74.35(2m)
(2m) Exclusive procedure. A claim that property is exempt, other than a claim that property is exempt under
s. 70.11 (21) or
(27), may be made only in an action under this section. Such a claim may not be made by means of an action under
s. 74.33 or an action for a declaratory judgment under
s. 806.04.
74.35(3)(a)(a) In this subsection, to "disallow" a claim means either to deny the claim in whole or in part or to fail to take final action on the claim within 90 days after the claim is filed.
74.35(3)(b)
(b) The taxation district shall notify the claimant by certified or registered mail whether the claim is allowed or disallowed within 90 days after the claim is filed.
74.35(3)(c)
(c) If the governing body of the taxation district determines that an unlawful tax has been paid and that the claim for recovery of the unlawful tax has complied with all legal requirements, the governing body shall allow the claim. The taxation district treasurer shall pay the claim not later than 90 days after the claim is allowed.
74.35(3)(d)
(d) If the taxation district disallows the claim, the claimant may commence an action in circuit court to recover the amount of the claim not allowed. The action shall be commenced within 90 days after the claimant receives notice by certified or registered mail that the claim is disallowed.
74.35(4)
(4) Interest. The amount of a claim filed under
sub. (2) or an action commenced under
sub. (3) may include interest computed from the date of filing the claim against the taxation district, at the rate of 0.8% per month.
74.35(5)
(5) Limitations on bringing claims. 74.35(5)(a)(a) Except as provided under
par. (b), a claim under this section shall be filed by January 31 of the year in which the tax is payable.
74.35(5)(b)
(b) A claim under this section for recovery of taxes paid to the wrong taxation district shall be filed within 2 years after the last date specified for timely payment of the tax under
s. 74.11,
74.12 or
74.87.
74.35(5)(c)
(c) No claim may be filed or maintained under this section unless the tax for which the claim is filed, or any authorized installment payment of the tax, is timely paid under
s. 74.11,
74.12 or
74.87.
74.35(5)(d)
(d) No claim may be made under this section based on the contention that the tax was unlawful because the property is exempt from taxation under
s. 70.11 (21) or
(27).
74.35(6)
(6) Compensation for taxation district. If taxes are refunded under
sub. (3), the governing body of the taxation district may proceed under
s. 74.41.
74.35 Annotation
This section only authorizes courts to determine whether a taxpayer is exempt from taxes already paid, not taxes that might be assessed in the future. Tax exempt status, once granted, is not automatic. It is subject to continuing review, a notion inconsistent with a declaration that property is exempt from future property taxes. Northwest Wisconsin Community Services Agency, Inc. v. City of Montreal, 2010 WI App 119, ___ Wis. 2d___, ___ N.W.2d ___,
09-2568.
74.37
74.37
Claim on excessive assessment. 74.37(1)
(1)
Definition. In this section, a "claim for an excessive assessment" or an "action for an excessive assessment" means a claim or action, respectively, by an aggrieved person to recover that amount of general property tax imposed because the assessment of property was excessive.
74.37(2)(a)(a) A claim for an excessive assessment may be filed against the taxation district, or the county that has a county assessor system, which collected the tax.
74.37(2)(b)
(b) A claim filed under this section shall meet all of the following conditions:
74.37(2)(b)2.
2. State the alleged circumstances giving rise to the claim.
74.37(2)(b)3.
3. State as accurately as possible the amount of the claim.
74.37(2)(b)5.
5. Be served on the clerk of the taxation district, or the clerk of the county that has a county assessor system, in the manner prescribed in
s. 801.11 (4) by January 31 of the year in which the tax based upon the contested assessment is payable.
74.37(3)(a)(a) In this subsection, to "disallow" a claim means either to deny the claim in whole or in part or to fail to take final action on the claim within 90 days after the claim is filed.
74.37(3)(b)
(b) The taxation district or county that has a county assessor system shall notify the claimant by certified or registered mail whether the claim is allowed or disallowed within 90 days after the claim is filed.
74.37(3)(c)
(c) If the governing body of the taxation district or county that has a county assessor system determines that a tax has been paid which was based on an excessive assessment, and that the claim for an excessive assessment has complied with all legal requirements, the governing body shall allow the claim. The taxation district or county treasurer shall pay the claim not later than 90 days after the claim is allowed.
74.37(3)(d)
(d) If the taxation district or county disallows the claim, the claimant may commence an action in circuit court to recover the amount of the claim not allowed. The action shall be commenced within 90 days after the claimant receives notice by registered or certified mail that the claim is disallowed.
74.37(4)(a)(a) No claim or action for an excessive assessment may be brought under this section unless the procedures for objecting to assessments under
s. 70.47, except under
s. 70.47 (13), have been complied with. This paragraph does not apply if notice under
s. 70.365 was not given.
74.37(4)(b)
(b) No claim or action for an excessive assessment may be brought or maintained under this section unless the tax for which the claim is filed, or any authorized installment of the tax, is timely paid under
s. 74.11 or
74.12.
74.37(4)(c)
(c) No claim or action for an excessive assessment may be brought or maintained under this section if the assessment of the property for the same year is contested under
s. 70.47 (7) (c),
(13), or
(16) (c) or
70.85. No assessment may be contested under
s. 70.47 (7) (c),
(13), or
(16) (c) or
70.85 if a claim is brought and maintained under this section based on the same assessment.
74.37(4)(d)
(d) No claim or action for an excessive assessment may be brought or maintained under this section if the taxation district in which the property is located enacts an ordinance under
s. 70.47 (7) (c) or if the 1st class city in which the property is located enacts an ordinance under
s. 70.47 (16) (c), except that this paragraph does not apply if the taxation district or the 1st class city did not comply with
s. 70.365.
74.37(5)
(5) Interest. The amount of a claim filed under
sub. (2) or an action commenced under
sub. (3) may include interest at the average annual discount rate determined by the last auction of 6-month U.S. treasury bills before the objection per day for the period of time between the time when the tax was due and the date that the claim was paid.
74.37(6)
(6) Exception. This section does not apply in counties with a population of 500,000 or more.
74.37 Note
NOTE: The supreme court in Nankin v. Village of Shorewood, 2001 WI 92,
245 Wis. 2d 86,
630 N.W.2d 141, held sub. (6) to be unconstitutional and severed from the remainder of the statute.
74.37(7)
(7) Compensation. If taxes are refunded under
sub. (3), the governing body of the taxation district or county that has a county assessor system may proceed under
s. 74.41.
74.37 Annotation
Sections 70.47 (13), 70.85, and 74.37 provide the exclusive method to challenge a municipality's bases for assessment of individual parcels. All require appeal to the board of review prior to court action. There is no alternative procedure to challenge an assessment's compliance with the uniformity clause. Hermann v. Town of Delavan,
215 Wis. 2d 370,
572 N.W.2d 855 (1998),
96-0171.
74.37 Annotation
Sub. (6) is unconstitutional and severed from the remainder of the section. Nankin v. Village of Shorewood, 2001 WI 92,
245 Wis. 2d 86,
630 N.W.2d 141,
99-1058.
74.37 Annotation
Claimants who never received notice of a changed assessment under s. 70.365 were exempt from the obligation to proceed before the board of review. However, they were required to meet the January 31 filing date in sub. (2), regardless of the fact that they never received the notice. Reese v. City of Pewaukee, 2002 WI App 67,
252 Wis. 2d 361,
642 N.W.2d 596,
01-0850.
74.37 Annotation
While certiorari review of an assessment is limited to the review of the board of assessment's record, sub. (3) (d) allows the court to proceed without regard to any determination made at an earlier proceeding. The assessor's assessment is presumed correct only if the challenging party does not present significant contrary evidence. The court may hear new evidence and can enter a judgment if it is in the best interest of the parties under s. 73.39 (3). Bloomer Housing Limited Partnership v. City of Bloomer, 2002 WI App 252,
257 Wis. 2d 883,
653 N.W.2d 309,
01-3495.
74.37 Annotation
After Nankin, the state-wide application of this section must prevail over any statutes that would defeat its implementation. Special rules help harmonize provisions that were once fully compatible with this section but, as a result of Nankin, conflict with this section. U.S. Bank National Association v. City of Milwaukee, 2003 WI App 220,
267 Wis. 2d 718,
672 N.W.2d 722,
03-0724.
74.37 Annotation
When a taxpayer brings an action to recover excessive taxes under this section, the least favorable outcome for the taxpayer, and the best possible outcome for the taxation authority, is for the court to conclude there were no excessive taxes. The court cannot impose a greater tax burden than the one the taxation authority already agreed to when it accepted the taxpayer's payment. Although the court need not defer to the board of review's determination, and there is a statutory presumption that the assessor's determination is correct, when the board of review reduces the original assessment the court cannot reinstate the assessor's original assessment. Trailwood Ventures, LLC v. Village of Kronenwetter, 2009 WI App 18,
315 Wis. 2d 791,
762 N.W.2d 841,
08-1221.
74.37 Annotation
When a city assessor correctly applies the Property Assessment Manual and statutes, and there is no significant evidence to the contrary, courts will reject a party's challenge to the assessment. Allright Properties, Inc. v. City of Milwaukee, 2009 WI App 46,
317 Wis. 2d 228,
767 N.W.2d 567,
08-0510.
74.37 Annotation
The legislature met Nankin's equal protection concerns but still gave communities, not limited to Milwaukee County, the choice to relegate those taxpayers unhappy with their assessments to procedures other than the action permitted by sub. (3) (d) by giving those communities the ability to opt out of the action route by the adoption of an appropriate ordinance under sub. (4) (d), which, unlike the pre-Nankin scheme, provides a broad right to be heard in court following an adverse decision by a board of review. Metropolitan Associates v. City of Milwaukee, 2009 WI App 157,
321 Wis. 2d 632,
774 N.W.2d 821,
09-0524.
74.39
74.39
Court-ordered reassessment. 74.39(1)
(1)
Court may order. Except as provided in
sub. (3), in any action under
s. 74.35 (3) or
74.37 (3), if the court determines that a reassessment of the property upon which the taxes were paid is necessary, the court, before entering judgment, shall continue the action to permit reassessment of the property. If, based on the reassessment, the court determines that the amount of taxes paid by the plaintiff is not excessive, judgment shall be entered for the defendant. If, based on the reassessment, the court determines that the amount of taxes paid by the plaintiff is excessive, judgment shall be entered for the plaintiff for the amount of the excessive taxes paid.
74.39(2)
(2) Challenge of reassessment. The validity of a reassessment under
sub. (1) may be challenged under
s. 75.54. A reassessment under
s. 75.54 shall be made by the assessor of the assessment district in which the property to be reassessed is located.
74.39(3)
(3) Exception. The court may proceed to judgment without ordering a reassessment under
sub. (1), if the court finds that to do so is in the best interests of all parties to the action and if the court is able to determine the amount of unlawful taxes with reasonable certainty.
74.39 History
History: 1987 a. 378.
74.41
74.41
Charging back refunded or rescinded taxes; sharing certain collected taxes. 74.41(1)
(1)
Submission of refunded or rescinded taxes to department. By October 1 of each year, the clerk of a taxation district may submit to the department of revenue, on a form prescribed by the department of revenue, a listing of all general property taxes on the district's tax roll which, subject to
sub. (2), meet any of the following conditions:
74.41(2)
(2) Amount required for submission. A tax may be included on a form submitted under
sub. (1) only if one of the following applies:
74.41(2)(a)
(a) The tax and all other taxes under
sub. (1) which are levied for the same year and which are listed on the same form total at least $5,000.
74.41(2)(b)
(b) The tax under
sub. (1) for any single description of property in the tax roll for any one year is $500 or more.
74.41(3)
(3) Effect on equalized value determined. The department of revenue shall, by the November 15 following submission of the form under
sub. (1), determine the amount of the change, if any, in the equalized valuation of the taxation district resulting from a consideration of the valuation represented by the taxes under
sub. (1). The determination of the department of revenue under this subsection is reviewable only under
s. 227.53.
74.41(4)
(4) Amount determined. If the department of revenue determines under
sub. (3) that the equalized value of the taxation district is changed as a result of consideration of the valuation represented by the taxes under
sub. (1), the department of revenue shall do one of the following:
74.41(4)(a)
(a) Adjust the equalized value of the taxation district under
s. 70.57.
74.41(4)(b)
(b) Determine the amount of rescinded or refunded taxes to be charged back to, and collected from, each taxing jurisdiction for which taxes were collected by the taxation district, and determine the amount of taxes collected under
s. 74.33 to be shared with each taxing jurisdiction for which taxes were collected by the taxation district. Except for interest on refunds under
s. 70.511 (2) (b) that is paid with respect to property that was assessed under
s. 70.995 and that is not paid by the department of administration under
s. 70.511 (2) (bm), the amount determined may not include any interest.
74.41(5)(a)(a) The department of revenue shall certify to the clerk of the taxation district the amount determined under
sub. (4) (a) or
(b) and shall furnish a copy of the certification to each affected taxing jurisdiction.
74.41(5)(b)
(b) Each taxing jurisdiction to which an amount is charged back under
sub. (4) (b) shall pay the amount certified under
par. (a) to the taxation district treasurer by February 15 of the year following the determination under
sub. (3). By February 15 of the year following the determination under
sub. (3), the taxation district treasurer shall pay the amounts to be shared with other taxing jurisdictions.
74.41(6)
(6) No effect on mill rate limits. A tax levied by a taxation jurisdiction to fund an amount which the taxing jurisdiction is required to pay under
sub. (5) shall not be considered in determining whether the taxing jurisdiction is in compliance with any statutorily imposed mill rate limit.
74.42
74.42
Charge back of personal property taxes; subsequent distributions. 74.42(1)(1)
Charge back. No earlier than February 2 and no later than April 1, the taxation district treasurer may charge back to each taxing jurisdiction within the taxation district, except this state, its proportionate share of those personal property taxes for which the taxation district settled in full the previous year, which were delinquent at the time of settlement, which have not been collected in the intervening year, and which remain delinquent, if the taxes are owed by an entity that has ceased operations, or filed a petition for bankruptcy, or are due on personal property that has been removed from the next assessment roll. At the same time, if there are charge-backs, the taxation district treasurer shall charge back to the county the state's proportionate share of those taxes. No later than the first May 1 after receipt of a notice of a charge-back, the taxing jurisdiction shall pay to the taxation district treasurer the amount due, and the state shall pay to the proper county treasurer the amount due.
74.42(2)
(2) Subsequent distributions. An amount equal to any delinquent personal property taxes charged back under
sub. (1) which are subsequently collected by the taxation district, minus the cost of collecting those taxes, shall be proportionately distributed to each taxing jurisdiction to which the delinquent taxes were charged back under
sub. (1). Distributions under this subsection shall be made on May 15, August 15, November 15 and February 15.
RETURN AND COLLECTION OF DELINQUENT TAXES
74.43
74.43
Return of unpaid taxes, special assessments and special charges. 74.43(1)(1)
Delivery of tax roll. Except as provided in
s. 74.12, on or before February 20, the taxation district treasurer, except the treasurer of a city authorized to act under
s. 74.87, shall transfer the tax roll to the county treasurer. The tax roll transferred to the county treasurer shall meet all of the following conditions:
74.43(1)(c)
(c) Reflect all payments received by the taxation district treasurer.
74.43(2)
(2) Correction of property description. If the county treasurer discovers any error or inadequacy in the description of any property in the tax roll, he or she may correct the description in the tax roll at any time prior to issuance of the tax certificate under
s. 74.57. If the county treasurer corrects a description of property, he or she shall keep a record identifying the place where each correction is made, briefly describing the correction and specifying the date when the correction was made.
74.43(3)
(3) County treasurer to accept unpaid taxes. If the roll is delivered under
sub. (1), the county treasurer shall accept all unpaid real property taxes, special assessments, special charges and special taxes contained in the tax roll.
74.43 History
History: 1987 a. 378;
1991 a. 39.
74.45
74.45
Certificate of delinquent taxes; endorsement of treasurer's bond.
