881.01(4)(a)(a)
General rule. A fiduciary shall diversify investments unless the fiduciary reasonably determines that because of special circumstances the purposes of the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship are better served without diversifying.
881.01(4)(b)
(b)
Special rule for assets collected by a fiduciary. 881.01(4)(b)1.1. For purposes of this paragraph, an “asset that is collected by the fiduciary" means an asset that the fiduciary did not exercise discretion over to acquire or purchase.
881.01(4)(b)2.
2. Notwithstanding
par. (a), a fiduciary may retain an asset that is collected by the fiduciary until the fiduciary reasonably determines that it is advisable to dispose of the asset. While the asset is being retained, the fiduciary has a duty to exercise discretion at reasonable intervals to determine the advisability of continuing to retain or disposing of the asset that was collected.
881.01(4)(b)3.
3. At any time while an asset that is collected by the fiduciary is being retained, a beneficiary may file an application with a court that has jurisdiction over the fiduciary to compel the fiduciary to sell the asset and invest the sale proceeds in accordance with this section.
881.01(4)(b)4.
4. If a beneficiary files an application under
subd. 3., the court shall conduct a hearing after giving notice to all interested persons, as determined by the court. After the hearing, the court shall enter an order directing the fiduciary to retain or sell the asset that is being retained based on what the court finds to be in accordance with the terms and purposes of the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship of the estate and the interests of the beneficiaries.
881.01(5)
(5) Duties at inception. Within a reasonable time after accepting a fiduciary appointment or receiving assets, a fiduciary shall review the assets and make and implement decisions concerning the retention and disposition of assets, in order to bring the portfolio into compliance with the purposes, terms, distribution requirements, and other circumstances of the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship and with the requirements of this section.
881.01(6)
(6) Loyalty. A fiduciary shall invest and manage the assets solely in the interest of the beneficiaries.
881.01(7)
(7) Impartiality. If an estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship has 2 or more beneficiaries, the fiduciary shall act impartially in investing and managing the assets, taking into account the differences between the interests of the beneficiaries.
881.01(8)
(8) Investment costs. In investing and managing assets, a fiduciary may incur only costs that are appropriate and reasonable in relation to the assets, the purposes of the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship, and the skills of the fiduciary.
881.01(9)
(9) Reviewing compliance. Compliance with the prudent investor rule is determined in light of the facts and circumstances existing at the time of a fiduciary's decision or action and not by hindsight.
881.01(10)
(10) Delegation of investment and management functions. 881.01(10)(a)(a) A fiduciary may delegate investment and management functions that a prudent fiduciary of similar skills could properly delegate under the circumstances. The fiduciary shall exercise reasonable care, skill, and caution in all of the following:
881.01(10)(a)2.
2. Establishing the scope and terms of the delegation, consistent with the purposes and terms of the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship.
881.01(10)(a)3.
3. Periodically reviewing the agent's actions to monitor the agent's performance and compliance with the terms of the delegation.
881.01(10)(b)
(b) In performing a delegated function, an agent owes a duty to the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship to exercise reasonable care to comply with the terms of the delegation.
881.01(10)(c)
(c) A fiduciary who complies with the requirements of
par. (a) is not liable to the beneficiaries or to the estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship for the decisions or actions of the agent to whom a function was delegated.
881.01(10)(d)
(d) By accepting the delegation of a function from the fiduciary of an estate, trust, conservatorship, or guardianship that is subject to the law of this state, an agent submits to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state.
881.01(11)
(11) Phrases invoking standard of this section. The following phrases or similar phrases in a will, trust, or court order, unless otherwise limited or modified, authorize any investment or strategy permitted under this section: “investments permissible by law for investment of trust funds"; “legal investments"; “authorized investments"; “using the judgment and care under the circumstances then prevailing that persons of prudence, discretion, and intelligence exercise in the management of their own affairs, not in regard to speculation but in regard to the permanent disposition of their funds, considering the probable income as well as the probable safety of their capital"; “prudent man rule"; “prudent trustee rule"; “prudent person rule"; and “prudent investor rule."
881.01(12)
(12) Application to existing estates, trusts, conservatorships, and guardianships. This section applies to estates, trusts, conservatorships, and guardianships of the estate existing on, or created on or after, April 30, 2004. As applied to estates, trusts, conservatorships, and guardianships of the estate existing on April 30, 2004, this section governs only decisions or actions occurring after that date.
881.01(13)
(13) Uniformity of application and construction. This section shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this section among the states that have enacted this uniform legislation.
881.01 Annotation
An administrator's duty to manage an estate as a prudent person ordinarily includes a duty to reasonably invest estate funds not needed for claims or expenses. A court properly imposed a surcharge against an administrator who breached the duty by allowing estate funds to lie idle in noninterest bearing checking accounts. Estate of Kugler,
117 Wis. 2d 314,
344 N.W.2d 160 (1984).
881.015
881.015
Investment companies, investment trusts and collective investment vehicles. 881.015(1)(a)
(a) “Collective investment vehicle" means an investment vehicle authorized for the collective investment of trust funds, including vehicles under
12 CFR 9.
881.015(2)
(2) In addition to other investments authorized by law for the investment of funds held by a fiduciary, or by the instrument governing the fiduciary relationship, a bank or trust company acting as a fiduciary, agent or otherwise may, in the exercise of its investment discretion or at the direction of another person authorized to direct investment of funds held by the bank or trust company as fiduciary, invest and reinvest in the securities of, or other interests in, an investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle, so long as the portfolio of the investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle consists of investments not prohibited by the governing instrument. In the absence of an express provision to the contrary, when a governing instrument directs or requires investment in obligations of the U.S. government or an agency of the U.S. government, a bank, trust company, trust department trustee or other fiduciary may invest in these obligations either directly or in the form of securities of, or other interests in, an investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle, if the portfolio of the investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle consists of obligations of the U.S. government or an agency of the U.S. government and repurchase agreements fully collateralized by these obligations.
881.015(3)
(3) If the requirements of this subsection are met, a bank or trust company may invest or reinvest funds under
sub. (2) in the securities of, or other interests in, an investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle, notwithstanding the fact that the bank or trust company or an affiliate of the bank or trust company provides services to the investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle such as those of an investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, broker, registrar, paying agent, sponsor, distributor, administrator, manager or otherwise and receives compensation for those services. In order to invest or reinvest funds under
sub. (2) in the securities of, or other interests in, the investment company, investment trust or collective investment vehicle for which the bank, trust company or affiliate provides services, the bank, trust company or affiliate shall disclose in writing the basis upon which any compensation for such services is calculated, whether expressed as a percentage of asset value or otherwise. The disclosure shall be made by prospectus, account statement or otherwise and shall be delivered, at least annually, to all persons to whom statements of account for the invested or reinvested funds are provided.
881.015 History
History: 1995 a. 273.
881.016
881.016
Employees and agents of a fiduciary. Unless prohibited by the terms of the instrument governing a fiduciary relationship, a fiduciary may employ attorneys, accountants, investment advisers, agents or other persons, even if they are associated with the fiduciary, to advise or assist the fiduciary in the performance of the fiduciary's duties. The fiduciary may act without independent investigation upon their recommendations or, instead of acting directly, employ one or more agents to perform any act of administration, whether or not discretionary. If the terms of the governing instrument do not address the authority of the fiduciary to delegate the fiduciary's duties, all of the following apply:
881.016(1)
(1) The fiduciary may delegate some, but not all, of the fiduciary's duties to an agent.
881.016(2)
(2) The employment of an agent by the fiduciary does not relieve the fiduciary of liability for acts of the agent that, if done by the fiduciary, would result in the liability of the fiduciary.
881.016(3)
(3) The employment of an agent by a fiduciary does not relieve the fiduciary of the fiduciary's duty to use reasonable care in selecting and retaining the agent.
881.016 History
History: 1995 a. 273.
881.02
881.02
Construction; court orders; written instruments. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as authorizing any departure from, or variation of, the express terms or limitations set forth in any will, agreement, court order, or other instrument creating or defining the fiduciary's duties and powers.
881.02 History
History: 1971 c. 41 ss.
8,
12; Stats. 1971 s. 881.02;
1995 a. 273;
2003 a. 264.
881.03
881.03
Jurisdiction of court. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to affect the power or jurisdiction of any court of the state of Wisconsin in respect to trusts and trustees, nor as restricting the power of a court of proper jurisdiction to permit a fiduciary to deviate from the terms of any will, agreement or other instrument relating to the acquisition, investment, reinvestment, exchange, retention, sale or management of fiduciary property.
881.03 History
History: 1971 c. 41 s.
8; Stats. 1971 s. 881.03.
881.04
881.04
Investments under prior laws not affected. Nothing contained in this chapter shall affect any investment made prior to the enactment hereof or any amendment hereof or affect any rights or interests established, accrued or created thereunder or affect any suit or action pending when this chapter or any amendment hereof becomes effective.
881.04 History
History: 1971 c. 41 s.
8; Stats. 1971 s. 881.04.
881.06
881.06
Law governing existing instruments. Subject to
s. 881.01 (12), this chapter shall govern fiduciaries, including personal representatives, guardians of the estate, conservators, and trustees acting under wills, agreements, court orders, and other instruments now existing or hereafter made.
881.06 History
History: 1971 c. 41 s.
8; Stats. 1971 s. 881.06;
1975 c. 200;
2003 a. 264.
