447.25(1)(b)
(b) A written agreement between the director or officer and the dental society.
447.25(1)(d)
(d) A resolution, after notice, adopted by a majority vote of members who are entitled to vote.
447.25(2)
(2) Regardless of the existence of an additional right under
sub. (1), the dental society may not indemnify a director or officer, or permit a director or officer to retain any allowance of expenses unless it is determined by or on behalf of the dental society that the director or officer did not breach or fail to perform a duty he or she owes to the dental society which constitutes conduct under
s. 447.17 (2) (a) 1.,
2.,
3. or
4. A director or officer who is a party to the same or related proceeding for which indemnification or an allowance of expenses is sought may not participate in a determination under this subsection.
447.25(3)
(3) Sections 447.15 to
447.31 do not affect a dental society's power to pay or reimburse expenses incurred by a director or officer in any of the following circumstances:
447.25(3)(a)
(a) As a witness in a proceeding to which he or she is not a party.
447.25(3)(b)
(b) As a plaintiff or petitioner in a proceeding because he or she is or was an employee, agent, director or officer of the dental society.
447.25 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.27
447.27
Court-ordered indemnification. 447.27(1)
(1) Except as provided otherwise by written agreement between the director or officer and the dental society, a director or officer who is a party to a proceeding may apply for indemnification to the court conducting the proceeding or to another court of competent jurisdiction. Application shall be made for an initial determination by the court under
s. 447.19 (5) or for review by the court of an adverse determination under
s. 447.19 (1),
(2),
(3),
(4) or
(6). After receipt of an application, the court shall give any notice it considers necessary.
447.27(2)
(2) The court shall order indemnification if it determines any of the following:
447.27(2)(a)
(a) That the director or officer is entitled to indemnification under
s. 447.17 (1) or
(2). If the court also determines that the dental society unreasonably refused the director's or officer's request for indemnification, the court shall order the dental society to pay the director's or officer's reasonable expenses incurred to obtain the court-ordered indemnification.
447.27(2)(b)
(b) That the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, regardless of whether indemnification is required under
s. 447.17 (2).
447.27 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.29
447.29
Indemnification and allowance of expenses of employees and agents. A dental society may indemnify and allow reasonable expenses of an employee or agent who is not a director or officer to the extent provided by the articles, constitution or bylaws, by general or specific action of the board of directors or by contract.
447.29 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.31
447.31
Insurance. A dental society may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of an individual who is an employee, agent, director or officer of the dental society against liability asserted against and incurred by the individual in his or her capacity as an employee, agent, director or officer, or arising from his or her status as an employee, agent, director or officer, regardless of whether the dental society is required or authorized to indemnify or allow expenses to the individual against the same liability under
ss. 447.17,
447.21,
447.25 and
447.29.
447.31 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.34
447.34
Reliance by directors or officers. Unless the director or officer has knowledge that makes reliance unwarranted, a director or officer of a county or district dental society organized or continued under
s. 447.12 may, in discharging his or her duties to the dental society, rely on information, opinions, reports or statements, any of which may be written or oral, formal or informal, including financial statements and other financial data, if prepared or presented by any of the following:
447.34(1)
(1) An officer or employee of the dental society whom the director or officer believes in good faith to be reliable and competent in the matters presented.
447.34(2)
(2) Legal counsel, certified public accountants licensed under
ch. 442, or other persons as to matters the director or officer believes in good faith are within the person's professional or expert competence.
447.34(3)
(3) In the case of reliance by a director, a committee of the board of directors of which the director is not a member if the director believes in good faith that the committee merits confidence.
447.34 History
History: 1987 a. 13;
2001 a. 16.
447.36
447.36
Consideration of interests in addition to members' interests. In discharging his or her duties to a county or district dental society organized or continued under
s. 447.12 and in determining what he or she believes to be in the best interests of the dental society, a director or officer may, in addition to considering the effects of any action on members, consider the following:
447.36(1)
(1) The effects of the action on employees, suppliers and customers of the dental society.
447.36(2)
(2) The effects of the action on communities in which the dental society operates.
447.36(3)
(3) Any other factors the director or officer considers pertinent.
447.36 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.38
447.38
Limited liability of directors and officers. 447.38(1)(1) Except as provided in
subs. (2) and
(3), a director or officer of a county or district dental society organized or continued under
s. 447.12 is not liable to the dental society, its members or creditors, or any person asserting rights on behalf of the dental society, its members or creditors, or any other person, for damages, settlements, fees, fines, penalties or other monetary liabilities arising from a breach of, or failure to perform, any duty resulting solely from his or her status as a director or officer, unless the person asserting liability proves that the breach or failure to perform constitutes any of the following:
447.38(1)(a)
(a) A willful failure to deal fairly with the dental society or its members in connection with a matter in which the director or officer has a material conflict of interest.
447.38(1)(b)
(b) A violation of criminal law, unless the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was lawful or no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.
447.38(1)(c)
(c) A transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal profit.
447.38(2)
(2) Except as provided in
sub. (3), this section does not apply to any of the following:
447.38(2)(a)
(a) A civil or criminal proceeding brought by or on behalf of any governmental unit, authority or agency.
447.38(2)(b)
(b) A proceeding brought by any person for a violation of state or federal law where the proceeding is brought pursuant to an express private right of action created by state or federal statute.
447.38(3)
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a proceeding brought by a governmental unit, authority or agency in its capacity as a private party or contractor.
447.38 History
History: 1987 a. 13.
447.38 Annotation
Cooperative indemnification. La Rowe and Weine. WBB Sept. 1988.
447.40
447.40
Informed consent. Any dentist who treats a patient shall inform the patient about the availability of reasonable alternate modes of treatment and about the benefits and risks of these treatments. The reasonable dentist standard is the standard for informing a patient under this section. The reasonable dentist standard requires disclosure only of information that a reasonable dentist would know and disclose under the circumstances. The dentist's duty to inform the patient under this section does not require disclosure of any of the following:
447.40(1)
(1) Detailed technical information that in all probability a patient would not understand.
447.40(2)
(2) Risks apparent or known to the patient.
447.40(3)
(3) Extremely remote possibilities that might falsely or detrimentally alarm the patient.
447.40(4)
(4) Information in emergencies where failure to provide treatment would be more harmful to the patient than treatment.
447.40(5)
(5) Information in cases where the patient is incapable of consenting.
447.40(6)
(6) Information about alternate modes of treatment for any condition the dentist has not included in his or her diagnosis at the time the dentist informs the patient.
447.40 History
History: 2013 a. 345.
