77.52 Annotation
When gold sold to dentists was used in dental work, the sale was not taxable under sub. (1). DOR v. Milwaukee Refining Corp.
80 Wis. 2d 44,
257 N.W.2d 855 (1977).
77.52 Annotation
A data processing service that transfers tangible property such as cards, tape,s and printouts, but whose essential service is the sale of intangible coded or processed data, is not taxable under this section. Janesville Data Center v. DOR,
84 Wis. 2d 341,
267 N.W.2d 656 (1978).
77.52 Annotation
Meals served by a religious order in carrying out its religious work were not, under the circumstances, subject to sales tax for that portion of charges made to guests for lodging, food, and use of the order's facilities. Kollasch v. Adamany,
104 Wis. 2d 552,
313 N.W.2d 47 (1981).
77.52 Annotation
"In this state" as used in sub. (1) and defined in s. 77.51 (6) does not include airspace. Republic Airlines, Inc. v. DOR,
159 Wis. 2d 247,
464 N.W.2d 62 (Ct. App. 1990).
77.52 Annotation
Payments under a taxicab lease from a driver/lessee to the owner/lessor were sales at retail subject to tax. Sanfelippo v. DOR,
170 Wis. 2d 381,
490 N.W.2d 530 (Ct. App. 1992).
77.52 Annotation
Sub. (18) provides no relief from successor liability when the entire purchase price is paid to a secured creditor. Kastengren v. DOR,
179 Wis. 2d 587,
508 N.W.2d 431 (Ct. App. 1993).
77.52 Annotation
Contractors are considered to be the consumers of personal property used by them in real property construction and are subject to sales tax. Performing a real property construction activity for an exempt entity does not make a contractor exempt. Zignego Co., Inc. v. DOR,
211 Wis. 2d 817,
565 N.W.2d 590 (Ct. App. 1997).
77.52 Annotation
A resort's sale of flexible time-share interests in condominiums was subject to sales tax. Sub. (2) (a) 1., as applied to sales of flexible time-shares, does not violate the Art. VIII, s.1,"uniformity clause," nor does it violate guarantees of equal protection. Telemark Development, Inc. v. DOR,
218 Wis. 2d 809,
581 N.W.2d 585 (Ct. App. 1998).
77.523
77.523
Customer remedy. If a customer purchases a service that is subject to
4 USC 116 to
126, as amended by
P.L. 106-252, and if the customer believes that the amount of the tax assessed for the service under this subchapter or the place of primary use or taxing jurisdiction assigned to the service is erroneous, the customer may request that the service provider correct the alleged error by sending a written notice to the service provider. The notice shall include a description of the alleged error, the street address for the customer's place of primary use of the service, the account name and number of the service for which the customer seeks a correction, and any other information that the service provider reasonably requires to process the request. Within 60 days from the date that a service provider receives a request under this section, the service provider shall review its records to determine the customer's taxing jurisdiction. If the review indicates that there is no error as alleged, the service provider shall explain the findings of the review in writing to the customer. If the review indicates that there is an error as alleged, the service provider shall correct the error and shall refund or credit the amount of any tax collected erroneously, along with the related interest, as a result of the error from the customer in the previous 48 months, consistent with
s. 77.59 (4). A customer may take no other action, or commence any action, to correct an alleged error in the amount of the tax assessed under this subchapter on a service that is subject to
4 USC 116 to
126, as amended by
P.L. 106-252, or to correct an alleged error in the assigned place of primary use or taxing jurisdiction, unless the customer has exhausted his or her remedies under this section.
77.523 History
History: 2001 a. 109.
77.524
77.524
Seller and 3rd-party liability. 77.524(1)(a)
(a) "Certified automated system" means software that is certified jointly by the states that are signatories to the agreement, as defined in
s. 77.65 (2) (a), and that is used to calculate the sales tax and use tax imposed under this subchapter and
subch. V on a transaction by each appropriate jurisdiction, to determine the amount of tax to remit to the appropriate state, and to maintain a record of the transaction.
77.524(1)(b)
(b) "Certified service provider" means an agent that is certified jointly by the states that are signatories to the agreement, as defined in
s. 77.65 (2) (a), and that performs all of a seller's sales tax and use tax functions related to the seller's retail sales.
77.524(2)
(2) A certified service provider is the agent of the seller with whom the certified service provider has contracted and is liable for the sales and use taxes that are due the state on all sales transactions that the provider processes for a seller, except as provided in
sub. (3).
77.524(3)
(3) A seller that contracts with a certified service provider is not liable for sales and use taxes that are due the state on transactions that the provider processed, unless the seller has misrepresented the type of items that the seller sells or has committed fraud. The seller is subject to an audit on transactions that the certified service provider processed only if there is probable cause to believe that the seller has committed fraud or made a material misrepresentation. The seller is subject to an audit on transactions that the certified service provider does not process. The states that are signatories to the agreement, as defined in
s. 77.65 (2) (a), may jointly check the seller's business system and review the seller's business procedures to determine if the certified service provider's system is functioning properly and to determine the extent to which the seller's transactions are being processed by the certified service provider.
77.524(4)
(4) A person that provides a certified automated system is responsible for the system's proper functioning and is liable to this state for tax underpayments that are attributable to errors in the system's functioning. A seller that uses a certified automated system is responsible and liable to this state for reporting and remitting sales and use tax.
77.524(5)
(5) A seller that has a proprietary system for determining the amount of tax that is due on transactions and that has signed an agreement with the states that are signatories to the agreement, as defined in
s. 77.65 (2) (a), establishing a performance standard for the system is liable for the system's failure to meet the performance standard.
77.524 History
History: 2001 a. 16.
77.525
77.525
Reduction to prevent double taxation. Any person who is subject to the tax under
s. 77.52 (2) (a) 5. a. on telecommunications services that terminate in this state and who has paid a similar tax on the same services to another state may reduce the amount of the tax remitted to this state by an amount equal to the similar tax properly paid to another state on those services or by the amount due this state on those services, whichever is less. That person shall refund proportionally to the persons to whom the tax under
s. 77.52 (2) (a) 5. a. was passed on an amount equal to the amounts not remitted.
77.525 History
History: 1997 a. 27;
2001 a. 109.
77.53
77.53
Imposition of use tax. 77.53(1)
(1) Except as provided in
sub. (1m), an excise tax is levied and imposed on the use or consumption in this state of taxable services under
s. 77.52 purchased from any retailer, at the rate of 5% of the sales price of those services; on the storage, use or other consumption in this state of tangible personal property purchased from any retailer, at the rate of 5% of the sales price of that property; and on the storage, use or other consumption of tangible personal property manufactured, processed or otherwise altered, in or outside this state, by the person who stores, uses or consumes it, from material purchased from any retailer, at the rate of 5% of the sales price of that material.
77.53(1m)
(1m) For motor vehicles that are used for a purpose in addition to retention, demonstration or display while held for sale in the regular course of business by a dealer who is licensed under
ss. 218.0101 to
218.0163, the base for the tax imposed under
sub. (1) is the following:
77.53(1m)(a)
(a) If the motor vehicle is assigned to and used by an employee of the dealer for whom the dealer is required to withhold amounts for federal income tax purposes or by a person who both has an ownership interest in the dealership and actively participates in the day-to-day operation of the dealership, $96 per month for each motor vehicle registration plate held by the dealer, except that beginning in 1997 the department shall annually, as of January 1, adjust the dollar amount under this paragraph, rounded to the nearest whole dollar, to reflect the annual percentage change in the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, as determined by the U.S. department of labor, for the 12 months ending on June 30 of the year before the change. In this paragraph, "actively participates" means performs services for the motor vehicle dealership; including selling, accounting, managing and consulting; for more than 500 hours in a taxable year for which the person receives compensation, and "actively participates" does not include services performed only in the capacity of an investor; including studying and reviewing financial statements or reports on the operation of the business, preparing or compiling summaries or analyses of the finances of the business for the investor's own use or monitoring the finances or operations of the activity in a nonmanagerial capacity.
77.53(1m)(b)
(b) If the motor vehicle is used by the dealer or any person other than an employee of the dealer, the lease value as shown in the lease value tables that the internal revenue service prepares to interpret section
61 of the internal revenue code.
77.53(2)
(2) Every person storing, using or otherwise consuming in this state tangible personal property or taxable services purchased from a retailer is liable for the tax imposed by this section. The person's liability is not extinguished until the tax has been paid to this state, but a receipt with the tax separately stated from a retailer engaged in business in this state or from a retailer who is authorized by the department, under such rules as it prescribes, to collect the tax and who is regarded as a retailer engaged in business in this state for purposes of the tax imposed by this section given to the purchaser under
sub. (3) relieves the purchaser from further liability for the tax to which the receipt refers.
77.53(3)
(3) Every retailer engaged in business in this state and making sales of tangible personal property or taxable services for delivery into this state or with knowledge directly or indirectly that the property or service is intended for storage, use or other consumption in this state, shall, at the time of making the sales or, if the storage, use or other consumption of the tangible personal property or taxable service is not then taxable under this section, at the time the storage, use or other consumption becomes taxable, collect the tax from the purchaser and give to the purchaser a receipt in the manner and form prescribed by the department.
77.53(4)
(4) A retailer is relieved from liability to collect use tax insofar as the measure of the tax is represented by accounts which have been found to be worthless and charged off for income or franchise tax purposes. If the retailer has previously paid the amount of the tax, the retailer may, under rules prescribed by the department, take as a deduction from the measure of the tax the amount found worthless and charged off for income or franchise tax purposes. If any such accounts are thereafter in whole or in part collected by the retailer, the amount so collected shall be included in the first return filed after such collection and the amount of the tax thereon paid with the return.
77.53(5)
(5) The tax required to be collected by the retailer constitutes a debt owed by the retailer to the state.
77.53(7)
(7) The tax required to be collected by the retailer from the purchaser shall be displayed separately from the list price, the price advertised in the premises, the marked price, or other price on the sales check, invoice or other proof of sale.
77.53(8)
(8) Any person violating
sub. (3) or
(7) is guilty of a misdemeanor.
77.53(9)
(9) Every retailer selling tangible personal property or taxable services for storage, use or other consumption in this state shall register with the department and obtain a certificate under
s. 73.03 (50) and give the name and address of all agents operating in this state, the location of all distribution or sales houses or offices or other places of business in this state, the standard industrial code classification of each place of business in this state and the other information that the department requires.
77.53(9m)
(9m) Any person who is not otherwise required to collect any tax imposed by this subchapter and who makes sales to persons within this state of tangible personal property or taxable services the use of which is subject to tax under this subchapter may register with the department under the terms and conditions that the department imposes and shall obtain a valid certificate under
s. 73.03 (50) and thereby be authorized and required to collect, report and remit to the department the use tax imposed by this subchapter.
77.53(10)
(10) For the purpose of the proper administration of this section and to prevent evasion of the use tax and the duty to collect the use tax, it is presumed that tangible personal property or taxable services sold by any person for delivery in this state is sold for storage, use, or other consumption in this state until the contrary is established. The burden of proving the contrary is upon the person who makes the sale unless that person takes from the purchaser a certificate to the effect that the property or taxable service is purchased for resale, or otherwise exempt from the tax; except that no certificate is required for sales of cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs that are sold at a livestock market, as defined in
s. 95.68 (1) (e) [
s. 95.68 (1) (ag)], and no certificate is required for sales of commodities, as defined in
7 USC 2, that are consigned for sale in a warehouse in or from which the commodity is deliverable on a contract for future delivery subject to the rules of a commodity market regulated by the U.S. commodity futures trading commission if upon the sale the commodity is not removed from the warehouse.
77.53 Note
NOTE: The bracketed language indicates the correct cross-reference. Corrective legislation is pending.
77.53(11)
(11) The certificate referred to in
sub. (10) relieves the person selling the property or service from the burden of proof only if taken in good faith from a person who is engaged as a seller of tangible personal property or taxable services and who holds the permit provided for by
s. 77.52 (9) and who, at the time of purchasing the tangible personal property or taxable service, intends to sell it in the regular course of operations or is unable to ascertain at the time of purchase whether the property or service will be sold or will be used for some other purpose, or if taken in good faith from a person claiming exemption. The certificate shall be signed by and bear the name and address of the purchaser and shall indicate the number of the permit issued to the purchaser, the general character of tangible personal property or taxable service sold by the purchaser and the basis for the claimed exemption. The certificate shall be substantially in the form the department prescribes.
77.53(12)
(12) If a purchaser who gives a certificate makes any storage or use of the property or service other than retention, demonstration or display while holding it for sale in the regular course of operations as a seller, the storage or use is taxable as of the time the property or service is first so stored or used.
77.53(13)
(13) If a purchaser gives a certificate with respect to the purchase of fungible goods and thereafter commingles these goods with other fungible goods not so purchased but of such similarity that the identity of the constituent goods in the commingled mass cannot be determined sales from the mass of commingled goods shall be deemed to be sales of the goods so purchased until a quantity of commingled goods equal to the quantity of purchased goods so commingled has been sold.
77.53(14)
(14) It is presumed that tangible personal property or taxable services shipped or brought to this state by the purchaser were purchased from or serviced by a retailer.
77.53(15)
(15) It is presumed that tangible personal property or taxable services delivered outside this state to a purchaser known by the retailer to be a resident of this state were purchased from a retailer for storage, use or other consumption in this state and stored, used or otherwise consumed in this state. This presumption may be controverted by a written statement, signed by the purchaser or an authorized representative, and retained by the seller that the property or service was purchased for use at a designated point outside this state. This presumption may also be controverted by other evidence satisfactory to the department that the property or service was not purchased for storage, use or other consumption in this state.
77.53(16)
(16) If the purchase, rental or lease of tangible personal property or service subject to the tax imposed by this section was subject to a sales tax by another state in which the purchase was made, the amount of sales tax paid the other state shall be applied as a credit against and deducted from the tax, to the extent thereof, imposed by this section. In this subsection "sales tax" includes a use or excise tax imposed on the use of tangible personal property or taxable service by the state in which the sale occurred and "state" includes the District of Columbia but does not include the commonwealth of Puerto Rico or the several territories organized by congress.
77.53(17)
(17) This section does not apply to tangible personal property purchased outside this state, other than motor vehicles, boats, snowmobiles, mobile homes not exceeding 45 feet in length, trailers, semitrailers, all-terrain vehicles and airplanes registered or titled or required to be registered or titled in this state, which is brought into this state by a nondomiciliary for the person's own storage, use or other consumption while temporarily within this state when such property is not stored, used or otherwise consumed in this state in the conduct of a trade, occupation, business or profession or in the performance of personal services for wages or fees.
77.53(17m)
(17m) This section does not apply to a boat purchased in a state contiguous to this state by a person domiciled in that state if the boat is berthed in this state's boundary waters adjacent to the state of the domicile of the purchaser and if the transaction was an exempt occasional sale under the laws of the state in which the purchase was made.
77.53(17r)
(17r) This section does not apply to an aircraft if all of the following requirements are fulfilled:
77.53(17r)(b)
(b) Its owner or lessee has paid all of the sales and use taxes imposed in respect to it by the state where it was purchased.
77.53(17r)(c)
(c) If the owner or lessee is a corporation, that corporation, and all corporations with which that corporation may file a consolidated return for federal income tax purposes, neither is organized under the laws of this state nor has real property or other tangible personal property; except aircraft and such property as hangars, accessories, attachments, fuel and parts required for operation of aircraft; in this state at the time the aircraft is registered in this state.
77.53(17r)(d)
(d) If the owner or lessee is a partnership, all of the corporate partners fulfill the requirements under
par. (c) and none of the general partners and none of the limited partners who has management or control responsibilities is domiciled in this state and the partnership has no other tangible personal property and no real property; except aircraft and such property as hangars, accessories, attachments, fuel and parts required for operation of aircraft; in this state at the time the aircraft is registered in this state.
77.53(17r)(dm)
(dm) If the owner or lessee is a limited liability company, all of the corporate members fulfill the requirements under
par. (c) and none of the managers and none of the members who has management or control responsibilities is domiciled in this state and the limited liability company has no other tangible personal property and no real property; except aircraft and such property as hangars, accessories, attachments, fuel and parts required for operation of aircraft; in this state at the time the aircraft is registered in this state.
77.53(17r)(e)
(e) If the owner or lessee is an individual, the owner or lessee is not domiciled in this state.
77.53(17r)(f)
(f) If the owner or lessee is an estate, trust or cooperative; that estate, that trust and its grantor or that cooperative does not have real property or other tangible personal property; except aircraft and such property as hangars, accessories, attachments, fuel and parts required for operation of aircraft; in this state at the time the aircraft is registered in this state.
77.53(17r)(g)
(g) The department has not determined that the owner, if the owner is a corporation, trust, partnership or limited liability company, was formed to qualify for the exception under this subsection.
77.53(18)
(18) This section does not apply to the storage, use or other consumption in this state of household goods for personal use or to aircraft, motor vehicles, boats, snowmobiles, mobile homes, trailers, semitrailers and all-terrain vehicles, for personal use, purchased by a nondomiciliary of this state outside this state 90 days or more before bringing the goods or property into this state in connection with a change of domicile to this state.
77.53 History
History: 1971 c. 125,
211;
1977 c. 29,
418;
1979 c. 1,
174;
1981 c. 317;
1983 a. 2;
1985 a. 29;
1987 a. 27,
268,
399;
1991 a. 39,
316;
1993 a. 16,
112;
1995 a. 27,
209;
1997 a. 27,
41,
237;
1999 a. 31;
2001 a. 109.
77.535
77.535
Increases; building materials. Increases in the rates of the taxes under this subchapter do not apply to building materials purchased by persons engaged in constructing, altering, repairing or improving real estate for others when the materials so purchased by those persons are affixed and made a structural part of real estate in the fulfillment of a written contract for a fixed price not subject to change or modification, or to a formal written bid that cannot be altered or withdrawn, if the contract is entered into or the bid is made before the effective date of the sales and use tax rate increase.
77.535 History
History: 1981 c. 317.
77.54
77.54
General exemptions. There are exempted from the taxes imposed by this subchapter:
77.54(1)
(1) The gross receipts from the sale of and the storage, use or other consumption in this state of tangible personal property and services the gross receipts from the sale of which, or the storage, use or other consumption of which, this state is prohibited from taxing under the constitution or laws of the United States or under the constitution of this state.
77.54(2)
(2) The gross receipts from sales of and the storage, use or other consumption of tangible personal property becoming an ingredient or component part of an article of tangible personal property or which is consumed or destroyed or loses its identity in the manufacture of tangible personal property in any form destined for sale, but this exemption shall not include fuel or electricity.
77.54(2m)
(2m) The gross receipts from the sales of and the storage, use or other consumption of tangible personal property or services that become an ingredient or component of shoppers guides, newspapers or periodicals or that are consumed or lose their identity in the manufacture of shoppers guides, newspapers or periodicals, whether or not the shoppers guides, newspapers or periodicals are transferred without charge to the recipient. In this subsection, "shoppers guides", "newspapers" and "periodicals" have the meanings under
sub. (15). The exemption under this subdivision does not apply to advertising supplements that are not newspapers.
77.54(3)(a)(a) The gross receipts from the sales of and the storage, use or other consumption of tractors and machines, including accessories, attachments and parts therefor, used exclusively and directly in the business of farming, including dairy farming, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and custom farming services, but excluding automobiles, trucks, and other motor vehicles for highway use; excluding personal property that is attached to, fastened to, connected to or built into real property or that becomes an addition to, component of or capital improvement of real property and excluding tangible personal property used or consumed in the erection of buildings or in the alteration, repair or improvement of real property, regardless of any contribution that that personal property makes to the production process in that building or real property and regardless of the extent to which that personal property functions as a machine.
77.54(3)(b)2.
2. "Machine" means an assemblage of parts that transmits force, motion and energy from one part to another in a predetermined manner.
77.54(3)(b)3.
3. "Used exclusively" means used to the exclusion of all other uses except for other use not exceeding 5% of total use.
77.54(3)(c)
(c) For purposes of this subsection, the following items retain their character as tangible personal property, regardless of the extent to which they are fastened to, connected to or built into real property:
77.54(3)(c)8.
8. Milking machines; including piping, pipeline washers and compressors.
77.54(3)(c)9.
9. Powered feeders, excluding platforms and troughs constructed from ordinary building materials.
77.54(3m)
(3m) The gross receipts from the sale of and the storage, use or other consumption of the following items if they are used exclusively by the purchaser or user in the business of farming; including dairy farming, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and custom farming services:
