Chapter 948

948.095 Annotation An “employee” and persons “under contract” are examples of persons included within the group of people that provide services to a school or school board within the definition of school staff under sub. (1) (b). These phrases are illustrative and do not limit the definition of “a person who provides services.” State v. Kaster, 2003 WI App 105, 264 Wis. 2d 751, 663 N.W.2d 390, 02-2352. See also State v. Kaster, 2006 WI App 72, 292 Wis. 2d 252, 714 N.W.2d 238, 05-1285.

948.098 948.098 Sexual misconduct by a school staff person or volunteer.

948.098(1) (1) In this section:

948.098(1)(a) (a) “Physical contact of a sexual nature” means any of the following types of intentional touching, whether direct or through clothing:

948.098(1)(a)1. 1. Intentional touching by the actor or, upon the actor’s instruction, by another person, by the use of any body part or object, if the purpose of the intentional touching is any of the following:

948.098(1)(a)1.a. a. To sexually degrade or sexually humiliate the pupil.

948.098(1)(a)1.b. b. To sexually degrade or sexually humiliate the actor.

948.098(1)(a)1.c. c. To sexually arouse or sexually gratify the pupil.

948.098(1)(a)1.d. d. To sexually arouse or sexually gratify the actor.

948.098(1)(a)2. 2. Intentional touching by the pupil, by the use of any body part or object, of the actor or, if done upon the actor’s instructions, another person, if the purpose of the intentional touching is any of the following:

948.098(1)(a)2.a. a. To sexually degrade or sexually humiliate the pupil.

948.098(1)(a)2.b. b. To sexually degrade or sexually humiliate the actor.

948.098(1)(a)2.c. c. To sexually arouse or sexually gratify the pupil.

948.098(1)(a)2.d. d. To sexually arouse or sexually gratify the actor.

948.098(1)(b) (b) “School” means a public or private elementary or secondary school, or a tribal school, as defined in s. 115.001 (15m).

948.098(1)(c) (c) “School staff member” means any person who provides services to a school or a school board, including an employee of a school or a school board and a person who provides services to a school or a school board under a contract. “School staff member” includes a bus driver.

948.098(1)(d) (d) “Sexual misconduct” means verbal conduct of a sexual nature or physical contact of a sexual nature. “Sexual misconduct” includes conduct directed by a person at another person of the same or opposite gender.

948.098(1)(e) (e) “Verbal conduct of a sexual nature” means communications made intentionally for any of the following purposes:

948.098(1)(e)1. 1. Sexually degrading or sexually humiliating the pupil

948.098(1)(e)2. 2. Sexually degrading or sexually humiliating the actor.

948.098(1)(e)3. 3. Sexually arousing or sexually gratifying the pupil.

948.098(1)(e)4. 4. Sexually arousing or sexually gratifying the actor.

948.098 Note NOTE: Subd. 4. was created as subd. 3. by 2023 Wis. Act 200 and renumbered to subd. 4. by the legislative reference bureau under s. 13.92 (1) (bm) 2.

948.098(1)(f) (f) “Volunteer” means a person, other than a school staff member, who provides services to a school without compensation.

948.098(2) (2) Any school staff member or volunteer who commits an act of sexual misconduct against a pupil enrolled in the school is guilty of a Class I felony.

948.098(3) (3) A law enforcement officer who receives a report of an alleged violation of sub. (2) shall notify the department of public instruction of the alleged violation including the name of the person alleged and the name of the school district or school at which the person works or volunteers.

948.098 History History: 2023 a. 200; s. 13.92 (1) (bm) 2.; s. 35.17 correction in (1) (a) 2. (intro.).

948.10 948.10 Exposing genitals, pubic area, or intimate parts.

948.10(1) (1) Whoever, for purposes of sexual arousal or sexual gratification, causes a child to expose genitals, pubic area, or intimate parts or exposes genitals, pubic area, or intimate parts to a child is guilty of the following:

948.10(1)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), a Class I felony.

948.10(1)(b) (b) A Class A misdemeanor if any of the following applies:

948.10(1)(b)1. 1. The actor is a child when the violation occurs.

948.10(1)(b)2. 2. At the time of the violation, the actor had not attained the age of 19 years and was not more than 4 years older than the child.

948.10(2) (2) Subsection (1) does not apply under any of the following circumstances:

948.10(2)(a) (a) The child is the defendant’s spouse.

948.10(2)(b) (b) A mother’s breast-feeding of her child.

948.10 History History: 1987 a. 332; 1989 a. 31; 1995 a. 165; 2009 a. 202; 2013 a. 362.

948.10 Annotation Like other statutes in this chapter that create strict liability for crimes against children, this section can only be employed in situations involving face-to-face contact at the time of the crime and not to remote exposures such as over the Internet. This section lacks the scienter element of age of the victim that is necessary in a variable obscenity statute. State v. Stuckey, 2013 WI App 98, 349 Wis. 2d 654, 837 N.W.2d 160, 12-1776.

948.11 948.11 Exposing a child to harmful material or harmful descriptions or narrations.

948.11(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

948.11(1)(ag) (ag) “Harmful description or narrative account” means any explicit and detailed description or narrative account of sexual excitement, sexually explicit conduct, sadomasochistic abuse, physical torture or brutality that, taken as a whole, is harmful to children.

948.11(1)(ar) (ar) “Harmful material” means:

948.11(1)(ar)1. 1. Any picture, photograph, drawing, sculpture, motion picture film or similar visual representation or image of a person or portion of the human body that depicts nudity, sexually explicit conduct, sadomasochistic abuse, physical torture or brutality and that is harmful to children; or

948.11(1)(ar)2. 2. Any book, pamphlet, magazine, printed matter however reproduced or recording that contains any matter enumerated in subd. 1., or explicit and detailed verbal descriptions or narrative accounts of sexual excitement, sexually explicit conduct, sadomasochistic abuse, physical torture or brutality and that, taken as a whole, is harmful to children.

948.11(1)(b) (b) “Harmful to children” means that quality of any description, narrative account or representation, in whatever form, of nudity, sexually explicit conduct, sexual excitement, sadomasochistic abuse, physical torture or brutality, when it:

948.11(1)(b)1. 1. Predominantly appeals to the prurient, shameful or morbid interest of children;

948.11(1)(b)2. 2. Is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable for children; and

948.11(1)(b)3. 3. Lacks serious literary, artistic, political, scientific or educational value for children, when taken as a whole.

948.11(1)(d) (d) “Nudity” means the showing of the human male or female genitals, pubic area or buttocks with less than a full opaque covering, or the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple, or the depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

948.11(1)(e) (e) “Person” means any individual, partnership, firm, association, corporation or other legal entity.

948.11(1)(f) (f) “Sexual excitement” means the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal.

948.11(2) (2) Criminal penalties.

948.11(2)(a) (a) Whoever, with knowledge of the character and content of the material, sells, rents, exhibits, plays, distributes, or loans to a child any harmful material, with or without monetary consideration, is guilty of a Class I felony if any of the following applies:

948.11(2)(a)1. 1. The person knows or reasonably should know that the child has not attained the age of 18 years.

948.11(2)(a)2. 2. The person has face-to-face contact with the child before or during the sale, rental, exhibit, playing, distribution, or loan.

948.11(2)(am) (am) Any person who has attained the age of 17 and who, with knowledge of the character and content of the description or narrative account, verbally communicates, by any means, a harmful description or narrative account to a child, with or without monetary consideration, is guilty of a Class I felony if any of the following applies:

948.11(2)(am)1. 1. The person knows or reasonably should know that the child has not attained the age of 18 years.

948.11(2)(am)2. 2. The person has face-to-face contact with the child before or during the communication.

948.11(2)(b) (b) Whoever, with knowledge of the character and content of the material, possesses harmful material with the intent to sell, rent, exhibit, play, distribute, or loan the material to a child is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor if any of the following applies:

948.11(2)(b)1. 1. The person knows or reasonably should know that the child has not attained the age of 18 years.

948.11(2)(b)2. 2. The person has face-to-face contact with the child.

948.11(2)(c) (c) It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution for a violation of pars. (a) 2., (am) 2., and (b) 2. if the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the child had attained the age of 18 years, and the child exhibited to the defendant a draft card, driver’s license, birth certificate or other official or apparently official document purporting to establish that the child had attained the age of 18 years. A defendant who raises this affirmative defense has the burden of proving this defense by a preponderance of the evidence.

948.11(3) (3) Extradition. If any person is convicted under sub. (2) and cannot be found in this state, the governor or any person performing the functions of governor by authority of the law shall, unless the convicted person has appealed from the judgment of contempt or conviction and the appeal has not been finally determined, demand his or her extradition from the executive authority of the state in which the person is found.

948.11(4) (4) Libraries and educational institutions.

948.11(4)(a) (a) The legislature finds that the libraries and educational institutions under par. (b) carry out the essential purpose of making available to all citizens a current, balanced collection of books, reference materials, periodicals, sound recordings and audiovisual materials that reflect the cultural diversity and pluralistic nature of American society. The legislature further finds that it is in the interest of the state to protect the financial resources of libraries and educational institutions from being expended in litigation and to permit these resources to be used to the greatest extent possible for fulfilling the essential purpose of libraries and educational institutions.

948.11(4)(b) (b) No person who is an employee, a member of the board of directors or a trustee of any of the following is liable to prosecution for violation of this section for acts or omissions while in his or her capacity as an employee, a member of the board of directors or a trustee:

948.11(4)(b)1. 1. A public elementary or secondary school.

948.11(4)(b)2. 2. A private school, as defined in s. 115.001 (3r), or a tribal school, as defined in s. 115.001 (15m).

948.11(4)(b)3. 3. Any school offering vocational, technical or adult education that:

948.11(4)(b)3.a. a. Is a technical college, is a school approved by the department of safety and professional services under s. 440.52, or is a school described in s. 440.52 (1) (e) 6., 7. or 8.; and

948.11(4)(b)3.b. b. Is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c) (3) of the internal revenue code, as defined in s. 71.01 (6).

948.11(4)(b)4. 4. Any institution of higher education that is accredited, as described in s. 39.30 (1) (d), and is exempt from taxation under section 501 (c) (3) of the internal revenue code, as defined in s. 71.01 (6).

948.11(4)(b)5. 5. A library that receives funding from any unit of government.

948.11(5) (5) Severability. The provisions of this section, including the provisions of sub. (4), are severable, as provided in s. 990.001 (11).

948.11 History History: 1987 a. 332; 1989 a. 31; 1993 a. 220, 399; 1995 a. 27 s. 9154 (1); 1997 a. 27, 82; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 16, 104, 109; 2005 a. 22, 25, 254; 2009 a. 302; 2017 a. 59.

948.11 Annotation This section is not unconstitutionally overbroad. The exemption from prosecution of libraries, educational institutions, and their employees and directors does not violate equal protection rights. State v. Thiel, 183 Wis. 2d 505, 515 N.W.2d 847 (1994).

948.11 Annotation An individual violates this section if the individual, aware of the nature of the material, knowingly offers or presents for inspection to a specific minor material defined as harmful to children in sub. (1) (b). The personal contact between the perpetrator and the child-victim is what allows the state to impose on the defendant the risk that the victim is a minor. State v. Trochinski, 2002 WI 56, 253 Wis. 2d 38, 644 N.W.2d 891, 00-2545.

948.11 Annotation The evidence was not insufficient to sustain the jury’s verdict solely because the jury did not view the video alleged to be “harmful material” but instead heard only the children victims’ and a detective’s descriptions of what they saw. State v. Booker, 2006 WI 79, 292 Wis. 2d 43, 717 N.W.2d 676, 04-1435.

948.11 Annotation “Verbally” in sub. (2) (am) is most reasonably read as proscribing communication to children of harmful matter in words, whether oral or written, and to distinguish sub. (2) (am) from sub. (2) (a), which primarily proscribes visual representations. State v. Ebersold, 2007 WI App 232, 306 Wis. 2d 371, 742 N.W.2d 876, 06-0833.

948.11 Annotation When the jury was instructed that the state had to prove only that the defendant exhibited harmful material to the child and the instruction did not include the word “knowing” or “intentional,” in light of the instructions in the case and reviewing the proceedings as a whole, there was a reasonable likelihood that the jury was confused and misled about the need for the state to prove an element of the crime. State v. Gonzalez, 2011 WI 63, 335 Wis. 2d 270, 802 N.W.2d 454, 09-1249.

948.12 948.12 Possession of child pornography.

948.12(1m) (1m) Whoever possesses, or accesses in any way with the intent to view, any undeveloped film, photographic negative, photograph, motion picture, videotape, or other recording of a child engaged in sexually explicit conduct under all of the following circumstances may be penalized under sub. (3):

948.12(1m)(a) (a) The person knows that he or she possesses or has accessed the material.

948.12(1m)(b) (b) The person knows, or reasonably should know, that the material that is possessed or accessed contains depictions of sexually explicit conduct.

948.12(1m)(c) (c) The person knows or reasonably should know that the child depicted in the material who is engaged in sexually explicit conduct has not attained the age of 18 years.

948.12(2m) (2m) Whoever exhibits or plays a recording of a child engaged in sexually explicit conduct, if all of the following apply, may be penalized under sub. (3):

948.12(2m)(a) (a) The person knows that he or she has exhibited or played the recording.

948.12(2m)(b) (b) Before the person exhibited or played the recording, he or she knew the character and content of the sexually explicit conduct.

948.12(2m)(c) (c) Before the person exhibited or played the recording, he or she knew or reasonably should have known that the child engaged in sexually explicit conduct had not attained the age of 18 years.