183.1022(1)
(1) A foreign limited liability company may appeal the department's revocation of its certificate of registration under
s. 183.1020 (1) to the circuit court for the county where the foreign limited liability company's principal office or, if none in this state, its registered office is located, within 30 days after notice of revocation takes effect under
s. 183.1021 (2r). The foreign limited liability company shall appeal by petitioning the court to set aside the revocation and attaching to the petition copies of its certificate of registration and the department's notice of revocation.
183.1022(2)
(2) The court may order the department to reinstate the certificate of registration or may take any other action that the court considers appropriate.
183.1022(3)
(3) The court's final decision may be appealed as in other civil proceedings.
183.1022 History
History: 1995 a. 27;
2001 a. 44.
SUITS BY AND AGAINST A LIMITED
LIABILITY COMPANY
183.1101
183.1101
Authority to sue on behalf of limited liability company. 183.1101(1)(1) Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, an action on behalf of a limited liability company may be brought in the name of the limited liability company by one or more members of the limited liability company, whether or not the management of the limited liability company is vested in one or more managers, if the members are authorized to sue by the affirmative vote as described in
s. 183.0404 (1) (a), except that the vote of any member who has an interest in the outcome of the action that is adverse to the interest of the limited liability company shall be excluded.
183.1101(2)
(2) In an action brought on behalf of a limited liability company, the member bringing the action shall be a member at the time of bringing the action and at the time of the transaction which is the subject of the action or the person's status as a member devolved upon that person by operation of law or under the terms of an operating agreement from a person who was a member at the time of the transaction.
183.1101(3)
(3) In an action brought on behalf of a limited liability company, the complaint shall describe with particularity the authorization of the member to bring the action and the determination of the authorization.
183.1101(4)
(4) If an action brought on behalf of a limited liability company is successful, in whole or in part, as a result of a judgment, compromise or settlement of the action, the court may award the member bringing the action reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorney fees, from any recovery in the action or from the limited liability company.
183.1101 History
History: 1993 a. 112;
1995 a. 400.
183.1101 Annotation
This section does not require a formal vote or written consent. It requires the complaint to “describe with particularity the authorization of the member to bring this action." Carhart-Halaska International v. Carhart, Inc.
920 F. Supp. 2d 971 (2013).
183.1102
183.1102
Effect of lack of authority to sue. The lack of authority of a member to sue on behalf of a limited liability company may not be asserted by the limited liability company as a basis for bringing a subsequent suit on the same cause of action.
183.1102 History
History: 1993 a. 112;
1995 a. 400.
MERGER; CONVERSION
183.1200
183.1200
Definitions. In this subchapter:
183.1200(1)
(1) “Business entity" means a domestic business entity and a foreign business entity.
183.1200(3)
(3) “Foreign business entity" means a foreign limited liability company, a foreign partnership, as defined in
s. 178.0102 (6), a foreign limited partnership, as defined in
s. 179.01 (4), a foreign corporation, as defined in
s. 180.0103 (9), or a foreign corporation, as defined in
s. 181.0103 (13).
183.1200 History
History: 2001 a. 44;
2015 a. 295.
183.1201(1)(1) Unless the context requires otherwise, in this subchapter, “limited liability company" includes a domestic limited liability company and a foreign limited liability company.
183.1201(2)
(2) Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, one or more limited liability companies may merge with or into one or more other business entities if the merger is permitted under the applicable laws of the jurisdiction that governs each such other business entity and each business entity approves the plan of merger in the manner required by the laws applicable to the business entity.
183.1201(3)
(3) Interests in a limited liability company that is a party to a merger may be exchanged for or converted into cash, property, shares, obligations of or interests in the surviving business entity, or of any other business entity.
183.1201 History
History: 1993 a. 112;
2001 a. 44.
183.1202(1)
(1) Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement and except as provided in
s. 180.11045 (2), a limited liability company that is a party to a proposed merger shall approve the plan of merger by an affirmative vote of members as described in
s. 183.0404 (1) (a). Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement or waived by the members, a limited liability company may obtain the approving vote of its members only after providing the members with not less than 10 nor more than 50 days' written notice of its intent to merge accompanied by the plan of merger.
183.1202(2)
(2) Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, the manager or managers of a limited liability company may not approve a merger without also obtaining the approval of the limited liability company's members under
sub. (1).
183.1202(3)
(3) Each business entity, other than a domestic limited liability company, that is a party to a proposed merger shall approve the merger in the manner required by the laws applicable to the business entity.
183.1202(4)
(4) Each business entity that is a party to the merger shall have any rights to abandon the merger that are provided for in the plan of merger or in the laws applicable to the business entity.
183.1202(5)
(5) Upon approval of a merger, the limited liability company shall notify each member of the approval and of the effective date of the merger.
183.1202(6)
(6) After a merger is authorized, and at any time before the articles of merger are filed with the department, the planned merger may be abandoned, subject to any contractual rights, without further action on the part of the shareholders or other owners, in accordance with the procedure set forth in the plan of merger or, if none is set forth, in the manner determined by the governing body of any business entity that is a party to the merger.
183.1203
183.1203
Plan of merger. The plan of merger shall include all of the following:
183.1203(1)
(1) The name, form of business entity, and identity of the jurisdiction governing each business entity that is a party to the merger and the name, form of business entity, and identity of the jurisdiction of the surviving business entity with, or into, which each other business entity proposes to merge.
183.1203(2)
(2) The terms and conditions of the proposed merger.
183.1203(3)
(3) The manner and basis of converting the interests in each business entity that is a party to the merger into shares, interests, obligations, or other securities of the surviving business entity or any other business entity or into cash or other property in whole or in part.
183.1203(4)
(4) Amendments to the articles of organization or other similar governing document of the surviving business entity.
183.1203(5)
(5) Other necessary or desirable provisions relating to the proposed merger.
183.1204(1)
(1) The surviving business entity shall deliver to the department articles of merger that include all of the following:
183.1204(1)(b)
(b) The effective date and time of the merger, if the merger is to take effect at a time other than the close of business on the date of filing the articles of merger under
s. 183.0111.
183.1204(1)(c)
(c) A statement that the plan was approved by each domestic limited liability company that is a party to the merger in accordance with
s. 183.1202, and by each other business entity that is a party to the merger in the manner required by the laws applicable to the business entity.
183.1204(1)(e)
(e) Other provisions relating to the merger, as determined by the surviving business entity.
183.1204(2)
(2) A merger takes effect upon the effective date of the articles of merger.
183.1205
183.1205
Effects of merger. A merger has the following effects:
183.1205(1)
(1) Every other business entity that is a party to the merger merges into the surviving business entity, and the separate existence of every business entity, except the surviving business entity, ceases.
183.1205(1m)(a)(a) If, under the laws applicable to a business entity that is a party to the merger, one or more of the owners thereof is liable for the debts and obligations of such business entity, such owner or owners shall continue to be liable for the debts and obligations of the business entity, but only for such debts and obligations accrued during the period or periods in which such laws are applicable to such owner or owners.
183.1205(1m)(b)
(b) If, under the laws applicable to the surviving business entity, one or more of the owners thereof is liable for the debts and obligations of such business entity, the owner or owners of a business entity that is party to the merger, other than the surviving business entity, who become subject to such laws shall be liable for the debts and obligations of the surviving business entity to the extent provided in such laws, but only for such debts and obligations accrued after the merger. The owner or owners of the surviving business entity prior to the merger shall continue to be liable for the debts and obligations of the surviving business entity to the extent provided in
par. (a).
183.1205(2)
(2) The title to all property owned by each business entity that is a party to the merger is vested in the surviving business entity without reversion or impairment.
183.1205(3)
(3) The surviving business entity has all liabilities of each business entity that is party to the merger.
183.1205(4)
(4) A civil, criminal, administrative, or investigatory proceeding pending by or against any business entity that is a party to the merger may be continued as if the merger did not occur, or the surviving business entity may be substituted in the proceeding for the business entity whose existence ceased.
183.1205(5)
(5) The articles of organization, certificate of limited partnership, or other similar governing document, whichever is applicable, of the surviving business entity shall be amended to the extent provided in the plan of merger.
183.1205(6)
(6) The shares or other interests of each business entity that is party to the merger that are to be converted into shares, interests, obligations, or other securities of the surviving business entity or any other business entity or into cash or other property are converted, and the former holders of the shares or interests are entitled only to the rights provided in the articles of merger or to their rights under the laws applicable to each business entity that is a party to the merger.
183.1205(7)
(7) If the surviving business entity is a foreign business entity, the department is the agent of the surviving foreign business entity for service of process in a proceeding to enforce any obligation of any business entity that is a party to the merger or the rights of the dissenting members or other owners of each business entity that is a party to the merger.
183.1205(8)
(8) When a merger takes effect, any surviving foreign business entity of the merger shall promptly pay to the dissenting shareholders of each domestic corporation or dissenting owners of each other domestic business entity that is a party to the merger the amount, if any, to which they are entitled under
ss. 180.1301 to
180.1331 or under any law applicable to the other domestic business entity.
183.1206
183.1206
Right to object. Unless otherwise provided in an operating agreement, upon receipt of the notice required by
s. 183.1202 (5), a member of a limited liability company who did not vote in favor of the merger may, within 20 days after the date of the notice, voluntarily dissociate from the limited liability company under
s. 183.0802 (3) and receive fair value for the member's limited liability company interest under
s. 183.0604. The rights afforded to shareholders, partners, or other owners of other business entities shall be as required or provided by the laws applicable to the other business entities.
183.1206 History
History: 1993 a. 112;
2001 a. 44.
183.1207(1)(a)(a) A domestic limited liability company may convert to another form of business entity if it satisfies the requirements under this section and if the conversion is permitted under the applicable law of the jurisdiction that governs the organization of the business entity into which the domestic limited liability company is converting.
183.1207(1)(b)
(b) In addition to satisfying any applicable legal requirements of the jurisdiction that governs the organization of the business entity into which the domestic limited liability company is converting and that relate to the submission and approval of a plan of conversion, the domestic limited liability company shall comply with the procedures that govern a plan of merger under
s. 183.1202 for the submission and approval of a plan of conversion.
183.1207(2)(a)(a) A business entity other than a domestic limited liability company may convert to a domestic limited liability company if it satisfies the requirements under this section and if the conversion is permitted under the applicable law of the jurisdiction that governs the business entity.
183.1207(2)(b)
(b) A business entity converting into a domestic limited liability company shall comply with the procedures that govern the submission and approval of a plan of conversion of the jurisdiction that governs the business entity.
183.1207(3)
(3) A plan of conversion shall set forth all of the following:
183.1207(3)(a)
(a) The name, form of business entity, and the identity of the jurisdiction governing the business entity that is to be converted.
183.1207(3)(b)
(b) The name, form of business entity, and the identity of the jurisdiction that will govern the business entity after conversion.
183.1207(3)(d)
(d) The manner and basis of converting the shares or other ownership interests of the business entity that is to be converted into the shares or other ownership interests of the new form of business entity.
183.1207(3)(e)
(e) The effective date and time of the conversion, if the conversion is to be effective other than at the close of business on the date of filing the certificate of conversion, as provided under
s. 183.0111.
183.1207(3)(f)
(f) A copy of the articles of incorporation, article of organization, certificate of limited partnership or other governing document of the business entity after conversion.
183.1207(3)(g)
(g) Other provisions relating to the conversion, as determined by the business entity.
183.1207(4)
(4) When a conversion is effective, all of the following shall occur:
183.1207(4)(a)1.1. Except with respect to taxation laws of each jurisdiction that are applicable upon the conversion of the business entity, the business entity that was converted is no longer subject to the applicable law of the jurisdiction that governed the organization of the prior form of business entity and is subject to the applicable law of the jurisdiction that governs the new form of business entity.
183.1207(4)(a)2.
2. If the conversion is from or to a business entity under the laws applicable to which one or more of the owners thereof is liable for the debts and obligations of such business entity, such owner or owners shall continue to be or become so liable for debts and obligations of such business entity, but only for such debts and obligations accrued during the period or periods in which such laws are applicable to such owner or owners. This subdivision does not affect liability under any taxation laws.
183.1207(4)(b)
(b) The business entity continues to have all liabilities of the business entity that was converted.
183.1207(4)(c)
(c) The business entity continues to be vested with title to all property owned by the business entity that was converted without reversion or impairment.
183.1207(4)(d)
(d) The articles of incorporation, articles of organization, certificate of limited partnership, or other similar governing document, whichever is applicable, of the business entity are as provided in the plan of conversion.
183.1207(4)(e)
(e) All other provisions of the plan of conversion apply.
183.1207(5)
(5) After a plan of conversion is submitted and approved, the business entity that is to be converted shall deliver to the department for filing a certificate of conversion that includes all of the following:
