285.27(2)
(2) Emission standards for hazardous air contaminants. 285.27(2)(a)(a)
Similar to federal standard. If an emission standard for a hazardous air contaminant is promulgated under section 112 of the federal clean air act, the department shall promulgate by rule a similar standard, including administrative requirements that are consistent with the federal administrative requirements, but this standard may not be more restrictive in terms of emission limitations than the federal standard except as provided under
sub. (4).
285.27(2)(b)
(b)
Standard to protect public health or welfare. If an emission standard for a hazardous air contaminant is not promulgated under section 112 of the federal clean air act, the department may promulgate an emission standard for the hazardous air contaminant if the department finds the standard is needed to provide adequate protection for public health or welfare. The department may not make this finding for a hazardous air contaminant unless the finding is supported with written documentation that includes all of the following:
285.27(2)(b)1.
1. A public health risk assessment that characterizes the types of stationary sources in this state that are known to emit the hazardous air contaminant and the population groups that are potentially at risk from the emissions.
285.27(2)(b)2.
2. An analysis showing that members of population groups are subjected to levels of the hazardous air contaminant that are above recognized environmental health standards or will be subjected to those levels if the department fails to promulgate the proposed emission standard for the hazardous air contaminant.
285.27(2)(b)3.
3. An evaluation of options for managing the risks caused by the hazardous air contaminant considering risks, costs, economic impacts, feasibility, energy, safety, and other relevant factors, and a finding that the chosen compliance alternative reduces risks in the most cost-effective manner practicable.
285.27(2)(b)4.
4. A comparison of the emission standards for hazardous air contaminants in this state to hazardous air contaminant standards in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Ohio.
285.27(2)(c)
(c)
Restrictive standard. The department may impose a more restrictive emission standard for a hazardous air contaminant than the standard promulgated under
par. (a) or
(b) on a case-by-case basis if a more restrictive standard is needed to meet the applicable lowest achievable emission rate under
s. 285.63 (2) (b) or to install the best available control technology under
s. 285.63 (3) (a).
285.27(2)(d)
(d)
Emissions regulated under federal law. Emissions limitations promulgated under
par. (b) and related control requirements do not apply to hazardous air contaminants emitted by emissions units, operations, or activities that are regulated by an emission standard promulgated under section 112 of the federal clean air act, including a hazardous air contaminant that is regulated under section 112 of the federal clean air act by virtue of regulation of another substance as a surrogate for the hazardous air contaminant or by virtue of regulation of a species or category of hazardous air contaminants that includes the hazardous air contaminant.
285.27(3)
(3) Limitation on imposition of emission standards. The department may not impose emission standards on a coal-powered car ferry that was manufactured before 1954 and has operated only on Lake Michigan if the coal-powered car ferry does not burn coal with a higher sulfur content than the coal burned before May 2, 1990.
285.27(4)
(4) Impact of change in federal standards. If the standards of performance for new stationary sources or the emission standards for hazardous air contaminants under the federal clean air act are relaxed, the department shall alter the corresponding state standards unless it finds that the relaxed standards would not provide adequate protection for public health and welfare. The department may not make this finding for an emission standard for a hazardous air contaminant unless the finding is supported with the written documentation required under
sub. (2) (b) 1. to
4. This subsection applies to state standards of performance for new stationary sources and emission standards for hazardous air contaminants in effect on April 30, 1980, if the relaxation in the corresponding federal standards occurs after April 30, 1980.
285.27 History
History: 1995 a. 227 s.
474,
989;
2003 a. 118.
285.27 Cross-reference
Cross Reference: See also NR 400-, Wis. adm. code.
285.27 Annotation
The promulgation of emission standards under s. 144.375 (5) (b) [now s. 285.27 (2) (b)] is discussed. Wisconsin Hospital Association. v. Natural Resources Board,
156 Wis. 2d 688,
457 N.W.2d 879 (Ct. App. 1990).
285.29
285.29
Best available retrofit technology. 285.29(1)
(1)
Case-by-case specification. If visibility in an area is identified as an important value of the area under section 169A of the federal clean air act, the department shall specify on a case-by-case basis the best available retrofit technology for any existing major source located in the area and identified under section 169A of the federal clean air act.
285.29(2)
(2) Considerations. In specifying the best available retrofit technology, the department shall consider:
285.29(2)(b)
(b) The existing pollution control technology in use at the source.
285.29(2)(d)
(d) The degree of improvement in visibility which may be anticipated to result from the use of various retrofit technologies.
285.29(2)(e)
(e) The energy and nonair quality environmental impacts of compliance.
285.29 History
History: 1979 c. 221;
1995 a. 227 s.
469; Stats. 1995 s. 285.29.
VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND MOBILE SOURCES; EMISSION LIMITS AND STANDARDS
285.30
285.30
Motor vehicle emissions limitations; inspections. 285.30(1)(1)
Definitions. As used in this section, unless the context requires otherwise:
285.30(1)(a)
(a) "Federal act" means the federal clean air act,
42 USC 7401 et seq., and regulations issued by the federal environmental protection agency under that act.
285.30(2)
(2) Limitations. The department shall adopt rules specifying emissions limitations for all motor vehicles not exempted under
sub. (5). The limitations may be different for each size, type and year of vehicle engine affected and may not be more stringent than those required by federal law at the time of the vehicle's manufacture. The limitations shall be adopted and periodically revised upon consideration of the following factors:
285.30(2)(a)
(a) The emissions reductions necessary to achieve federally mandated ambient air quality standards by any deadline established by the federal act and to maintain those standards after any deadline established by the federal act.
285.30(2)(b)
(b) The emissions levels attainable by reasonable preventive maintenance practices relating to installed emission control equipment and devices for each model year, size and type of motor vehicle affected.
285.30(2)(c)
(c) The requirements for eligibility for a manufacturer's warranty under section 7541 (b) of the federal act.
285.30(3)
(3) Counties where inspections required. If the department finds that air quality within a county will not meet one or more applicable primary or secondary ambient air quality standards by any deadline established by the federal act, or that these standards will not be maintained in the county after any deadline established by the federal act and that inspection of emissions from motor vehicles in any part of the county is required by federal law to attain or maintain these standards, the department shall certify this finding to the department of transportation.
285.30(4)
(4) Termination. If the department finds that air quality within a county specified in a certification under
sub. (3) has attained all applicable ambient air quality standards and that these standards will be maintained in the county or that control of motor vehicle emissions is no longer required by federal law for attainment and maintenance of these standards, the department shall notify the department of transportation that the county is withdrawn from the certification under
sub. (3).
285.30(5)
(5) Exemptions. Emissions limitations promulgated under
sub. (2) do not apply to the following motor vehicles:
285.30(5)(a)
(a) A motor vehicle of a model year of 1967 or earlier.
285.30(5)(b)
(b) A motor vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 10,000 pounds, as determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle.
285.30(5)(c)
(c) A motor vehicle exempt from registration under
s. 341.05, except that a motor vehicle owned by the United States is not exempt unless it comes under
par. (a),
(b),
(d),
(e),
(f),
(g),
(h), or
(j).
285.30(5)(e)
(e) A new motor vehicle not previously registered in any state.
285.30(5)(f)
(f) A motor vehicle for which inspection, in the judgment of the department, is not a cost effective method for attaining and maintaining air quality.
285.30(6)
(6) Tampering with pollution control system or mechanism. 285.30(6)(a)1.
1. "Air pollution control equipment" means any equipment or feature which constitutes an operational element of the air pollution control system or mechanism of a motor vehicle.
285.30(6)(a)3.
3. "Tamper" means to dismantle, to remove without replacing with an identical or comparable tested replacement device or to cause to be inoperative any air pollution control equipment.
285.30(6)(b)
(b)
Prohibition. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, no person may fail to maintain in good working order or may tamper with air pollution control equipment.
285.30(6)(c)
(c)
Ineligibility for motor vehicle registration. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, if any person tampers with the air pollution control equipment of a motor vehicle, that vehicle is ineligible for motor vehicle registration until the air pollution control equipment is replaced, repaired or restored to good working order.
285.30(6)(d)
(d)
Suspension or cancellation of motor vehicle registration. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, if the owner of a motor vehicle tampers with or causes or knowingly permits any person to tamper with the air pollution control equipment, the motor vehicle registration for that vehicle may be suspended or canceled in addition to any other penalty provided by law.
285.30(6)(e)
(e)
Rule making. The department shall promulgate rules that specify the requirements for the inspection of motor vehicles for the occurrence of tampering with air pollution control equipment.
285.30 Cross-reference
Cross Reference: See also ch.
NR 485, Wis. adm. code.
285.31
285.31
Gasoline vapor recovery. 285.31(1)(a)
(a) "Gasoline dispensing facility" means a place where gasoline is dispensed to motor vehicle gasoline tanks from stationary storage tanks.
285.31(1)(b)
(b) "Retail station" means a gasoline dispensing facility where gasoline is sold at retail.
285.31(1)(c)
(c) "Vapor control system" means a system that gathers vapors of organic compounds, including gasoline and benzene, released during the operation of transfer, storage or processing equipment and processes the vapors to prevent their emission into the atmosphere.
285.31(3)(a)(a) The department shall promulgate rules, based on requirements under
42 USC 7511a, that require the owner or operator of a retail station that is located in an ozone nonattainment area with a classification under
42 USC 7511 (a) of moderate or worse to install and operate a vapor control system that is approved by the department on the equipment that is used to dispense gasoline to a motor vehicle gasoline tank or other fuel tank.
285.31(3)(b)
(b) The department shall establish vapor recovery efficiency standards for vapor control systems approved under
par. (a). The department shall use nationally recognized methods to determine the vapor recovery efficiency of vapor control systems.
285.31(4)
(4) Implementation of requirements. 285.31(4)(a)(a) The rules promulgated under
sub. (3) shall have an effective date of November 15, 1992. The rules shall apply the requirements under
sub. (3) beginning on November 15, 1993, except that the requirements under
sub. (3) shall apply beginning on May 15, 1993, to retail stations the construction of which begins after November 15, 1990.
285.31(4)(b)
(b) The department may not require the owner or operator of a retail station that is located in this state to install or operate a vapor control system for gasoline dispensing equipment before November 15, 1993, or, if construction of the retail station begins after November 15, 1990, before May 15, 1993.
285.31 History
History: 1991 a. 39;
1993 a. 16;
1995 a. 27,
144;
1995 a. 227 s.
504; Stats. 1995 s. 285.31;
1997 a. 27.
285.33
285.33
Employee trip reduction program. 285.33(1)(a)(a) The department shall issue documents that describe the areas of the state in which employee trip reduction programs are required by
42 USC 7511a (d) (1) (B).
285.33(1)(b)
(b) The department may, by rule, determine areas of the state, other than areas described under
par. (a), in which the department will require employee trip reduction programs. The department may not require an employee trip reduction program in an area unless that requirement is authorized under
s. 285.11 (6).
285.33(2)(a)(a) The department shall promulgate by rule requirements for employers who are located in areas described under
sub. (1) (a) or
(b) to implement programs to reduce work-related trips and miles traveled by employees. The department shall develop the rules in accordance with
42 USC 7511a (d) (1) (B) and the guidance issued by the administrator of the federal environmental protection agency under
42 USC 7408 (f).
285.33(2)(b)
(b) The rules under
par. (a) shall establish reasonable limits on the direct and indirect expenses that an employer may be required to incur to comply with the rules. The rules shall specify a limit for each of the following:
285.33(2)(b)1.
1. The maximum annual expenses for each worksite subject to the rules.
285.33(2)(b)2.
2. The maximum annual expenses for each employee subject to the rules at a worksite.
285.33(3)(a)(a) Except as provided under
sub. (4) or
(5), if an employer is located in an area that is described before November 15, 1993, by the department under
sub. (1) (a) or
(b) and is subject to the rules promulgated under
sub. (2), the employer shall submit to the department, no later than November 15, 1994, a plan that demonstrates that the employer will comply with the rules no later than November 15, 1996.
285.33(3)(b)
(b) The department may not require as a condition of approving a compliance plan that an employer incur annual expenses greater than the limits established under
sub. (2) (b).
285.33(3)(c)
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer is considered to meet the requirements of this section if the employer's compliance plan is approved by the department and the employer makes reasonable efforts to implement the compliance plan.
285.33(4)(a)(a) Instead of submitting a compliance plan under
sub. (3) (a), an employer may submit to the department a plan for an alternate control program that provides for any of the following:
285.33(4)(a)1.
1. Air quality benefits similar to a compliance plan under
sub. (3) (a), as determined by the department.
285.33(4)(a)2.
2. A reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds, achieved after August 31, 1995, in the areas described under
sub. (1) (a) or
(b) that is at least 1.3 times the reduction of the emissions of volatile organic compounds that would be achieved under a compliance plan under
sub. (3) (a).
285.33(4)(a)3.
3. A reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds, achieved after August 31, 1995, in the areas described under
sub. (1) (a) or
(b) that is equal to or greater than the reduction of the emissions of volatile organic compounds that would be achieved under a compliance plan under
sub. (3) (a), if the emissions reduction is included in an operation permit under
s. 285.60 or another document that is enforceable by the federal government.
285.33(4)(b)
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an employer with an alternate control plan under
par. (a) 1. or
2. that is approved by the department is considered to meet the requirements of this section if the employer makes reasonable efforts to implement the alternate control plan.
