995.12(5)(d)
(d)
Unlawful sale and distribution. It shall be unlawful for a person to sell or distribute cigarettes or acquire, hold, own, possess, transport, import, or cause to be imported cigarettes that the person knows or should know are intended for distribution or sale in the state in violation of sub.
(2) (c). Section
139.44 (7), as it applies to violations under subchs.
II and
III of ch. 139, applies to a violation of this paragraph.
995.12(5)(e)
(e)
Unfair and deceptive trade practice. A person who violates sub.
(2) (c) engages in an unfair and deceptive trade practice in violation of s.
100.20.
995.12(6)
(6) Notice and review of determination. A determination of the attorney general to not include or to remove from the directory under sub.
(2) (b) a brand family or tobacco product manufacturer shall be subject to review in the manner prescribed under ch.
227.
995.12(7)
(7) Applicants for licenses. No person shall be issued a license or granted a renewal of a license to act as a distributor unless that person has certified in writing that the person will comply fully with this section.
995.12(8)
(8) Dates. For the year 2003, the first report of distributors required by sub.
(4) (a) shall be due 30 calendar days after November 27, 2003; the certifications by a tobacco product manufacturer described in sub.
(2) (a) shall be due 45 calendar days after that date; and the directory described in sub.
(2) (b) shall be published or made available within 90 calendar days after that date.
995.12(9)
(9) Promulgation of rules. The attorney general may promulgate rules necessary to effect the purposes of this section.
995.12(10)
(10) Recovery of costs and fees by attorney general. In any action brought by the state to enforce this section, including an action under sub.
(5) (c) the state shall be entitled to recover the costs of investigation and prosecution expert witness fees, court costs, and reasonable attorney fees.
995.12(11)
(11) Transfer of profits for violations. If a court determines that a person has violated this section, the court shall order any profits, gain, gross receipts, or other benefit from the violation to be transferred and paid to the state. Unless otherwise expressly provided, the remedies or penalties provided by this section are cumulative.
995.12(12)
(12) Construction. If a court finds that the provisions of this section and of s.
995.10 conflict and cannot be harmonized, then the provisions of s.
995.10 shall control. If any part of this section causes s.
995.10 to no longer constitute a qualifying or model statute, as those terms are defined in the master settlement agreement, then that portion of this section is not valid.
995.12 History
History: 2003 a. 73;
2005 a. 155 s.
32; Stats. 2005 s. 995.12;
2007 a. 156.
995.12 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also ch.
Jus 16, Wis. adm. code.
995.20
995.20
Legal holidays. January 1, the 3rd Monday in January (which shall be the day of celebration for January 15), the 3rd Monday in February (which shall be the day of celebration for February 12 and 22), the last Monday in May (which shall be the day of celebration for May 30), June 19, which shall be the day of observation for Juneteenth Day, July 4, the 1st Monday in September which shall be known as Labor day, the 2nd Monday in October, November 11, the 4th Thursday in November (which shall be the day of celebration for Thanksgiving), December 25, the day of holding the partisan primary election, and the day of holding the general election in November are legal holidays. On Good Friday the period from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. shall uniformly be observed for the purpose of worship. In every 1st class city the day of holding any municipal election is a legal holiday, and in every such city the afternoon of each day upon which a primary election is held for the nomination of candidates for city offices is a half holiday and in counties having a population of 750,000 or more the county board may by ordinance provide that all county employees shall have a half holiday on the day of such primary election and a holiday on the day of such municipal election, and that employees whose duties require that they work on such days be given equivalent time off on other days. Whenever any legal holiday falls on Sunday, the succeeding Monday shall be the legal holiday.
995.20 History
History: 1971 c. 226;
1973 c. 140,
333;
1977 c. 187 s.
96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.17;
1983 a. 7;
1983 a. 192 s.
257; Stats. 1983 s. 895.20;
2005 a. 155 s.
33; Stats. 2005 s. 995.20;
2009 a. 91;
2011 a. 75;
2015 a. 198;
2017 a. 207 s.
5.
995.22
995.22
Wisconsin family month, week and Sunday. The month of November, in which the celebration of Thanksgiving occurs, is designated as Wisconsin Family Month, the first 7 days of that month are designated as Wisconsin Family Week and the first Sunday of that month is designated as Family Sunday. In conjunction therewith, appropriate observances, ceremonies, exercises and activities may be held under state auspices to focus attention on the principles of family responsibility to spouses, children and parents, as well as on the importance of the stability of marriage and the home for our future well-being; and the chief officials of local governments and the people of the state are invited either to join and participate therein or to conduct like observances in their respective localities.
995.22 History
History: 1973 c. 333;
1977 c. 187 s.
96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.171;
1983 a. 192 s.
258; Stats. 1983 s. 895.22;
1987 a. 27;
2005 a. 155 s.
34; Stats. 2005 s. 995.22.
995.225
995.225
Fire Prevention Week. 995.225(1)(1)
The week in October during which October 9 falls is designated Fire Prevention Week and the Saturday at the end of Fire Prevention Week is designated Wisconsin Firefighters Memorial Day. In conjunction with the week, appropriate observances, ceremonies, exercises, and activities may be held under state auspices to do all of the following:
995.225(1)(a)
(a) Commemorate 2 of the most devastating fires in U.S. history, both of which started on October 8, 1871, the Peshtigo fire and the Chicago fire.
995.225(1)(b)
(b) Study fire safety tips to help avoid home fires.
995.225(1)(c)
(c) Recognize that well-trained, dedicated, and well-equipped fire departments are important to all of the residents of this state.
995.225(1)(d)
(d) Recognize that thousands of state firefighters, both full-time and volunteer, dedicate themselves to protecting lives and property.
995.225(1)(e)
(e) Express the gratitude of the residents of this state for the valuable contributions that firefighters have made to the other residents of this state.
995.225(1)(f)
(f) Honor those contributions and memorialize the firefighters of this state who have died while performing their duties.
995.225(2)
(2) The chief officials of local governments and the people of the state are invited either to join and participate in the observances, ceremonies, exercises, and activities under sub.
(1) that may be held under state auspices or to conduct similar observances in their respective localities.
995.225 History
History: 2003 a. 56,
320;
2005 a. 155 s.
35; Stats. 2005 s. 995.225;
2011 a. 185.
995.23
995.23
Indian Rights Day. July 4 is designated as “Indian Rights Day," and in conjunction with the celebration of Independence Day, appropriate exercises or celebrations may be held in commemoration of the granting by congress of home rule and a bill of rights to the American Indians. When July 4 falls on Sunday, exercises or celebrations of Indian Rights Day may be held on either the third or the fifth.
995.23 History
History: 1977 c. 187 s.
96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.175;
1983 a. 192 s.
259; Stats. 1983 s. 895.23;
2005 a. 155 s.
36; Stats. 2005 s. 995.23.
995.24
995.24
William D. Hoard Day. October 10 is designated as William D. Hoard Day. Appropriate exercises and celebrations may be held on that day, William D. Hoard's birthday, to honor him and remember him as the 16th governor of Wisconsin and the leading promoter of the dairy industry through his weekly magazine, Hoard's Dairyman.
995.24 History
History: 2009 a. 327;
2011 a. 260 s.
81.
995.30
995.30
Ronald W. Reagan Day. February 6 is designated as Ronald W. Reagan Day. Appropriate exercises and celebrations may be held on that day, his birthday, to honor him and remember him as the 40th President of the United States and a promoter of freedom and democracy throughout the world.
995.30 History
History: 2011 a. 32.
995.50
995.50
Right of privacy. 995.50(1)(1)
The right of privacy is recognized in this state. One whose privacy is unreasonably invaded is entitled to the following relief:
995.50(1)(a)
(a) Equitable relief to prevent and restrain such invasion, excluding prior restraint against constitutionally protected communication privately and through the public media;
995.50(1)(b)
(b) Compensatory damages based either on plaintiff's loss or defendant's unjust enrichment; and
995.50(2)(am)(am) In this section, “invasion of privacy" means any of the following:
995.50(2)(am)1.
1. Intrusion upon the privacy of another of a nature highly offensive to a reasonable person, except as provided under par.
(bm), in a place that a reasonable person would consider private, or in a manner that is actionable for trespass.
995.50(2)(am)2.
2. The use, for advertising purposes or for purposes of trade, of the name, portrait or picture of any living person, without having first obtained the written consent of the person or, if the person is a minor, of his or her parent or guardian.
995.50(2)(am)3.
3. Publicity given to a matter concerning the private life of another, of a kind highly offensive to a reasonable person, if the defendant has acted either unreasonably or recklessly as to whether there was a legitimate public interest in the matter involved, or with actual knowledge that none existed. It is not an invasion of privacy to communicate any information available to the public as a matter of public record.
995.50(2)(am)4.
4. Conduct that is prohibited under s.
942.09, regardless of whether there has been a criminal action related to the conduct, and regardless of the outcome of the criminal action, if there has been a criminal action related to the conduct.
995.50(2)(bm)
(bm) “Invasion of privacy” does not include the use of a surveillance device under s.
995.60.
995.50(3)
(3) The right of privacy recognized in this section shall be interpreted in accordance with the developing common law of privacy, including defenses of absolute and qualified privilege, with due regard for maintaining freedom of communication, privately and through the public media.
995.50(4)
(4) Compensatory damages are not limited to damages for pecuniary loss, but shall not be presumed in the absence of proof.
995.50(6)(a)(a) If judgment is entered in favor of the defendant in an action for invasion of privacy, the court shall determine if the action was frivolous. If the court determines that the action was frivolous, it shall award the defendant reasonable fees and costs relating to the defense of the action.
995.50(6)(b)
(b) In order to find an action for invasion of privacy to be frivolous under par.
(a), the court must find either of the following:
995.50(6)(b)1.
1. The action was commenced in bad faith or for harassment purposes.
995.50(6)(b)2.
2. The action was devoid of arguable basis in law or equity.
995.50(7)
(7) No action for invasion of privacy may be maintained under this section if the claim is based on an act which is permissible under ss.
196.63 or
968.27 to
968.373.
995.50 Annotation
Commercial misappropriation of a person's name is prohibited by Wisconsin common law. Hirsch v. S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.,
90 Wis. 2d 379,
280 N.W.2d 129 (1979).
995.50 Annotation
Oral communication among numerous employees and jail inmates is sufficient to constitute publicity under sub. (2) (c) [now sub. (2) (am) 3.]. The plain meaning of “a place" in sub. (2) (a) [now sub. (2) (am) 1.] is geographical and does not include a file of medical records. Hillman v. Columbia County,
164 Wis. 2d 376,
474 N.W.2d 913 (Ct. App. 1991).
995.50 Annotation
Disclosure of private information to one person or to a small group does not, as a matter of law in all cases, fail to satisfy the publicity element of an invasion of privacy claim. Whether a disclosure satisfies the publicity element of an invasion of privacy claim depends upon the particular facts of the case and the nature of plaintiff's relationship to the audience who received the information. Pachowitz v. LeDoux,
2003 WI App 120,
265 Wis. 2d 631,
666 N.W.2d 88,
02-2100.
995.50 Annotation
An action for invasion of privacy requires: 1) a public disclosure of facts regarding the plaintiff; 2) the facts disclosed were private; 3) the private matter is one that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person of ordinary sensibilities; and 4) the party disclosing the facts acted either unreasonably or recklessly as to whether there was a legitimate public interest in the matter or with actual knowledge that none existed. In order to find public disclosure, the matter must be regarded as substantially certain to become one of public knowledge. Olson v. Red Cedar Clinic,
2004 WI App 102,
273 Wis. 2d 728,
681 N.W.2d 306,
03-2198.
995.50 Annotation
The recording of sounds emanating from a neighbor's home using a common recording device that was placed inside the defendant's own window was not an intrusion of a nature highly offensive to a reasonable person in violation of sub. (2) (a) [now sub. (2) (am) 1.]. Poston v. Burns,
2010 WI App 73,
325 Wis. 2d 404,
784 N.W.2d 717,
09-0463.
995.50 Annotation
Sub. (2) (a) [now sub. (2) (am) 1.] has a spatial basis—the invasion of privacy must occur in a place that a reasonable person would consider private or in a manner which is actionable for trespass. In this case, the only action that was allegedly taken by the defendant was the distribution of fliers containing information that was already available to the public. That the information may have inspired others to make phone calls, honk horns, or write letters does not mean that the defendant invaded the plaintiff's private space. Keller v. Patterson,
2012 WI App 78,
343 Wis. 2d 569,
819 N.W.2d 841,
11-0334.
995.50 Annotation
Sub. (2) (c) [now sub. (2) (am) 3.] addresses situations where an individual makes public statements about the private life of another person in a highly offensive way. In order to fall under sub. (2) (c) [now sub. (2) (am) 3.], the statements must make information public that was not previously available to the public. Keller v. Patterson,
2012 WI App 78,
343 Wis. 2d 569,
819 N.W.2d 841,
11-0334.
995.50 Annotation
The more reasonable interpretation of “use" in sub. (2) (b) [now sub. (2) (am) 2.] is that it does not cover bidding on someone's name as a keyword search term. The holding is limited to the particular “non-visible" type of use at issue in this case. Habush v. Cannon,
2013 WI App 34,
346 Wis. 2d 709,
828 N.W.2d 876,
11-1769.
995.50 Annotation
The right to privacy law does not affect the duties of custodians of public records under s. 19.21. 68 Atty. Gen. 68.
995.50 Annotation
Surveillance of a school district employee from public streets and highways by the employer school district's agents to determine whether the employee was in violation of the district's residency policy did not violate this section. Munson v. Milwaukee Board of School Directors,
969 F.2d 266 (1992).
995.50 Annotation
While the Open Records Law and this statute are related laws, they are only related in that a finding under the Open Records Law that a record should be made public would necessarily mean that “the information was available to the public as a matter of public record." This is true because both statutes apply the same common-law balancing test when determining whether a record is public. When a trial court found only that the procedures delineated in the Open Records Law were not followed, those procedures had no impact on the question of whether a record is public under this section; the procedures are merely procedural, not substantive. Hutchins v. Clarke,
661 F.3d 947 (2011).
995.50 Annotation
In drafting this section, the legislature used New York's privacy statute as a model. The text of sub. (2) (b) [now sub. (2) (am) 2.] duplicates nearly verbatim New York law. Case law under the New York privacy statute may be particularly useful. Bogie v. Rosenberg,
705 F.3d 603 (2013).
995.50 Annotation
A claim under sub. (2) (a) [now sub. (2) (am) 1.] must show that the alleged intrusion into privacy would be highly offensive to a reasonable person. The question of what kinds of conduct will be regarded as a highly offensive intrusion is largely a matter of social conventions and expectations. The offensiveness of the intrusion itself cannot be based on the content or substance captured by virtue of the alleged intrusion. The fact that the plaintiff was embarrassed to be filmed saying something she regretted having said and later deemed offensive did not convert the filming itself into a highly offensive intrusion. Bogie v. Rosenberg,
705 F.3d 603 (2013).
995.50 Annotation
Where a matter of legitimate public interest is concerned, no cause of action for invasion of privacy will lie. This newsworthiness or public interest exception should be construed broadly, covering not only descriptions of actual events, but also articles concerning political happenings, social trends, or any subject of public interest. Wisconsin courts have also incorporated the common law exception for incidental use into the statute. Bogie v. Rosenberg,
705 F.3d 603 (2013).
995.50 Annotation
Court documents are matters of public interest. It follows that if court documents warrant the public interest exception, Internet search providers and indexes that lead the public to those documents or that capture key terms related to them are likewise entitled to that exception. To the extent that a search provider's profit motives undermine the reliance on the public interest argument, the exception applies even when the entities sharing the information do so largely, and even primarily, to make a profit. Stayart v. Google Inc.,
710 F.3d 719 (2013).
995.50 Annotation
A person's religious affiliation, standing alone, is not so private that publication would offend a reasonable person and constitute an invasion of privacy under sub. (2) (c) [now sub. (2) (am) 3.]. Briggs & Stratton Corp. v. National Catholic Reporter Publishing Co.,
978 F. Supp. 1195 (1997).
995.50 Annotation
The exclusivity provision of the Workers Compensation Act does not bar a claim for invasion of privacy under this section. Marino v. Arandell Corp.,
1 F. Supp. 2d 947 (1998).
995.50 Annotation
The Wisconsin court of appeals has held that unwanted phone calls do not constitute an invasion of privacy under this section. Baemmert v. Credit One Bank, N.A.,
271 F. Supp. 3d 1043 (2017).
995.50 Annotation
The absence of false light from the Wisconsin privacy statute. 66 MLR 99 (1982).
995.50 Annotation
The tort of misappropriation of name or likeness under Wisconsin's new privacy law. Endejan. 1978 WLR 1029.
995.50 Annotation
The Case for Reexamining Privacy Law in Wisconsin: Why Wisconsin Courts Should Adopt the Interpretation of the Tort of Intrusion upon Seclusion of Fisher v. Mount Olive Lutheran Church. Infield-Harm. 2004 WLR 1781.
995.50 Annotation
The Scope of Wisconsin's Privacy Statute. Backer. Wis. Law. Sept. 2003.
995.50 Annotation
Employer Liability for Employment References. Mac Kelly. Wis. Law. Apr. 2008.
995.50 Annotation
101: How to Combat Revenge Porn. Post. Wis. Law. Feb. 2020.
995.55
995.55
Internet privacy protection. 995.55(1)(a)
(a) “Access information" means a user name and password or any other security information that protects access to a personal Internet account.
995.55(1)(b)
(b) “Educational institution" means an institution of higher education, as defined in s.
108.02 (18); a technical college established under s.
38.02; a school, as defined in s.
440.52 (11) (a) 2.; a public school, as described in s.
115.01 (1); a charter school, as defined in s.
115.001 (1); a private school, as defined in s.
115.001 (3r); or a private educational testing service or administrator.
995.55(1)(c)
(c) “Employer" means any person engaging in any activity, enterprise, or business employing at least one individual. “Employer" includes the state, its political subdivisions, and any office, department, independent agency, authority, institution, association, society, or other body in state or local government created or authorized to be created by the constitution or any law, including the legislature and the courts.
995.55(1)(d)
(d) “Personal Internet account" means an Internet-based account that is created and used by an individual exclusively for purposes of personal communications.
995.55(2)
(2) Restrictions on employer access to personal Internet accounts. 995.55(2)(a)1.
1. Request or require an employee or applicant for employment, as a condition of employment, to disclose access information for the personal Internet account of the employee or applicant or to otherwise grant access to or allow observation of that account.
995.55(2)(a)2.
2. Discharge or otherwise discriminate against an employee for exercising the right under subd.
1. to refuse to disclose access information for, grant access to, or allow observation of the employee's personal Internet account, opposing a practice prohibited under subd.
1., filing a complaint or attempting to enforce any right under subd.
1., or testifying or assisting in any action or proceeding to enforce any right under subd.
1. 995.55(2)(a)3.
3. Refuse to hire an applicant for employment because the applicant refused to disclose access information for, grant access to, or allow observation of the applicant's personal Internet account.
995.55(2)(b)
(b) Paragraph
(a) does not prohibit an employer from doing any of the following:
995.55(2)(b)1.
1. Requesting or requiring an employee to disclose access information to the employer in order for the employer to gain access to or operate an electronic communications device supplied or paid for in whole or in part by the employer or in order for the employer to gain access to an account or service provided by the employer, obtained by virtue of the employee's employment relationship with the employer, or used for the employer's business purposes.
