51.14(5)
(5) Appeal. Any person who is aggrieved by a determination or order under
sub. (4) and who is directly affected by the determination or order may appeal to the court of appeals under
s. 809.30.
51.14(6)
(6) Finding or order not a finding of mental illness. A finding or order under this section does not constitute a finding of mental illness.
51.14(7)
(7) Listing of mental health review officers. The department shall compile a list that specifies the mental health review officers in each county, post the list on the department's Web site, and update the list as necessary.
51.14 Note
NOTE: 1987 Wis. Act 367, that created this section, contains a prefatory note and an explanatory note following the section.
51.15
51.15
Emergency detention. 51.15(1)(a)(a) A law enforcement officer or other person authorized to take a child into custody under
ch. 48 or to take a juvenile into custody under
ch. 938 may take an individual into custody if the officer or person has cause to believe that the individual is mentally ill, is drug dependent, or is developmentally disabled, and that the individual evidences any of the following:
51.15(1)(a)1.
1. A substantial probability of physical harm to himself or herself as manifested by evidence of recent threats of or attempts at suicide or serious bodily harm.
51.15(1)(a)2.
2. A substantial probability of physical harm to other persons as manifested by evidence of recent homicidal or other violent behavior on his or her part, or by evidence that others are placed in reasonable fear of violent behavior and serious physical harm to them, as evidenced by a recent overt act, attempt or threat to do serious physical harm on his or her part.
51.15(1)(a)3.
3. A substantial probability of physical impairment or injury to himself or herself due to impaired judgment, as manifested by evidence of a recent act or omission. The probability of physical impairment or injury is not substantial under this subdivision if reasonable provision for the individual's protection is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of these services or, in the case of a minor, if the individual is appropriate for services or placement under
s. 48.13 (4) or
(11) or
938.13 (4). Food, shelter or other care provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of obtaining the care for himself or herself, by any person other than a treatment facility, does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's protection available in the community under this subdivision.
51.15(1)(a)4.
4. Behavior manifested by a recent act or omission that, due to mental illness or drug dependency, he or she is unable to satisfy basic needs for nourishment, medical care, shelter, or safety without prompt and adequate treatment so that a substantial probability exists that death, serious physical injury, serious physical debilitation, or serious physical disease will imminently ensue unless the individual receives prompt and adequate treatment for this mental illness or drug dependency. No substantial probability of harm under this subdivision exists if reasonable provision for the individual's treatment and protection is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of these services, if the individual may be provided protective placement or protective services under
ch. 55, or, in the case of a minor, if the individual is appropriate for services or placement under
s. 48.13 (4) or
(11) or
938.13 (4). The individual's status as a minor does not automatically establish a substantial probability of death, serious physical injury, serious physical debilitation or serious disease under this subdivision. Food, shelter or other care provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of providing the care for himself or herself, by any person other than a treatment facility, does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's treatment or protection available in the community under this subdivision.
51.15(1)(b)
(b) The officer's or other person's belief shall be based on any of the following:
51.15(1)(b)1.
1. A specific recent overt act or attempt or threat to act or omission by the individual which is observed by the officer or person.
51.15(1)(b)2.
2. A specific recent overt act or attempt or threat to act or omission by the individual which is reliably reported to the officer or person by any other person, including any probation, extended supervision and parole agent authorized by the department of corrections to exercise control and supervision over a probationer, parolee or person on extended supervision.
51.15(2)
(2) Facilities for detention. The law enforcement officer or other person authorized to take a child into custody under
ch. 48 or to take a juvenile into custody under
ch. 938 shall transport the individual, or cause him or her to be transported, for detention, if the county department of community programs in the county in which the individual was taken into custody approves the need for detention, and for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment if permitted under
sub. (8) to any of the following facilities:
51.15(2)(a)
(a) A hospital which is approved by the department as a detention facility or under contract with a county department under
s. 51.42 or
51.437, or an approved public treatment facility;
51.15(2)(b)
(b) A center for the developmentally disabled;
51.15(2)(d)
(d) An approved private treatment facility, if the facility agrees to detain the individual.
51.15(3)
(3) Custody. Upon arrival at the facility, the individual is deemed to be in the custody of the facility.
51.15(4)
(4) Detention procedure; Milwaukee County. 51.15(4)(a)(a) In counties having a population of 500,000 or more, the law enforcement officer or other person authorized to take a child into custody under
ch. 48 or to take a juvenile into custody under
ch. 938 shall sign a statement of emergency detention which shall provide detailed specific information concerning the recent overt act, attempt, or threat to act or omission on which the belief under
sub. (1) is based and the names of the persons observing or reporting the recent overt act, attempt, or threat to act or omission. The law enforcement officer or other person is not required to designate in the statement whether the subject individual is mentally ill, developmentally disabled, or drug dependent, but shall allege that he or she has cause to believe that the individual evidences one or more of these conditions. The law enforcement officer or other person shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, the statement to the detention facility upon the delivery of the individual to it.
51.15(4)(b)
(b) Upon delivery of the individual, the treatment director of the facility, or his or her designee, shall determine within 24 hours whether the individual shall be detained, or shall be detained, evaluated, diagnosed and treated, if evaluation, diagnosis and treatment are permitted under
sub. (8), and shall either release the individual or detain him or her for a period not to exceed 72 hours after delivery of the individual, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. If the treatment director, or his or her designee, determines that the individual is not eligible for commitment under
s. 51.20 (1) (a), the treatment director shall release the individual immediately, unless otherwise authorized by law. If the individual is detained, the treatment director or his or her designee may supplement in writing the statement filed by the law enforcement officer or other person, and shall designate whether the subject individual is believed to be mentally ill, developmentally disabled or drug dependent, if no designation was made by the law enforcement officer or other person. The director or designee may also include other specific information concerning his or her belief that the individual meets the standard for commitment. The treatment director or designee shall then promptly file the original statement together with any supplemental statement and notification of detention with the court having probate jurisdiction in the county in which the individual was taken into custody. The filing of the statement and notification has the same effect as a petition for commitment under
s. 51.20.
51.15(5)
(5) Detention procedure; other counties. In counties having a population of less than 500,000, the law enforcement officer or other person authorized to take a child into custody under
ch. 48 or to take a juvenile into custody under
ch. 938 shall sign a statement of emergency detention that shall provide detailed specific information concerning the recent overt act, attempt, or threat to act or omission on which the belief under
sub. (1) is based and the names of persons observing or reporting the recent overt act, attempt, or threat to act or omission. The law enforcement officer or other person is not required to designate in the statement whether the subject individual is mentally ill, developmentally disabled, or drug dependent, but shall allege that he or she has cause to believe that the individual evidences one or more of these conditions. The statement of emergency detention shall be filed by the officer or other person with the detention facility at the time of admission, and with the court immediately thereafter. The filing of the statement has the same effect as a petition for commitment under
s. 51.20. When, upon the advice of the treatment staff, the director of a facility specified in
sub. (2) determines that the grounds for detention no longer exist, he or she shall discharge the individual detained under this section. Unless a hearing is held under
s. 51.20 (7) or
55.135, the subject individual may not be detained by the law enforcement officer or other person and the facility for more than a total of 72 hours, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays.
51.15(6)
(6) Release. If the individual is released, the treatment director or his or her designee, upon the individual's request, shall arrange for the individual's transportation to the locality where he or she was taken into custody.
51.15(7)
(7) Intercounty agreements. Counties may enter into contracts whereby one county agrees to conduct commitment hearings for individuals who are detained in that county but who are taken into custody under this section in another county. Such contracts shall include provisions for reimbursement to the county of detention for all reasonable direct and auxiliary costs of commitment proceedings conducted under this section and
s. 51.20 by the county of detention concerning individuals taken into custody in the other county and shall include provisions to cover the cost of any voluntary or involuntary services provided under this chapter to the subject individual as a result of proceedings or conditional suspension of proceedings resulting from the notification of detention. Where there is such a contract binding the county where the individual is taken into custody and the county where the individual is detained, the statements of detention specified in
subs. (4) and
(5) and the notification specified in
sub. (4) shall be filed with the court having probate jurisdiction in the county of detention, unless the subject individual requests that the proceedings be held in the county in which the individual is taken into custody.
51.15(8)
(8) Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment. When an individual is detained under this section, the director and staff of the treatment facility may evaluate, diagnose and treat the individual during detention, if the individual consents. The individual has a right to refuse medication and treatment as provided in
s. 51.61 (1) (g) and
(h). The individual shall be advised of that right by the director of the facility or his or her designee, and a report of any evaluation and diagnosis and of all treatment provided shall be filed by that person with the court.
51.15(9)
(9) Notice of rights. At the time of detention the individual shall be informed by the director of the facility or such person's designee, both orally and in writing, of his or her right to contact an attorney and a member of his or her immediate family, the right to have an attorney provided at public expense, as provided under
s. 51.60, and the right to remain silent and that the individual's statements may be used as a basis for commitment. The individual shall also be provided with a copy of the statement of emergency detention.
51.15(10)
(10) Voluntary patients. If an individual has been admitted to an approved treatment facility under
s. 51.10 or
51.13, or has been otherwise admitted to such facility, the treatment director or his or her designee, if conditions exist for taking the individual into custody under
sub. (1), may sign a statement of emergency detention and may detain, or detain, evaluate, diagnose and treat the individual as provided in this section. In such case, the treatment director shall undertake all responsibilities that are required of a law enforcement officer under this section. The treatment director shall promptly file the statement with the court having probate jurisdiction in the county of detention as provided in this section.
51.15(11)
(11) Liability. Any individual who acts in accordance with this section, including making a determination that an individual has or does not have mental illness or evidences or does not evidence a substantial probability of harm under
sub. (1) (a) 1.,
2.,
3. or
4., is not liable for any actions taken in good faith. The good faith of the actor shall be presumed in any civil action. Whoever asserts that the individual who acts in accordance with this section has not acted in good faith has the burden of proving that assertion by evidence that is clear, satisfactory and convincing.
51.15(11g)
(11g) Other liability. Subsection (11) applies to a director of a facility, as specified in
sub. (2), or his or her designee, who under a court order evaluates, diagnoses or treats an individual who is confined in a jail, if the individual consents to the evaluation, diagnosis or treatment.
51.15(11m)
(11m) Training. Law enforcement agencies shall designate at least one officer authorized to take an individual into custody under this section who shall attend the in-service training on emergency detention and emergency protective placement procedures offered by a county department of community programs under
s. 51.42 (3) (ar) 4. d., if the county department of community programs serving the law enforcement agency's jurisdiction offers an in-service training program.
51.15(12)
(12) Penalty. Whoever signs a statement under
sub. (4),
(5) or
(10) knowing the information contained therein to be false is guilty of a Class H felony.
51.15 History
History: 1975 c. 430;
1977 c. 29,
428;
1979 c. 175,
300,
336,
355;
1985 a. 176;
1987 a. 366,
394;
1989 a. 56 s.
259;
1993 a. 451;
1995 a. 77,
175,
292;
1997 a. 35,
283;
2001 a. 16 ss.
1966d to
1966h,
4034zb to
4034zd,
4041d to
4041g; 2001 a 109;
2005 a. 264;
2007 a. 20;
2009 a. 28.
51.15 Annotation
A mental health worker did not have immunity under sub. (11) for actions regarding a person already in custody and not taken into custody under an emergency detention. Kell v. Raemisch,
190 Wis. 2d 754,
528 N.W.2d 13 (Ct. App. 1994).
51.15 Annotation
The time limits established by this section are triggered when a person taken into custody under this section is transported to any of the facilities designated by sub. (2), irrespective of whether the facility is one specifically chosen by the county for the receipt of persons taken into custody under this section. Milwaukee County v. Delores M.
217 Wis. 2d 69,
577 N.W.2d 371 (Ct. App. 1998),
96-2508.
51.15 Annotation
The community caretaker exception that allows police officers to make a warrantless entry into a home when engaging in an activity that is unrelated to criminal activity and is for the public good applies to police activity undertaken pursuant to this section. State v. Horngren,
2000 WI App 177,
238 Wis. 2d 347,
617 N.W.2d 508,
99-2065.
51.15 Annotation
Sub. (10) is not ambiguous and cannot reasonably be construed to authorize the continued detention of an involuntarily admitted individual based on a treatment director's statement of emergency detention when the individual had not been given the required probable cause hearing. Although sub. (10) refers to "voluntary patients" in its title, "otherwise admitted" in sub. (10) is not restricted to the admission of voluntary patients and encompasses involuntary admissions. Although "otherwise admitted" applies to involuntary patients, it does not necessarily follow that the term includes involuntary patients who have been detained beyond 72 hours without a probable cause hearing under s. 51.20 (7) (a). Dane County v. Stevenson L. J.
2009 WI App 84,
320 Wis. 2d 194,
768 N.W.2d 223,
08-1281.
51.15 Annotation
By granting immunity to any individual acting in accordance with this section, the legislature plainly intended to expand immunity beyond those authorized to take individuals into physical custody. Subsection (11) presumes that a person participating in emergency detention decisions has acted in good faith. This presumption can be defeated only by clear, satisfactory, and convincing evidence to the contrary. Estate of Hammersley v. Wisconsin County Mutual Insurance Corporation,
2012 WI App 44,
340 Wis. 2d 557,
811 N.W.2d 878,
11-0359.
51.15 Annotation
It is inadvisable to treat individuals transported across state lines for emergency medical care differently than other individuals when determining whether emergency detention proceedings should be initiated pursuant to this section.
78 Atty. Gen. 59.
51.15 Annotation
While sub. (7) does not authorize contractual agreements with counties outside of Wisconsin, ss. 51.75 (11), 51.87 (3), and 66.30 (5) [now 66.0303] each contain legal mechanisms through which financial or other responsibility for care and treatment of individuals from such counties may be shared under certain specified circumstances.
78 Atty. Gen. 59.
51.15 Annotation
A law enforcement officer who places an individual under emergency detention is obligated to transport the individual to one of the four categories of facilities listed under sub. (2) until custody of the individual is transferred to the facility.
81 Atty. Gen. 110.
51.20
51.20
Involuntary commitment for treatment. 51.20(1)(a)(a) Except as provided in
pars. (ab),
(am), and
(ar), every written petition for examination shall allege that all of the following apply to the subject individual to be examined:
51.20(1)(a)1.
1. The individual is mentally ill or, except as provided under
subd. 2. e., drug dependent or developmentally disabled and is a proper subject for treatment.
51.20(1)(a)2.
2. The individual is dangerous because he or she does any of the following:
51.20(1)(a)2.a.
a. Evidences a substantial probability of physical harm to himself or herself as manifested by evidence of recent threats of or attempts at suicide or serious bodily harm.
51.20(1)(a)2.b.
b. Evidences a substantial probability of physical harm to other individuals as manifested by evidence of recent homicidal or other violent behavior, or by evidence that others are placed in reasonable fear of violent behavior and serious physical harm to them, as evidenced by a recent overt act, attempt or threat to do serious physical harm. In this
subd. 2. b., if the petition is filed under a court order under
s. 938.30 (5) (c) 1. or
(d) 1., a finding by the court exercising jurisdiction under
chs. 48 and
938 that the juvenile committed the act or acts alleged in the petition under
s. 938.12 or
938.13 (12) may be used to prove that the juvenile exhibited recent homicidal or other violent behavior or committed a recent overt act, attempt or threat to do serious physical harm.
51.20(1)(a)2.c.
c. Evidences such impaired judgment, manifested by evidence of a pattern of recent acts or omissions, that there is a substantial probability of physical impairment or injury to himself or herself. The probability of physical impairment or injury is not substantial under this
subd. 2. c. if reasonable provision for the subject individual's protection is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of these services, if the individual may be provided protective placement or protective services under
ch. 55, or, in the case of a minor, if the individual is appropriate for services or placement under
s. 48.13 (4) or
(11) or
938.13 (4). The subject individual's status as a minor does not automatically establish a substantial probability of physical impairment or injury under this
subd. 2. c. Food, shelter or other care provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of obtaining the care for himself or herself, by a person other than a treatment facility, does not constitute reasonable provision for the subject individual's protection available in the community under this
subd. 2. c.
51.20(1)(a)2.d.
d. Evidences behavior manifested by recent acts or omissions that, due to mental illness, he or she is unable to satisfy basic needs for nourishment, medical care, shelter or safety without prompt and adequate treatment so that a substantial probability exists that death, serious physical injury, serious physical debilitation, or serious physical disease will imminently ensue unless the individual receives prompt and adequate treatment for this mental illness. No substantial probability of harm under this
subd. 2. d. exists if reasonable provision for the individual's treatment and protection is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of these services, if the individual may be provided protective placement or protective services under
ch. 55, or, in the case of a minor, if the individual is appropriate for services or placement under
s. 48.13 (4) or
(11) or
938.13 (4). The individual's status as a minor does not automatically establish a substantial probability of death, serious physical injury, serious physical debilitation or serious disease under this
subd. 2. d. Food, shelter or other care provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of obtaining the care for himself or herself, by any person other than a treatment facility, does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's treatment or protection available in the community under this
subd. 2. d.
51.20(1)(a)2.e.
e. For an individual, other than an individual who is alleged to be drug dependent or developmentally disabled, after the advantages and disadvantages of and alternatives to accepting a particular medication or treatment have been explained to him or her and because of mental illness, evidences either incapability of expressing an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of accepting medication or treatment and the alternatives, or substantial incapability of applying an understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to his or her mental illness in order to make an informed choice as to whether to accept or refuse medication or treatment; and evidences a substantial probability, as demonstrated by both the individual's treatment history and his or her recent acts or omissions, that the individual needs care or treatment to prevent further disability or deterioration and a substantial probability that he or she will, if left untreated, lack services necessary for his or her health or safety and suffer severe mental, emotional, or physical harm that will result in the loss of the individual's ability to function independently in the community or the loss of cognitive or volitional control over his or her thoughts or actions. The probability of suffering severe mental, emotional, or physical harm is not substantial under this
subd. 2. e. if reasonable provision for the individual's care or treatment is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of these services or if the individual may be provided protective placement or protective services under
ch. 55. Food, shelter, or other care that is provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of obtaining food, shelter, or other care for himself or herself by any person other than a treatment facility does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's care or treatment in the community under this
subd. 2. e. The individual's status as a minor does not automatically establish a substantial probability of suffering severe mental, emotional, or physical harm under this
subd. 2. e.
51.20(1)(ab)
(ab) If the individual is an inmate of a prison, jail or other criminal detention facility, the fact that the individual receives food, shelter and other care in that facility may not limit the applicability of
par. (a) to the individual. The food, shelter and other care does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's protection available in the community.
51.20(1)(ad)1.1. If a petition under
par. (a) is based on
par. (a) 2. e., the petition shall be reviewed and approved by the attorney general or by his or her designee prior to the time that it is filed. If the attorney general or his or her designee disapproves or fails to act with respect to the petition, the petition may not be filed.
51.20(1)(ad)2.
2. Subdivision 1. does not apply if the attorney general makes a finding that a court of competent jurisdiction in this state, in a case in which the constitutionality of
par. (a) 2. e. has been challenged, has upheld the constitutionality of
par. (a) 2. e.
51.20(1)(am)
(am) If the individual has been the subject of inpatient treatment for mental illness, developmental disability, or drug dependency immediately prior to commencement of the proceedings as a result of a voluntary admission, a commitment or protective placement ordered by a court under this section or s.
55.06, 2003 stats.,
s. 971.17, or
ch. 975, or a protective placement or protective services ordered under
s. 55.12, or if the individual has been the subject of outpatient treatment for mental illness, developmental disability, or drug dependency immediately prior to commencement of the proceedings as a result of a commitment ordered by a court under this section,
s. 971.17, or
ch. 975, the requirements of a recent overt act, attempt or threat to act under
par. (a) 2. a. or
b., pattern of recent acts or omissions under
par. (a) 2. c. or
e., or recent behavior under
par. (a) 2. d. may be satisfied by a showing that there is a substantial likelihood, based on the subject individual's treatment record, that the individual would be a proper subject for commitment if treatment were withdrawn. If the individual has been admitted voluntarily to an inpatient treatment facility for not more than 30 days prior to the commencement of the proceedings and remains under voluntary admission at the time of commencement, the requirements of a specific recent overt act, attempt or threat to act, or pattern of recent acts or omissions may be satisfied by a showing of an act, attempt or threat to act, or pattern of acts or omissions which took place immediately previous to the voluntary admission. If the individual is committed under
s. 971.14 (2) or
(5) at the time proceedings are commenced, or has been discharged from the commitment immediately prior to the commencement of proceedings, acts, attempts, threats, omissions, or behavior of the subject individual during or subsequent to the time of the offense shall be deemed recent for purposes of
par. (a) 2.
51.20(1)(ar)
(ar) If the individual is an inmate of a state prison, the petition may allege that the inmate is mentally ill, is a proper subject for treatment and is in need of treatment. The petition shall allege that appropriate less restrictive forms of treatment have been attempted with the individual and have been unsuccessful and it shall include a description of the less restrictive forms of treatment that were attempted. The petition shall also allege that the individual has been fully informed about his or her treatment needs, the mental health services available to him or her and his or her rights under this chapter and that the individual has had an opportunity to discuss his or her needs, the services available to him or her and his or her rights with a licensed physician or a licensed psychologist. The petition shall include the inmate's sentence and his or her expected date of release as determined under
s. 302.11 or
302.113, whichever is applicable. The petition shall have attached to it a signed statement by a licensed physician or a licensed psychologist of a state prison and a signed statement by a licensed physician or a licensed psychologist of a state treatment facility attesting either of the following:
51.20(1)(ar)1.
1. That the inmate needs inpatient treatment at a state treatment facility because appropriate treatment is not available in the prison.
51.20(1)(ar)2.
2. That the inmate's treatment needs can be met on an outpatient basis in the prison.
51.20(1)(b)
(b) Each petition for examination shall be signed by 3 adult persons, at least one of whom has personal knowledge of the conduct of the subject individual, except that this requirement does not apply if the petition is filed pursuant to a court order under
s. 938.30 (5) (c) 1. or
(d) 1.
51.20(1)(c)
(c) The petition shall contain the names and mailing addresses of the petitioners and their relation to the subject individual, and shall also contain the names and mailing addresses of the individual's spouse, adult children, parents or guardian, custodian, brothers, sisters, person in the place of a parent and person with whom the individual resides or lives. If this information is unknown to the petitioners or inapplicable, the petition shall so state. The petition may be filed in the court assigned to exercise probate jurisdiction for the county where the subject individual is present or the county of the individual's legal residence. If the judge of the court or a circuit court commissioner who handles probate matters is not available, the petition may be filed and the hearing under
sub. (7) may be held before a judge or circuit court commissioner of any circuit court for the county. For the purposes of this chapter, duties to be performed by a court shall be carried out by the judge of the court or a circuit court commissioner of the court who is designated by the chief judge to so act, in all matters prior to a final hearing under this section. The petition shall contain a clear and concise statement of the facts which constitute probable cause to believe the allegations of the petition. The petition shall be sworn to be true. If a petitioner is not a petitioner having personal knowledge as provided in
par. (b), the petition shall contain a statement providing the basis for his or her belief.
51.20(1m)
(1m) Alternate grounds for commitment. For purposes of
subs. (2) to
(9), the requirement of finding probable cause to believe the allegations in
sub. (1) (a) or
(am) may be satisfied by finding probable cause to believe that the individual satisfies
sub. (1) (a) 1. and evidences such impaired judgment, manifested by evidence of a recent act or omission, that there is a substantial probability of physical impairment or injury to himself or herself. The probability of physical impairment or injury may not be deemed substantial under this subsection if reasonable provision for the individual's protection is available in the community and there is a reasonable probability that the individual will avail himself or herself of the services or if the individual may be provided protective placement or protective services under
ch. 55. The individual's status as a minor does not automatically establish a substantial probability of physical impairment or injury under this subsection. Food, shelter or other care provided to an individual who is substantially incapable of obtaining the care for himself or herself, by any person other than a treatment facility, does not constitute reasonable provision for the individual's protection available in the community under this subsection.
51.20(2)
(2) Notice of hearing and detention. 51.20(2)(a)(a) Upon the filing of a petition for examination, the court shall review the petition to determine whether an order of detention should be issued. The subject individual shall be detained only if there is cause to believe that the individual is mentally ill, drug dependent or developmentally disabled and the individual is eligible for commitment under
sub. (1) (a) or
(am) based upon specific recent overt acts, attempts or threats to act or on a pattern of recent acts or omissions made by the individual.
51.20(2)(b)
(b) If the subject individual is to be detained, a law enforcement officer shall present the subject individual with a notice of hearing, a copy of the petition and detention order and a written statement of the individual's right to an attorney, a jury trial if requested more than 48 hours prior to the final hearing, the standard upon which he or she may be committed under this section and the right to a hearing to determine probable cause for commitment within 72 hours after the individual arrives at the facility, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. The officer shall orally inform the individual that he or she is being taken into custody as the result of a petition and detention order issued under this chapter. If the individual is not to be detained, the law enforcement officer shall serve these documents on the subject individual and shall also orally inform the individual of these rights. The individual who is the subject of the petition, his or her counsel and, if the individual is a minor, his or her parent or guardian, if known, shall receive notice of all proceedings under this section. The court may also designate other persons to receive notices of hearings and rights under this chapter. Any such notice may be given by telephone. The person giving telephone notice shall place in the case file a signed statement of the time notice was given and the person to whom he or she spoke. The notice of time and place of a hearing shall be served personally on the subject of the petition, and his or her attorney, within a reasonable time prior to the hearing to determine probable cause for commitment.
51.20(2)(c)
(c) If the law enforcement officer has a detention order issued by a court, or if the law enforcement officer has cause to believe that the subject individual is mentally ill, drug dependent or developmentally disabled and is eligible for commitment under
sub. (1) (a) or
(am), based upon specific recent overt acts, attempts or threats to act or on a pattern of omissions made by the individual, the law enforcement officer shall take the subject individual into custody. If the individual is detained by a law enforcement officer, the individual shall be orally informed of his or her rights under this section on arrival at the detention facility by the facility staff, who shall also serve all documents required by this section on the individual.
51.20(2)(d)
(d) Placement shall be made in a hospital that is approved by the department as a detention facility or under contract with a county department under
s. 51.42 or
51.437, approved public treatment facility, mental health institute, center for the developmentally disabled under the requirements of
s. 51.06 (3), state treatment facility, or in an approved private treatment facility if the facility agrees to detain the subject individual. Upon arrival at the facility, the individual is considered to be in the custody of the facility.
51.20(3)
(3) Legal counsel. At the time of the filing of the petition the court shall assure that the subject individual is represented by adversary counsel by referring the individual to the state public defender, who shall appoint counsel for the individual without a determination of indigency, as provided in
s. 51.60.
51.20(4)
(4) Public representation. Except as provided in
ss. 51.42 (3) (ar) 1. and
51.437 (4m) (f), the corporation counsel shall represent the interests of the public in the conduct of all proceedings under this chapter, including the drafting of all necessary papers related to the action.
51.20(5)
(5) Hearing requirements. The hearings which are required to be held under this chapter shall conform to the essentials of due process and fair treatment including the right to an open hearing, the right to request a closed hearing, the right to counsel, the right to present and cross-examine witnesses, the right to remain silent and the right to a jury trial if requested under
sub. (11). The parent or guardian of a minor who is the subject of a hearing shall have the right to participate in the hearing and to be represented by counsel. All proceedings under this chapter shall be reported as provided in
SCR 71.01. The court may determine to hold a hearing under this section at the institution at which the individual is detained, whether or not located in the same county as the court with which the petition was filed, unless the individual or his or her attorney objects.
51.20(6)
(6) Juveniles. For minors, the hearings held under this section shall be before the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under
chs. 48 and
938.
51.20(7)(a)(a) After the filing of the petition under
sub. (1), if the subject individual is detained under
s. 51.15 or this section the court shall hold a hearing to determine whether there is probable cause to believe the allegations made under
sub. (1) (a) within 72 hours after the individual arrives at the facility, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays. At the request of the subject individual or his or her counsel the hearing may be postponed, but in no case may the postponement exceed 7 days from the date of detention.
51.20(7)(am)
(am) A subject individual may not be examined, evaluated or treated for a nervous or mental disorder pursuant to a court order under this subsection unless the court first attempts to determine whether the person is an enrollee of a health maintenance organization, limited service health organization or preferred provider plan, as defined in
s. 609.01, and, if so, notifies the organization or plan that the subject individual is in need of examination, evaluation or treatment for a nervous or mental disorder.
51.20(7)(b)
(b) If the subject individual is not detained or is an inmate of a state prison, county jail or house of correction, the court shall hold a hearing within a reasonable time of the filing of the petition, to determine whether there is probable cause to believe the allegations made under
sub. (1).
51.20(7)(c)
(c) If the court determines that there is probable cause to believe the allegations made under
sub. (1), it shall schedule the matter for a hearing within 14 days from the time of detention of the subject individual, except as provided in
sub. (8) (bg) or
(bm) or
(11) (a). If a postponement has been granted under
par. (a), the matter shall be scheduled for hearing within 21 days from the time of detention of the subject individual. If the subject individual is not detained under
s. 51.15 or this section or is an inmate of a state prison, county jail or house of correction, the hearing shall be scheduled within 30 days of the hearing to determine probable cause for commitment. In the event that the subject individual fails to appear for the hearing to determine probable cause for commitment, the court may issue an order for the subject individual's detention and shall hold the hearing to determine probable cause for commitment within 48 hours, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, from the time that the individual is detained.
51.20(7)(d)1.1. If the court determines after hearing that there is probable cause to believe that the subject individual is a fit subject for guardianship and protective placement or services, the court may, without further notice, appoint a temporary guardian for the subject individual and order temporary protective placement or services under
ch. 55 for a period not to exceed 30 days, and shall proceed as if petition had been made for guardianship and protective placement or services. If the court orders only temporary protective services for a subject individual under this paragraph, the individual shall be provided care only on an outpatient basis. The court may order the involuntary administration of psychotropic medication as a temporary protective service under this paragraph if it finds that there is probable cause to believe that the allegations under
s. 55.14 (3) (e) apply, that the individual is not competent to refuse psychotropic medication and that the medication ordered will have therapeutic value and will not unreasonably impair the ability of the individual to prepare for and participate in subsequent legal proceedings. An individual is not competent to refuse psychotropic medication if, because of serious and persistent mental illness, and after the advantages and disadvantages of and alternatives to accepting the particular psychotropic medication have been explained to the individual, one of the following is true:
51.20(7)(d)1.a.
a. The individual is incapable of expressing an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of accepting treatment and the alternatives.
51.20(7)(d)1.b.
b. The individual is substantially incapable of applying an understanding of the advantages, disadvantages and alternatives to his or her serious and persistent mental illness in order to make an informed choice as to whether to accept or refuse psychotropic medication.
51.20(7)(d)2.
2. A finding by the court that there is probable cause to believe that the subject individual meets the commitment standard under
sub. (1) (a) 2. e. constitutes a finding that the individual is not competent to refuse medication or treatment under this paragraph.
51.20(7)(dm)
(dm) The court shall proceed as if a petition were filed under
s. 51.45 (13) if all of the following conditions are met:
51.20(7)(dm)1.
1. The petitioner's counsel notifies all other parties and the court, within a reasonable time prior to the hearing, of his or her intent to request that the court proceed as if a petition were filed under
s. 51.45 (13).
51.20(7)(dm)2.
2. The court determines at the hearing that there is probable cause to believe that the subject individual is a fit subject for treatment under
s. 51.45 (13).
51.20(7)(e)
(e) If the court determines that probable cause does not exist to believe the allegations, or to proceed under
par. (d), the court shall dismiss the proceeding.
51.20(8)
(8) Disposition pending hearing. 51.20(8)(a)(a) If it is shown that there is probable cause to believe the allegations under
sub. (1), the court may release the subject individual pending the full hearing and the individual has the right to receive treatment services, on a voluntary basis, from the county department under
s. 51.42 or
51.437, or from the department. The court may issue an order stating the conditions under which the subject individual may be released from detention pending the final hearing. If acceptance of treatment is made a condition of the release, the subject individual may elect to accept the conditions or choose detention pending the hearing. The court order may state the action to be taken upon information of breach of the conditions. A final hearing must be held within 30 days of the order, if the subject individual is released. Any detention under this paragraph invokes time limitations specified in
sub. (7) (c), beginning with the time of the detention. The right to receive treatment voluntarily or accept treatment as a condition of release under this paragraph does not apply to an individual for whom a probable cause finding has been made, under
s. 51.61 (1) (g), that he or she is not competent to refuse medication, to the extent that the treatment includes medication.
