980.05 Annotation
A parole and probation agent who had been employed full-time in a specialized sex-offender unit for 3 years during which he had supervised hundreds of sex offenders was prepared by both training and experience to assess a sex offender, and was qualified to render an opinion on whether he would reoffend. That the agent did not provide the nexus to any mental disorder did not render his testimony inadmissible. State v. Treadway,
2002 WI App 195, 257 Wis. 2d. 467,
651 N.W.2d 334,
00-2957.
980.05 Annotation
Neither ch. 980 nor ch. 51 grants persons being committed under ch. 980 the right to request confidential proceedings. That ch. 51 hearings are closed while ch. 980 hearings are not does not violate equal protection. State v. Burgess,
2002 WI App 264,
258 Wis. 2d 548,
654 N.W.2d 81,
00-3074. Affirmed.
2003 WI 71,
262 WI 2d 354, 665 NW2d 124. See also Burgess v. Watters,
467 F. 3d 676 (2007).
980.05 Annotation
Article I, section 7 does not prohibit the legislature from enacting statutes requiring that trials be held in certain counties. The legislature could properly provide in sub. (2) that ch. 980 proceedings be held in a county other than the one in which the predicate offense was committed. State v. Tainter,
2002 WI App 296,
259 Wis. 2d 387,
655 N.W.2d 538,
01-2644.
980.05 Annotation
During a commitment proceeding under ch. 980, s. 904.04 (2), relating to other crimes evidence, does not apply to evidence offered to prove that the respondent has a mental disorder that makes it substantially probable that the respondent will commit acts of sexual violence in the future. State v. Franklin,
2004 WI 38,
270 Wis. 2d 271,
677 N.W.2d 276,
00-2426.
980.05 Annotation
No error was found in giving a jury a general verdict form in a ch. 980 hearing when the defendant failed to establish that ch. 980 respondents are routinely deprived of special verdicts and that general verdicts are more likely to result in commitments. State v. Madison,
2004 WI App 46,
271 Wis. 2d 218,
678 N.W.2d 607,
02-3099.
980.05 Annotation
When a defendant seeks to exclude prior statements based upon his or her 5th Amendment privilege, he or she must first establish that the statements at issue are 1) testimonial; 2) compelled; and 3) incriminating. The mere fact that a statement is compelled does not require it to be excluded from a ch. 980 commitment trial. While an individual has a pre-petition or pre-arrest right against self-incrimination, that right is ordinarily not self-executing and must be invoked. State v. Mark,
2006 WI 78,
292 Wis. 2d 1,
718 N.W.2d 90,
03-2068.
980.05 Annotation
Under Mark,
2006 WI 78, the respondent has the same 5th amendment privilege against self-incrimination as does a defendant at a criminal trial.
Kastigar,
406 U.S. 441, articulates the scope of the privilege in terms of the protection at trial when a criminal defendant has given an immunized statement, providing that immunity from the use of compelled testimony, as well as evidence derived directly and indirectly therefrom, affords the protection of the 5th amendment privilege. It prohibits the prosecutorial authorities from using the compelled testimony in any respect, and it therefore insures that the testimony cannot lead to the infliction of criminal penalties on the witness. State v. Harrell,
2008 WI App 37,
308 Wis. 2d 166,
747 N.W.2d 770,
05-2393.
980.05 Annotation
Testimony referring to incidents revealed by the defendants compelled testimony and two experts' opinions that the defendant was much more likely than not to reoffend should have been excluded because that evidence was derived from compelled statements that were testimonial and incriminating. State v. Mark,
2008 WI App 44,
308 Wis. 2d 191,
747 N.W.2d 727,
07-0522.
980.05 Annotation
A person against whom a ch. 980 petition has been filed is not entitled to a competency evaluation under s. 971.14. Although the result of a successful ch. 980 petition is confinement, the confinement is for treatment not punishment and there is no criminal-law-based due-process right to a competency hearing in a ch. 980 proceeding. State v. Luttrell,
2008 WI App 93,
312 Wis. 2d 695,
754 N.W.2d 249,
07-1840.
980.05 Annotation
Section 904.04 (2) does not apply in ch. 980 commitment proceedings. The Franklin court discerned an unambiguous legislative intent to restrict the application of s. 904.04 (2) to analyzing evidence used to prove past acts. The substantial probability of future conduct is the relevant question in ch. 980 proceedings. The nature of ch. 980 hearings demands the jury consider evidence that would normally be barred in a traditional criminal trial. Although Franklin did not discuss the due process implications of its decision, the inapplicability of s. 904.04 (2) is consistent with the demands of due process under both the United States and Wisconsin constitutions. State v. Kaminski,
2009 WI App 175,
322 Wis. 2d 653,
777 N.W.2d 654,
08-2439.
980.06
980.06
Commitment. If a court or jury determines that the person who is the subject of a petition under
s. 980.02 is a sexually violent person, the court shall order the person to be committed to the custody of the department for control, care and treatment until such time as the person is no longer a sexually violent person. A commitment order under this section shall specify that the person be placed in institutional care.
980.06 Annotation
In the event that there is a failure to develop an appropriate treatment program, the remedy is to obtain appropriate treatment and not supervised release. State v. Seibert,
220 Wis. 2d 308,
582 N.W.2d 745 (Ct. App. 1998),
97-2554.
980.06 Annotation
Chapter 980 and s. 51.61 provide the statutory basis for a court to issue an involuntary medication order for individuals who suffer from a chronic mental illness and are committed under ch. 980. State v. Anthony D.B.
2000 WI 94,
237 Wis. 2d 1,
614 N.W.2d 435,
98-0576.
980.06 Annotation
The incremental infringement by s. 980.06 on the liberty interests of those who have a sexually-violent, predatory past and are currently suffering from a mental disorder that makes them dangerous sexual predators does not violate constitutional guarantees of due process. State v. Ransdell,
2001 WI App 202,
247 Wis. 2d 613,
634 N.W.2d 871,
00-2224.
980.06 Annotation
Although ch. 51 is more "lenient" with those who are subject to its provisions than is ch. 980, the significant differences between the degree of danger posed by each of the two classes of persons subject to commitment under the two chapters, as well as the differences in what must be proven in order to commit under each, does not result in a violation of equal protection. State v. Williams,
2001 WI App 263,
249 Wis. 2d 1,
637 N.W.2d 791,
00-2899.
980.06 Annotation
Chapter 980, as amended, is not a punitive criminal statute. Because whether a statute is punitive is a threshold question for both double jeopardy and ex post facto analysis, neither of those clauses is violated by ch. 980. State v. Rachel,
2002 WI 81,
254 Wis. 2d 215,
646 N.W.2d 375,
00-0467.
980.06 Annotation
The mere limitation of a committed person's access to supervised release does not impose a restraint to the point that it violates due process. As amended, ch. 980 serves the legitimate and compelling state interests of providing treatment to, and protecting the public from, the dangerously mentally ill. The statute is narrowly tailored to meet those interests, and, as such, it does not violate substantive due process. State v. Rachel,
2002 WI 81,
254 Wis. 2d 215,
646 N.W.2d 375,
00-0467.
980.06 Annotation
Commitment under ch. 980 does not require a separate factual finding that an individual's mental disorder involves serious difficulty for the person in controlling his or her behavior. Proof that the person's mental disorder predisposes the individual to engage in acts of sexual violence and establishes a substantial probability that the person will again commit those acts necessarily and implicitly includes proof that the person's mental disorder involves serious difficulty in controlling his or her behavior. State v. Laxton,
2002 WI 82,
254 Wis. 2d 185,
647 N.W.2d 784,
99-3164.
980.06 Annotation
Chapter 980 does not preclude finding that a person with a sexually-related mental disorder has difficulty in controlling his or her behavior even if that person is able to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law. State v. Burgess,
2002 WI App 264,
258 Wis. 2d 548,
654 N.W.2d 81,
00-3074. Affirmed.
2003 WI 71,
262 WI 2d 354, 665 NW2d 354.
980.06 Annotation
Chapter 980 does not require the dismissal of a pending commitment petition when the individual subject to the petition is incarcerated because of the revocation of either parole or extended supervision. This section requires the circuit court to order the person to be committed to the custody of DHS for control, care, and treatment, but ch. 980 does not specify when that commitment must commence. While this section sets forth the requirements for a proper commitment order, neither that section nor any other section of ch. 980 contains language stating when the individual requirements of that order must be satisfied. State v. Gilbert,
2012 WI 72,
342 Wis. 2d 82,
816 N.W.2d 215,
10-0594.
980.06 Annotation
Chapter 980 does not require dismissal of a pending commitment petition when the person who is the subject of the petition is incarcerated because of a new sentence or a parole/extended supervision revocation. The wide discretion given to the trial court regarding the timing of the probable cause hearing together with the evident recognition that the subject of the petition might be incarcerated during the commitment proceedings compels the conclusion that the legislature did not intend for commitment proceedings to stop because the person subject to the petition is returned to department of corrections custody. State v. Gilbert,
2011 WI App 61,
333 Wis. 2d 157,
798 N.W.2d 889,
10-0594.
980.06 Annotation
The use of polygraph tests as part of a sex offender treatment program does not violate due process. Wilson v. Watters,
348 F. Supp. 2d 1031 (2004).
980.06 Annotation
To the extent that plaintiffs are uncontrollably violent and pose a danger to others, the state is entitled to hold them in segregation for that reason alone. Preserving the safety of the staff and other detainees takes precedence over medical goals. West v. Schwebke,
333 F.3d 745 (2003).
980.063
980.063
Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis requirements. 980.063(1)(a)(a) If a person is found to be a sexually violent person under this chapter, the court shall require the person to provide a biological specimen to the state crime laboratories for deoxyribonucleic acid analysis.
980.063(1)(b)
(b) The results from deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of a specimen under
par. (a) may be used only as authorized under
s. 165.77 (3). The state crime laboratories shall destroy any such specimen in accordance with
s. 165.77 (3).
980.063(2)
(2) The department of justice shall promulgate rules providing for procedures for defendants to provide specimens under
sub. (1) and for the transportation of those specimens to the state crime laboratories for analysis under
s. 165.77.
980.063 History
History: 1995 a. 440.
980.065
980.065
Institutional care for sexually violent persons. 980.065(1m)(1m) The department shall place a person committed under
s. 980.06 at the secure mental health facility established under
s. 46.055, the Wisconsin resource center established under
s. 46.056 or a secure mental health unit or facility provided by the department of corrections under
sub. (2).
980.065(1r)
(1r) Notwithstanding
sub. (1m), the department may place a female person committed under
s. 980.06 at Mendota Mental Health Institute, Winnebago Mental Health Institute, or a privately operated residential facility under contract with the department of health services.
980.065(2)
(2) The department may contract with the department of corrections for the provision of a secure mental health unit or facility for persons committed under
s. 980.06. The department shall operate a secure mental health unit or facility provided by the department of corrections under this subsection and shall promulgate rules governing the custody and discipline of persons placed by the department in the secure mental health unit or facility provided by the department of corrections under this subsection.
980.065 Annotation
Chapter 980 does not require dismissal of a pending commitment petition when the person who is the subject of the petition is incarcerated because of a new sentence or a parole/extended supervision revocation. The wide discretion given to the trial court regarding the timing of the probable cause hearing together with the evident recognition that the subject of the petition might be incarcerated during the commitment proceedings compels the conclusion that the legislature did not intend for commitment proceedings to stop because the person subject to the petition is returned to department of corrections custody. State v. Gilbert,
2011 WI App 61,
333 Wis. 2d 157,
798 N.W.2d 889,
10-0594.
980.065 Annotation
Nothing in the U.S. Constitution prevents state officials from temporarily detaining a civil committee in conditions normally reserved for inmates so that he or she may attend court proceedings concerning his commitment. Thiel v. State,
399 F. Supp. 929 (2005).
980.067
980.067
Activities off grounds. The superintendent of the facility at which a person is placed under
s. 980.065 may allow the person to leave the grounds of the facility under escort. The department of health services shall promulgate rules for the administration of this section.
980.067 History
History: 2001 a. 16;
2007 a. 20 s.
9121 (6) (a).
980.067 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
DHS 95.10, Wis. adm. code.
980.07
980.07
Periodic reexamination and treatment progress; report from the department. 980.07(1)
(1) If a person is committed under
s. 980.06 and has not been discharged under
s. 980.09 (4), the department shall appoint an examiner to conduct a reexamination of the person's mental condition within 12 months after the date of the initial commitment order under
s. 980.06 and again thereafter at least once each 12 months to determine whether the person has made sufficient progress for the court to consider whether the person should be placed on supervised release or discharged. The examiner shall apply the criteria under
s. 980.08 (4) (cg) when considering if the person should be placed on supervised release and shall apply the criteria under
s. 980.09 (3) when considering if the person should be discharged. At the time of a reexamination under this section, the person who has been committed may retain or have the court appoint an examiner as provided under
s. 980.031 (3). The county shall pay the costs of an examiner appointed by the court as provided under
s. 51.20 (18) (a).
980.07(2)
(2) Any examiner conducting a reexamination under
sub. (1) shall prepare a written report of the reexamination no later than 30 days after the date of the reexamination. The examiner shall provide a copy of the report to the department.
980.07(3)
(3) Notwithstanding
sub. (1), the court that committed a person under
s. 980.06 may order a reexamination of the person at any time during the period in which the person is subject to the commitment order. Any reexamination ordered under this subsection shall conform to
sub. (1).
980.07(4)
(4) At any reexamination under
sub. (1), the treating professional shall prepare a treatment progress report. The treating professional shall provide a copy of the treatment progress report to the department. The treatment progress report shall consider all of the following:
980.07(4)(a)
(a) The specific factors associated with the person's risk for committing another sexually violent offense.
980.07(4)(b)
(b) Whether the person has made significant progress in treatment or has refused treatment.
980.07(4)(d)
(d) Any specialized needs or conditions associated with the person that must be considered in future treatment planning.
980.07(5)
(5) Any examiners under
sub. (1) and treating professionals under
sub. (4) shall have reasonable access to the person for purposes of reexamination, to the person's past and present treatment records, as defined in
s. 51.30 (1) (b), and to the person's patient health care records, as provided under
s. 146.82 (2) (c).
980.07(6)
(6) The department shall submit an annual report comprised of the reexamination report under
sub. (1) and the treatment progress report under
sub. (4) to the court that committed the person under
s. 980.06. A copy of the annual report shall be placed in the person's treatment records. The department shall provide a copy of the annual report to the person committed under
s. 980.06, the department of justice, and the district attorney, if applicable. The court shall provide a copy of the annual report to the person's attorney as soon as he or she is retained or appointed.
980.07(6m)
(6m) If a person committed under
s. 980.06 is incarcerated at a county jail, state correctional institution, or federal correction institution for a new criminal charge or conviction or because his or her parole was revoked, any reporting requirement under
sub. (1),
(4), or
(6) does not apply during the incarceration period. A court may order a reexamination of the person under
sub. (3) if the courts finds reexamination to be necessary. The schedule for reporting established under
sub. (1) shall resume upon the release of the person.
980.07 Annotation
The 6-month period under sub. (1) for the 1st reexamination does not begin to run until the court conducts the dispositional hearing and issues an initial commitment order under s. 980.06 (2). State v. Marberry,
231 Wis. 2d 581,
605 N.W.2d 612 (Ct. App. 1999),
98-2883.
980.07 Annotation
As part of an annual review, an involuntary medication order must be reviewed following the same procedure used to obtain the initial order. State v. Anthony D.B.
2000 WI 94,
237 Wis. 2d 1,
614 N.W.2d 435,
98-0576.
980.07 Annotation
The Supreme Court's decision to uphold the commitment in Laxton in light of the jury instructions in the case was not diametrically different or opposite in character or nature from any clearly established federal law. Laxton v. Bartow,
421 F.3d 565 (2005).
980.07 Annotation
The 14th amendment due process guarantee was violated by a delay of over 22 months between the first annual periodic examination report was provided to the circuit court under s. 980.07 and the circuit court's probable cause hearing under s. 980.09 (2) (a) to determine if facts warranted a hearing on whether the committee was still a sexually violent person. Discharge is not an appropriate remedy for a sexually violent person who is dangerous because he or she suffers from a mental disorder that makes it likely that he or she will engage in acts of sexual violence. Appropriate remedies are motions for mandamus or equitable relief, but because a ch. 980 committee may encounter considerable obstacles to pursuing these remedies, DHFS, the Department of Justice, the bar, and the circuit courts must bear substantial responsibility for ensuring prompt judicial review of annual periodic examination reports. State v. Beyer,
2006 WI 2,
287 Wis. 2d 1,
707 N.W.2d 509,
04-1208.
980.07 Annotation
A rule in a supervised release plan requiring the petitioner to "abide by all rules of any detention, treatment or correctional facility in which [the petitioner] may be confined" was not impermissible. While the rule did not give DHS the power to detain the petitioner in prison solely for a rules violation, it did require him to abide by all rules of the prison should he find himself detained there for other reasons. State v. Thiel,
2012 WI App 48,
340 Wis. 2d 654,
813 N.W.2d 709,
11-0933.
980.075
980.075
Patient petition process. 980.075(1)
(1) When the department submits its report to the court under
s. 980.07 (6), the person who has been committed under
s. 980.06 may retain or have the court appoint an attorney as provided in
s. 980.03 (2) (a).
980.075(1m)(a)(a) When the department provides a copy of the report under
s. 980.07 (6) to the person who has been committed under
s. 980.06, the department shall provide to the person a standardized petition form for supervised release under
s. 980.08 and a standardized petition form for discharge under
s. 980.09.
980.075(1m)(b)
(b) The department shall, after consulting with the department of justice and the state public defender, develop the standardized petition forms required under
par. (a).
980.075(2)(a)(a) Within 30 days after the department submits its report to the court under
s. 980.07 (6), the person who has been committed under
s. 980.06 or his or her attorney may submit one of the completed forms provided under
sub. (1m) to the court to initiate either a petition for supervised release or a petition for discharge.
980.075(2)(b)
(b) If no completed petition is filed in a timely manner under
par. (a), the person who has been committed under
s. 980.06 will remain committed and the person's placement at a facility described under
s. 980.065 or the person's supervised release status under
s. 980.08 remains in effect without review by the court.
980.075(3)
(3) If the person files a petition for discharge under
s. 980.09 without counsel, the court shall serve a copy of the petition and any supporting documents on the district attorney or department of justice, whichever is applicable. If the person petitions for discharge under
s. 980.09 through counsel, his or her attorney shall serve the district attorney or department of justice, whichever is applicable.
980.075(4)(a)(a) The petitioner may use experts or professional persons to support his or her petition.
980.075(4)(b)
(b) The district attorney or the department of justice may use experts or professional persons to support or oppose any petition.
980.075(5)
(5) Subject to
s. 980.03 (2) (a), before proceeding under
s. 980.08 or
980.09 but as soon as circumstances permit, the court shall refer the matter to the authority for indigency determinations under
s. 977.07 (1) and appointment of counsel under
s. 977.05 (4) (j) if the person is not represented by counsel.
980.075(6)
(6) At any time before a hearing under
s. 980.08 or
980.09, the department may file a supplemental report if the department determines that court should have additional information.
980.075 History
History: 2005 a. 434.
980.08
980.08
Supervised release; procedures, implementation, revocation. 980.08(1)(1) Any person who is committed under
s. 980.06 may petition the committing court to modify its order by authorizing supervised release if at least 12 months have elapsed since the initial commitment order was entered or at least 12 months have elapsed since the most recent release petition was denied or the most recent order for supervised release was revoked. The director of the facility at which the person is placed may file a petition under this subsection on the person's behalf at any time.
980.08(2)
(2) If the person files a timely petition without counsel, the court shall serve a copy of the petition on the district attorney or department of justice, whichever is applicable and, subject to
s. 980.03 (2) (a), refer the matter to the authority for indigency determinations under
s. 977.07 (1) and appointment of counsel under
s. 977.05 (4) (j). If the person petitions through counsel, his or her attorney shall serve the district attorney or department of justice, whichever is applicable.
980.08(3)
(3) Within 20 days after receipt of the petition, the court shall appoint one or more examiners having the specialized knowledge determined by the court to be appropriate, who shall examine the person and furnish a written report of the examination to the court within 30 days after appointment. The examiners shall have reasonable access to the person for purposes of examination and to the person's past and present treatment records, as defined in
s. 51.30 (1) (b), and patient health care records, as provided under
s. 146.82 (2) (c). If any such examiner believes that the person is appropriate for supervised release under the criteria specified in
sub. (4) (cg), the examiner shall report on the type of treatment and services that the person may need while in the community on supervised release. The county shall pay the costs of an examiner appointed under this subsection as provided under
s. 51.20 (18) (a).
980.08(4)(a)(a) The court, without a jury, shall hear the petition within 30 days after the report of the court-appointed examiner is filed with the court, unless the court for good cause extends this time limit. Expenses of proceedings under this subsection shall be paid as provided under
s. 51.20 (18) (b),
(c), and
(d).
980.08(4)(c)
(c) In making a decision under
par. (cg), the court may consider, without limitation because of enumeration, the nature and circumstances of the behavior that was the basis of the allegation in the petition under
s. 980.02 (2) (a), the person's mental history and present mental condition, where the person will live, how the person will support himself or herself, and what arrangements are available to ensure that the person has access to and will participate in necessary treatment, including pharmacological treatment using an antiandrogen or the chemical equivalent of an antiandrogen if the person is a serious child sex offender. A decision under
par. (cg) on a petition filed by a person who is a serious child sex offender may not be made based on the fact that the person is a proper subject for pharmacological treatment using an antiandrogen or the chemical equivalent of an antiandrogen or on the fact that the person is willing to participate in pharmacological treatment using an antiandrogen or the chemical equivalent of an antiandrogen.
980.08(4)(cg)
(cg) The court may not authorize supervised release unless, based on all of the reports, trial records, and evidence presented, the court finds that all of the following criteria are met:
980.08(4)(cg)1.
1. The person has made significant progress in treatment and the person's progress can be sustained while on supervised release.
980.08(4)(cg)2.
2. It is substantially probable that the person will not engage in an act of sexual violence while on supervised release.
980.08(4)(cg)3.
3. Treatment that meets the person's needs and a qualified provider of the treatment are reasonably available.
980.08(4)(cg)4.
4. The person can be reasonably expected to comply with his or her treatment requirements and with all of his or her conditions or rules of supervised release that are imposed by the court or by the department.
980.08(4)(cg)5.
5. A reasonable level of resources can provide for the level of residential placement, supervision, and ongoing treatment needs that are required for the safe management of the person while on supervised release.
