71.28(10)(c)1.1. Partnerships, limited liability companies, and tax-option corporations may not claim the credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts under par. (b). A partnership, limited liability company, or tax-option corporation shall compute the amount of the credit that each of its partners, members, or shareholders may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners, members of limited liability companies, and shareholders of tax-option corporations may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interests. 71.28(10)(c)2.2. The maximum amount of the credit per employee that a claimant may claim under this subsection is an amount equal to 50 percent of the amount the claimant contributed to the employee’s college savings account, not to exceed a maximum credit of $800. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2024, the dollar amount in this subdivision shall be increased each year by a percentage equal to the percentage change between the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August of the previous year and the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August 2023, as determined by the federal department of labor, except that the adjustment may occur only if the resulting amount is greater than the corresponding amount that was calculated for the previous year. The amount that is revised under this subdivision shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10 if the revised amount is not a multiple of $10 or, if the revised amount is a multiple of $5, such an amount shall be increased to the next higher multiple of $10. The department of revenue shall annually adjust the change in the dollar amount required under this subdivision and incorporate the change into the income tax forms and instructions. 71.28(10)(c)3.3. A credit may be claimed under par. (b) only if, for federal income tax purposes, the compensation of the employee described in par. (b) is reported, or required to be reported, on a W-2 form issued by the claimant. 71.28(10)(d)(d) Administration. Subsection (4) (e) to (h), as it applies to the credit under sub. (4), applies to the credit under this subsection. 71.28 HistoryHistory: 1987 a. 312; 1987 a. 411 ss. 88, 130 to 139; 1987 a. 422; 1989 a. 31, 44, 56, 100, 336, 359; 1991 a. 39, 292; 1993 a. 16, 112, 232, 491; 1995 a. 2; 1995 a. 27 ss. 3399r to 3404c, 9116 (5); 1995 a. 209, 227; 1997 a. 27, 41, 237, 299; 1999 a. 5, 9; 2001 a. 16; 2003 a. 72, 99, 135, 255, 267, 326; 2005 a. 25, 74, 97, 361, 387, 452, 479, 483, 487; 2007 a. 20, 96, 97, 100; 2009 a. 2, 11, 28, 180, 185, 265, 267, 269, 276, 294, 295, 332, 401; 2011 a. 3, 15, 32, 67, 212, 213, 232, 237; 2011 a. 260 s. 80; 2013 a. 20, 54, 62, 116, 145, 165; 2013 a. 166 ss. 26, 77; 2015 a. 55, 186, 237; 2017 a. 58, 59, 176, 197; 2017 a. 364 ss. 16 to 18, 48; 2017 a. 365 s. 111; 2017 a. 366; 2019 a. 54, 167; 2021 a. 1, 58, 127; 2021 a. 238 s. 44; 2023 a. 12, 19, 138, 143, 148. 71.2971.29 Payments of estimated taxes. 71.29(1)(1) Definitions. In this section: 71.29(1)(a)(a) “Return” means a return that would show the tax properly due. 71.29(1)(b)(b) “Tax shown on the return” and “tax for the taxable year” mean the net taxes imposed under s. 71.23 (1) or (2) after reduction for credits against those taxes but before reduction for amounts paid as estimated tax under this section plus the surcharge imposed under s. 77.93 before reduction for amounts paid as estimated tax under this section for that surcharge. 71.29(1)(c)(c) “Virtually exempt entity” means any entity, other than a corporation, that is subject to a tax under this chapter on unrelated business taxable income as defined under section 512 of the internal revenue code. 71.29(2)(2) Who shall pay. Every corporation subject to tax under s. 71.23 (1) or (2) and every virtually exempt entity subject to tax under s. 71.125 or 71.23 (1) or (2) shall pay an estimated tax. 71.29(3)(3) Refund carry-forward. If a corporation or virtually exempt entity claims a refund on any tax return and, concurrent with or subsequent to filing the return upon which that refund is claimed, is required to pay an estimated tax, and at the time of paying that tax the refund has not been paid, the corporation or virtually exempt entity may deduct the amount of that refund from the first installment of estimated taxes and may deduct any excess from the succeeding installments. 71.29(3m)(3m) Refunds. The department of revenue may refund estimated taxes after the completion of the taxable year to which the estimated taxes relate if the refund is at least 10 percent of the taxes estimated for that taxable year and is at least $500. A refund under this subsection may be subject to s. 71.84 (2) (c). 71.29(4)(4) Prepayments. Any installment of the estimated tax under this section may be paid before the due date. 71.29(5)(5) Short year. Application of this section to taxable years of less than 12 full months shall be made under the department of revenue’s rules. 71.29 Cross-referenceCross-reference: See also s. Tax 2.89, Wis. adm. code. 71.29(6)(6) Overpayments. If the amount of an installment payment of estimated tax exceeds the amount determined to be the correct amount of that payment, the overpayment shall be credited against the next unpaid installment. 71.29(7)(7) Exception to interest. No interest is required under s. 71.84 (2) (a) or (b) for a corporation or virtually exempt entity if any of the following conditions apply: 71.29(7)(a)(a) The tax shown on the return or, if no return is filed, the tax is less than $500. 71.29(7)(b)(b) The preceding taxable year was 12 months, the corporation or virtually exempt entity had no liability under s. 71.125 or 71.23 (1) or (2) for that year and, except for a corporation making an election under s. 71.365 (4m) (a), the corporation or virtually exempt entity has a Wisconsin net income of less than $250,000 for the current taxable year. 71.29(7)(c)(c) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2008, the taxpayer qualifies for a federal extension of time to file under 26 USC 7508A due to a presidentially declared disaster or terroristic or military action. 71.29(7)(d)(d) The taxpayer has underpaid the taxpayer’s estimated taxes due to the change in the percentage under s. 71.28 (5n) (b) 3. This paragraph applies only to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014, and before January 1, 2016. 71.29(8)(8) Installment due dates. Taxpayers shall make estimated payments in 4 installments, on or before the 15th day of each of the following months: 71.29(8)(a)(a) The 4th month of the taxable year, except that a taxpayer whose taxable year begins in April shall pay the installment in the 3rd month of the taxable year. 71.29(9)(9) Installment amounts; income of less than $250,000. 71.29(9)(a)(a) For corporations or virtually exempt entities that have Wisconsin net incomes of less than $250,000, except as provided in pars. (b) and (c), the amount of each installment required under sub. (8) is 25 percent of the lower of the following amounts: 71.29(9)(a)1.1. Ninety percent of the tax shown on the return for the taxable year or, if no return is filed, 90 percent of the tax for the taxable year. 71.29(9)(a)2.2. The tax shown on the return for the preceding year. 71.29(9)(b)(b) Paragraph (a) 2. does not apply if the preceding taxable year was less than 12 months or if the corporation did not file a return for the preceding year. 71.29(9)(c)(c) If 22.5 percent for the first installment, 45 percent for the 2nd installment, 67.5 percent for the 3rd installment and 90 percent for the 4th installment of the tax for the taxable year computed by annualizing, under methods prescribed by the department of revenue, the corporation’s income, or the virtually exempt entity’s unrelated business taxable income, for the months in the taxable year ending before the installment’s due date is less than the installment required under par. (a), the corporation or virtually exempt entity may pay the amount under this paragraph rather than the amount under par. (a). For purposes of computing annualized income under this paragraph, the apportionment percentage computed under s. 71.25 (6) and (10) to (12) from the return filed for the previous taxable year may be used if that return was filed with the department of revenue on or before the due date of the installment for which the income is being annualized and if the apportionment percentage on that previous year’s return was greater than zero. For purposes of computing annualized income of corporations that are subject to a tax under this chapter on unrelated business taxable income, as defined under section 512 of the internal revenue code, and virtually exempt entities, the taxpayer’s income for the months in the taxable year ending before the date one month before the due date for the installment shall be used. Any corporation or virtually exempt entity that pays an amount calculated under this paragraph shall increase the next installment computed under par. (a) by an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid under this paragraph and the amount that would have been paid under par. (a). 71.29(10)(10) Installment amounts; income of $250,000 or more. 71.29(10)(a)(a) Except as provided in pars. (c) and (d), for corporations or virtually exempt entities that have Wisconsin net incomes of $250,000 or more, the amount of each installment required under sub. (8) is 25 percent of the amount under par. (b). 71.29(10)(b)(b) Ninety percent of the tax shown on the return for the taxable year or, if no return is filed, 90 percent of the tax for the taxable year. 71.29(10)(c)(c) If 22.5 percent for the first installment, 45 percent for the 2nd installment, 67.5 percent for the 3rd installment and 90 percent for the 4th installment of the tax for the taxable year computed by annualizing, under methods prescribed by the department of revenue, the corporation’s income, or the virtually exempt entity’s unrelated business taxable income, for the months in the taxable year ending before the installment’s due date is less than the installment required under par. (a), the corporation or virtually exempt entity may pay the amount under this paragraph rather than the amount under par. (a). For purposes of computing annualized income under this paragraph, the apportionment percentage computed under s. 71.25 (6) and (10) to (12) from the return filed for the previous taxable year may be used if that return is filed with the department of revenue on or before the due date of the installment for which the income is being annualized and the apportionment percentage on that previous year’s return is greater than zero or may be used if that return is filed with the department of revenue on or before the due date of the 3rd installment, the apportionment percentage on that previous year’s return is greater than zero and the apportionment percentage used in the computation of the first 2 installments is not less than the apportionment percentage on that previous year’s return. For purposes of computing annualized income of corporations that are subject to a tax under this chapter on unrelated business taxable income, as defined under section 512 of the internal revenue code, and virtually exempt entities, the taxpayer’s income for the months in the taxable year ending before the date one month before the due date for the installment shall be used. Any corporation or virtually exempt entity that pays an amount calculated under this paragraph shall increase the next installment computed under par. (a) by an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid under this paragraph and the amount that would have been paid under par. (a). 71.29(11)(11) Exception to final installment. If a corporation or virtually exempt entity files a return for a calendar year on or before January 31 of the succeeding calendar year (or if a corporation or virtually exempt entity on a fiscal year basis files a return on or before the last day of the first month immediately succeeding the close of such fiscal year) and pays in full at the time of such filing the amount computed on the return as payable, then, if estimated taxes are not required to be paid on or before the 15th day of the 9th month of the taxable year but are required to be paid on or before the 15th day of the 12th month of the taxable year, such return shall be considered as payment. 71.3071.30 General provisions. 71.30(1)(a)(a) A corporation shall use a method of accounting authorized under the internal revenue code and shall use the same method used for federal income tax purposes if that method is authorized under the internal revenue code. 71.30(1)(b)(b) A corporation that changes its method of accounting while subject to taxation under this chapter shall make the adjustments required under the internal revenue code, except that in the last year that a corporation is subject to taxation under this chapter it shall take into account all of the remaining adjustments required by this chapter because of a change in method of accounting. 71.30(2)(2) Allocation of gross income, deductions, credits between 2 or more businesses. In any case of 2 or more organizations, trades or businesses (whether or not incorporated, whether or not organized in the United States, whether or not affiliated, and whether or not unitary) owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the same interests, the secretary or his or her delegate may distribute, apportion or allocate gross income, deductions, credits or allowances between or among such organizations, trades or businesses, if he or she determines that such distribution, apportionment or allocation is necessary in order to prevent evasion of taxes or clearly to reflect the income of any of such organizations, trades or businesses. The authority granted under this subsection is in addition to, and not a limitation of or dependent on, the provisions of ss. 71.05 (6) (a) 24. and (b) 45., 71.26 (2) (a) 7. and 8., 71.34 (1k) (j) and (k), 71.45 (2) (a) 16. and 17., and 71.80 (23). 71.30(2m)(2m) Transactions without economic substance. 71.30(2m)(a)(a) If any person, directly or indirectly, engages in a transaction or series of transactions without economic substance to create a loss or to reduce taxable income or to increase credits allowed in determining Wisconsin tax, the department shall determine the amount of a taxpayer’s taxable income or tax so as to reflect what would have been the taxpayer’s taxable income or tax if not for the transaction or transactions without economic substance causing the reduction in taxable income or tax. 71.30(2m)(b)(b) A transaction has economic substance only if the transaction is treated as having economic substance as determined under section 7701 (o) of the Internal Revenue Code, except that the tax effect shall be determined using federal, state, local, or foreign taxes, rather than only the federal income tax effect. 71.30(2m)(c)(c) With respect to a transaction between members of a controlled group, as defined in section 267 (f) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code, the transaction shall be presumed to lack economic substance, and the taxpayer shall bear the burden of establishing by clear and satisfactory evidence that the transaction or the series of transactions between the taxpayer and one or more members of the controlled group has economic substance. 71.30(3)(3) Computations order. Notwithstanding any other provisions in this chapter, corporations computing liability for the tax under s. 71.23 (1) or (2) shall make computations in the following order: 71.30(3)(f)(f) The total of farmland preservation credit under subch. IX, jobs credit under s. 71.28 (3q), enterprise zone jobs credit under s. 71.28 (3w), electronics and information technology manufacturing zone credit under s. 71.28 (3wm), business development credit under s. 71.28 (3y), research credit under s. 71.28 (4) (k) 1., and estimated tax payments under s. 71.29. 71.30(4)(4) Defense contract renegotiation. If the renegotiation or price redetermination of any corporation defense contract or subcontract by the government of the United States or any agency thereof or the voluntary adjustment of prices, costs or profits on any such contract or subcontract results in a reduction of income, the amount of any repayment or credit pursuant to such renegotiation, price redetermination or adjustment, including any federal income taxes credited as a part thereof, shall be allowed as a deduction from the corporate taxable income of the year in which said income was reported for taxation. Any federal income tax previously paid upon any income so repaid or credited shall be disallowed as a deduction from income of the year in which such tax was originally deducted, to the extent that such tax constituted an allowable deduction for said year. Any corporate taxpayer affected by such renegotiation, price redetermination or voluntary adjustment may within one year after the final determination thereof file a claim for refund and secure the same without interest, and the department of revenue shall make appropriate adjustments on account of said tax deductions without interest, notwithstanding the limitations of s. 71.75 or other applicable statutes. 71.30(5)(5) Disc income combining. In the case of a parent corporation, its DISC or affiliate, the net income of a DISC derived from business transacted with its parent shall be combined with the income of the parent corporation and the net income of a DISC derived from business transacted with the parent’s affiliated corporation shall be combined with the net income of the affiliated corporation to determine the amount of income subject to taxation under this chapter for the DISC, the parent corporation or the affiliate of the parent corporation as separate taxable entities. The net income of the parent corporation shall not include dividends received from the DISC paid from income previously combined for taxation under this subsection. “DISC” (domestic international sales corporation) has the meaning specified in section 992 of the internal revenue code as amended to December 31, 1979. For purposes of this subsection, a corporation is affiliated if at least 50 percent of its total combined voting stock is owned directly or indirectly by its parent corporation. 71.30(6)(6) Installment method; distributions and final year. A corporation entitled to use the installment method of accounting shall take the unreported balance of gain on all installment obligations into income in the taxable year of their distribution, transfer or acquisition by another person or for the final taxable year for which it files or is required to file a return under this chapter, whichever year occurs first. 71.30(7)(7) Penalties. Unless specifically provided in this subchapter, the penalties under subch. XIII apply for failure to comply with the provisions of this subchapter unless the context requires otherwise. 71.30(8)(8) Pricing effect on taxable income. 71.30(8)(a)(a) When any corporation liable to taxation under this chapter conducts its business in such a manner as either directly or indirectly to benefit the members or stockholders thereof or any person interested in such business, by selling its products or the goods or commodities in which it deals at less than the fair price which might be obtained therefor, or where a corporation, a substantial portion of whose capital stock is owned either directly or indirectly by another corporation, acquires and disposes of the products of the corporation so owning a substantial portion of its stock in such a manner as to create a loss or improper net income, the department may determine the amount of taxable income to such corporation for the calendar or fiscal year, having due regard to the reasonable profits which but for such arrangement or understanding might or could have been obtained from dealing in such products, goods or commodities. 71.30(8)(b)(b) For the purpose of this chapter, if a corporation which is required to file an income or franchise tax return is affiliated with or related to any other corporation through stock ownership by the same interests or as parent or subsidiary corporations or has income that is regulated through contract or other arrangement, the department of revenue may require such consolidated statements as in its opinion are necessary in order to determine the taxable income received by any one of the affiliated or related corporations or to determine whether the corporations are a unitary business. 71.30(9)(9) Reserve account transfer to surplus. If any transfer of a reserve or other account or portion thereof is in effect a transfer to surplus, so much of such transfer as had been accumulated through deductions from the gross or taxable income of the years open to audit under s. 71.74 (1) and (2) shall be included in the gross or taxable income of such years, and so much of such transfer as has been accumulated through deductions from the gross or taxable income of the years following January 1, 1911, and not open to audit under s. 71.74 (1) and (2) shall be included in the gross or taxable income of the year in which such transfer was effected. 71.30(10)(a)2.2. “Endangered resources program” means purchasing or improving land or habitats for any native Wisconsin endangered or threatened species, as defined in s. 29.604 (2) (a) or (b), or for any nongame species, as defined in s. 29.001 (60); conducting the natural heritage inventory program under s. 23.27 (3); conducting wildlife and resource research and surveys; providing wildlife management services; providing for wildlife damage control or the payment of claims for damage associated with endangered or threatened species; and the payment of administrative expenses related to the administration of this subsection.
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