought in state court. Casteel v. Vaade,
167 Wis. 2d 1,
481 N.W.2d 277 (1992).
801.04 Annotation
State court jurisdiction. 1978 WLR 533.
801.05
801.05
Personal jurisdiction, grounds for generally. A court of this state having jurisdiction of the subject matter has jurisdiction over a person served in an action pursuant to
s. 801.11 under any of the following circumstances:
801.05(1)
(1) Local presence or status. In any action whether arising within or without this state, against a defendant who when the action is commenced:
801.05(1)(a)
(a) Is a natural person present within this state when served; or
801.05(1)(b)
(b) Is a natural person domiciled within this state; or
801.05(1)(c)
(c) Is a domestic corporation or limited liability company; or
801.05(1)(d)
(d) Is engaged in substantial and not isolated activities within this state, whether such activities are wholly interstate, intrastate, or otherwise.
