244.02(6)
(6) “Good faith" means honesty in fact.
244.02(7)
(7) “Incapacity" means inability of an individual to manage property, finances, or business affairs because the individual meets one of the following criteria:
244.02(7)(a)
(a) Has an impairment in the ability to receive and evaluate information or make or communicate decisions even with the use of technological assistance.
244.02(7)(c)
(c) Is detained, including incarceration in a correctional facility.
244.02(7)(d)
(d) Is outside the United States and unable to return.
244.02(8)
(8) “Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.
244.02(9)
(9) “Power of attorney" means a writing or other record that grants authority to an agent to act in the place of the principal, whether or not the term power of attorney is used.
244.02(10)
(10) “Presently exercisable general power of appointment," with respect to property or a property interest subject to a power of appointment, means power exercisable at the time in question to vest absolute ownership in the principal individually, the principal's estate, the principal's creditors, or the creditors of the principal's estate. The term does not include a power exercisable in a fiduciary capacity or only by will. The term includes a power of appointment that is exercisable only when one of the following circumstances exists:
244.02(10)(c)
(c) The passage of a specified period only after the occurrence of the specified event, the satisfaction of the ascertainable standard, or the passage of the specified period.
244.02(11)
(11) “Principal" means an individual who grants authority to an agent in a power of attorney.
244.02(12)
(12) “Property" means anything that may be the subject of ownership, including real or personal property, digital property, as defined in
s. 711.03 (10), or any interest or right in that property.
244.02(13)
(13) “Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.
244.02(14)
(14) “Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, any of the following:
244.02(14)(b)
(b) To attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic sound, symbol, or process.
244.02(15)
(15) “Stocks and bonds" means stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and all other types of securities and financial instruments, whether held directly, indirectly, or in any other manner. The term does not include commodity futures contracts and call or put options on stocks or stock indexes.
244.02 History
History: 2009 a. 319;
2015 a. 300.
244.03
244.03
Applicability. This chapter applies to all powers of attorney except for the following:
244.03(1)
(1) A power to the extent it is coupled with an interest in the subject of the power, including a power given to or for the benefit of a creditor in connection with a credit transaction.
244.03(2)
(2) A power to make health-care decisions.
244.03(3)
(3) A proxy or other delegation to exercise voting rights or management rights with respect to an entity.
244.03(4)
(4) A power created on a form prescribed by a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality for a governmental purpose.
244.03 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.03 Annotation
Offering Clarity and Guidance: New Uniform Power of Attorney for Finances and Property. Collins, Hatch & Wilcox. Wis. Law. June 2010.
244.04
244.04
Power of attorney is durable. A power of attorney created under this chapter is durable unless it expressly provides that it is terminated by the incapacity of the principal.
244.04 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.05
244.05
Execution of power of attorney. To execute a power of attorney the principal must sign the power of attorney or another individual, in the principal's conscious presence and directed by the principal, must sign the principal's name on the power of attorney. A signature of the principal on a power of attorney is presumed to be genuine if the principal makes an acknowledgment of the power of attorney before a notarial officer authorized under
s. 706.07 to take acknowledgments.
244.05 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.06
244.06
Validity of power of attorney. 244.06(1)
(1) A power of attorney executed in this state on or after September 1, 2010, is valid if its execution complies with
s. 244.05.
244.06(2)
(2) A power of attorney executed in this state before September 1, 2010, is valid if its execution complied with the law of this state as it existed at the time of execution.
244.06(3)
(3) A power of attorney executed outside this state is valid in this state if, when the power of attorney was executed, the execution complied with one of the following:
244.06(3)(a)
(a) The law of the jurisdiction that determines the meaning and effect of the power of attorney, as provided under
s. 244.07.
244.06(4)
(4) A photocopy or electronically transmitted copy of an original power of attorney has the same effect as the original.
244.06 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.07
244.07
Meaning and effect of power of attorney. 244.07(1)(1) The meaning and effect of a power of attorney is determined by the law of the jurisdiction indicated in the power of attorney and, in the absence of an indication of jurisdiction in the power of attorney, by the law of the jurisdiction in which the power of attorney was executed.
244.07(2)
(2) Unless specifically stated, a power of attorney does not authorize gifting, self-dealing, or oral amendment of the power of attorney, and any such specific authority shall be strictly construed.
244.07 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.08
244.08
Nomination of guardian; relation of agent to court-appointed fiduciary. 244.08(1)
(1) In a power of attorney, a principal may nominate a guardian of the principal's estate or guardian of the principal's person for consideration by the court if protective proceedings for the principal's estate or person are begun after the principal executes the power of attorney.
244.08(2)
(2) If, after a principal executes a power of attorney, a court appoints a conservator or guardian of the principal's estate or other fiduciary charged with the management of some or all of the principal's property, the agent is accountable to the fiduciary as well as to the principal. The power of attorney is not terminated and the agent's authority continues unless limited, suspended, or terminated by the court.
244.08 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.09
244.09
When a power of attorney is effective. 244.09(1)
(1) A power of attorney is effective when executed unless the principal provides in the power of attorney that it becomes effective at a future date or upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency.
244.09(2)
(2) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the occurrence of a future event or contingency, the principal, in the power of attorney, may authorize one or more persons to determine that the event or contingency has occurred.
244.09(3)
(3) If a power of attorney becomes effective upon the principal's incapacity and the principal has not authorized a person to determine whether the principal is incapacitated, or the person so authorized is unable or unwilling to make the determination, the power of attorney becomes effective upon a determination in a writing or other record by one of the following:
244.09(3)(a)
(a) A physician licensed under
ch. 448 or a psychologist licensed under
ch. 455 that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of
s. 244.02 (7) (a).
244.09(3)(b)
(b) An attorney at law, a judge, or an appropriate governmental official that the principal is incapacitated within the meaning of
s. 244.02 (7) (b),
(c), or
(d).
244.09(3)(c)
(c) A person authorized by the principal in the power of attorney to determine that the principal is incapacitated may act as the principal's personal representative under
42 USC 1320d, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, and applicable regulations, to obtain access to the principal's health-care information and communicate with the principal's health care provider.
244.09 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.10
244.10
Termination of power of attorney or agent's authority. 244.10(1)(1) A power of attorney terminates when any of the following occurs:
244.10(1)(b)
(b) The principal becomes incapacitated, if the power of attorney so provides.
244.10(1)(c)
(c) The principal revokes the power of attorney.
244.10(1)(d)
(d) The power of attorney provides that it terminates.
244.10(1)(e)
(e) The purpose of the power of attorney is accomplished.
244.10(1)(f)
(f) The principal revokes the agent's authority or the agent dies, becomes incapacitated, or resigns, and the power of attorney does not provide for another agent to act under the power of attorney.
244.10(2)
(2) An agent's authority terminates when any of the following occurs:
244.10(2)(b)
(b) The agent dies, becomes incapacitated, or resigns.
244.10(2)(c)
(c) An action is filed for the dissolution or annulment of the agent's marriage to the principal or their legal separation, unless the power of attorney otherwise provides.
244.10(2)(e)
(e) The domestic partnership of the principal and agent under
ch. 770 is terminated unless the power of attorney otherwise provides.
244.10(3)
(3) Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, an agent's authority is exercisable until the authority terminates under
sub. (2), notwithstanding a lapse of time since the execution of the power of attorney.
244.10(4)
(4) Termination of an agent's authority or of a power of attorney is not effective as to the agent or another person that, without actual knowledge of the termination, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest.
244.10(5)
(5) Incapacity of the principal of a power of attorney that is not durable does not revoke or terminate the power of attorney as to an agent or other person that, without actual knowledge of the incapacity, acts in good faith under the power of attorney. An act so performed, unless otherwise invalid or unenforceable, binds the principal and the principal's successors in interest.
244.10(6)
(6) The execution of a power of attorney does not revoke a power of attorney previously executed by the principal unless the subsequent power of attorney provides that the previous power of attorney is revoked or that all other powers of attorney are revoked.
244.10 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.11
244.11
Coagents and successor agents. 244.11(1)
(1) A principal may designate in a power of attorney 2 or more persons to act as coagents. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, each coagent may exercise its authority independently.
244.11(2)
(2) A principal may designate in a power of attorney one or more successor agents to act if an agent resigns, dies, becomes incapacitated, is not qualified to serve, or declines to serve. A principal may grant authority to designate one or more successor agents to an agent or other person designated by name, office, or function. Unless the power of attorney otherwise provides, a successor agent is subject to all of the following:
244.11(2)(a)
(a) Has the same authority as that granted to the original agent.
244.11(2)(b)
(b) May not act until all predecessor agents have resigned, died, become incapacitated, are no longer qualified to serve, or have declined to serve.
244.11(3)
(3) Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney and
sub. (4), an agent who does not participate in or conceal a breach of fiduciary duty committed by another agent, including a predecessor agent, is not liable for the actions of the other agent.
244.11(4)
(4) An agent who has actual knowledge of a breach or imminent breach of fiduciary duty by another agent shall notify the principal and, if the principal is incapacitated, take any other action reasonably appropriate in the circumstances to safeguard the principal's best interest. An agent who fails to take action as required by this subsection is liable for the reasonably foreseeable damages that could have been avoided if the agent had notified the principal or taken other action.
244.11 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.12
244.12
Reimbursement and compensation of agent. Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, an agent is entitled to reimbursement of any expenses reasonably incurred on behalf of the principal and to compensation that is reasonable under the circumstances.
244.12 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.13
244.13
Agent's acceptance. Except as otherwise provided in the power of attorney, a person accepts appointment as an agent under a power of attorney by exercising authority or performing duties as an agent or by any other assertion or conduct indicating acceptance.
244.13 History
History: 2009 a. 319.
244.14(1)(1) Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary in the power of attorney, an agent who has accepted appointment shall do all of the following:
244.14(1)(a)
(a) Act in accordance with the principal's reasonable expectations to the extent actually known by the agent and, if those expectations are not known, in the principal's best interest.
