48.01(2)
(2) In proceedings involving an American Indian child, the best interests of the child shall be determined consistent with the Indian child welfare act,
25 USC 1901 to
1963. In this subsection, "American Indian child" means any unmarried person who is under 18 years of age and who is one of the following:
48.01(2)(b)
(b) Eligible for membership in an Indian tribe and is the biological child of a member of an Indian tribe.
48.01 Annotation
Meaning of "best interests of the child" discussed. Adoption of Tachick, 60 W (2d) 540, 210 NW (2d) 865.
48.01 Annotation
The best interests of a child abandoned by its father prior to its birth require affirmance of the county court order terminating the father's parental rights. State ex rel. Lewis v. Lutheran Social Services, 68 W (2d) 36, 227 NW (2d) 643.
48.01 Annotation
A juvenile court in the disposition of a case subsequent to an adjudication of delinquency, must consider not only the paramount factor of the child's best interests but also the interest of the parents or guardian and the interest of the public. In re Interest of J. K. (a minor), 68 W (2d) 426, 228 NW (2d) 713.
48.01 Annotation
"Paramount consideration" of child's best interest under (2) does not mandate that the child's interests will always outweigh the public's. In Interest of B.B., 166 W (2d) 202, 479 NW (2d) 205 (Ct. App. 1991).
48.01 Annotation
Jurisdictional questions relating to Indian child welfare act discussed. 70 Atty. Gen. 237.
48.01 Annotation
See note to 48.48, citing Roe v. Borup, 500 F Supp. 127 (1980).
48.01 Annotation
Adoption and termination proceedings in Wisconsin: Straining the wisdom of Solomon. Hayes and Morse, 66 MLR 439 (1983).
48.01 Annotation
The Indian child welfare act—tribal self-determination through participation in child custody proceedings. 1979 WLR 1202.
48.02
48.02
Definitions. In this chapter, unless otherwise defined:
48.02(1)
(1) "Abuse", other than when used in referring to abuse of alcohol beverages or other drugs, means any of the following:
48.02(1)(a)
(a) Physical injury inflicted on a child by other than accidental means.
48.02(1)(gm)
(gm) Emotional damage for which the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian has neglected, refused or been unable for reasons other than poverty to obtain the necessary treatment or to take steps to ameliorate the symptoms.
48.02(1d)
(1d) "Adult" means a person who is 18 years of age or older, except that for purposes of investigating or prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated any state or federal criminal law or any civil law or municipal ordinance, "adult" means a person who has attained 17 years of age.
48.02(1e)
(1e) "Alcohol and other drug abuse impairment" means a condition of a person which is exhibited by characteristics of habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs to the extent that the person's health is substantially affected or endangered or the person's social or economic functioning is substantially disrupted.
48.02(2)
(2) "Child" means a person who is less than 18 years of age, except that for purposes of investigating or prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated a state or federal criminal law or any civil law or municipal ordinance, "child" does not include a person who has attained 17 years of age.
48.02(2c)
(2c) "Child caring institution" means a facility operated by a child welfare agency licensed under
s. 48.60 for the care and maintenance of children residing in that facility.
48.02(2g)
(2g) "County department" means a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22 or
46.23, unless the context requires otherwise.
48.02(2m)
(2m) "Court", when used without further qualification, means the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 938.
48.02(3)
(3) "Court intake worker" means any person designated to provide intake services under
s. 48.067.
48.02(4)
(4) "Department" means the department of health and family services.
48.02(5)
(5) "Developmentally disabled" means having a developmental disability, as defined in
s. 51.01 (5).
48.02(5j)
(5j) "Emotional damage" means harm to a child's psychological or intellectual functioning. "Emotional damage" shall be evidenced by one or more of the following characteristics exhibited to a severe degree: anxiety; depression; withdrawal; outward aggressive behavior; or a substantial and observable change in behavior, emotional response or cognition that is not within the normal range for the child's age and stage of development.
48.02(5m)
(5m) "Foreign jurisdiction" means a jurisdiction outside of the United States.
48.02(6)
(6) "Foster home" means any facility that is operated by a person required to be licensed by
s. 48.62 (1) (a) and that provides care and maintenance for no more than 4 children unless all of the children are siblings.
48.02(7)
(7) "Group home" means any facility operated by a person required to be licensed by the department under
s. 48.625 for the care and maintenance of 5 to 8 children.
48.02(8)
(8) "Guardian" means the person named by the court having the duty and authority of guardianship.
48.02(10)
(10) "Judge", if used without further qualification, means the judge of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 938.
48.02(11)
(11) "Legal custodian" means a person, other than a parent or guardian, or an agency to whom legal custody of the child has been transferred by a court, but does not include a person who has only physical custody of the child.
48.02(12)
(12) "Legal custody" means a legal status created by the order of a court, which confers the right and duty to protect, train and discipline the child, and to provide food, shelter, legal services, education and ordinary medical and dental care, subject to the rights, duties and responsibilities of the guardian of the child and subject to any residual parental rights and responsibilities and the provisions of any court order.
48.02(12m)
(12m) "Nonidentifying social history information" means information about a person's birth parent that may aid the person in establishing a sense of identity. "Nonidentifying social history information" may include, but is not limited to, the following information about a birth parent, but does not include any information that would disclose the name, location or identity of a birth parent:
48.02(12m)(h)
(h) Reason for placing the child for adoption or for the termination of parental rights.
48.02(13)
(13) "Parent" means either a biological parent, a husband who has consented to the artificial insemination of his wife under
s. 891.40, or a parent by adoption. If the child is a nonmarital child who is not adopted or whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under
s. 767.60, "parent" includes a person adjudged in a judicial proceeding to be the biological father. "Parent" does not include any person whose parental rights have been terminated.
48.02(14)
(14) "Physical custody" means actual custody of the person in the absence of a court order granting legal custody to the physical custodian.
48.02(14g)
(14g) "Physical injury" includes but is not limited to lacerations, fractured bones, burns, internal injuries, severe or frequent bruising or great bodily harm, as defined in
s. 939.22 (14).
48.02(15)
(15) "Relative" means a parent, grandparent, stepparent, brother, sister, first cousin, nephew, niece, uncle or aunt. This relationship may be by consanguinity or direct affinity.
48.02(16)
(16) "Secure detention facility" means a locked facility approved by the department of corrections under
s. 301.36 for the secure, temporary holding in custody of children.
48.02(17)
(17) "Shelter care facility" means a nonsecure place of temporary care and physical custody for children, including a holdover room, licensed by the department under
s. 48.66 (1).
48.02(17m)
(17m) "Special treatment or care" means professional services which need to be provided to a child or his or her family to protect the well-being of the child, prevent placement of the child outside the home or meet the special needs of the child. This term includes, but is not limited to, medical, psychological or psychiatric treatment, alcohol or other drug abuse treatment or other services which the court finds to be necessary and appropriate.
48.02(17q)
(17q) "Treatment foster home" means any facility that is operated by a person required to be licensed under
s. 48.62 (1) (b), that is operated under the supervision of the department, a county department or a licensed child welfare agency, and that provides to no more than 4 children care, maintenance and structured, professional treatment by trained individuals, including the treatment foster parents.
48.02(18)
(18) "Trial" means a fact-finding hearing to determine jurisdiction.
48.02 History
History: 1971 c. 41 s.
12;
1971 c. 164;
1973 c. 263;
1977 c. 205,
299,
354,
418,
447,
449;
1979 c. 135,
300,
352;
1981 c. 81;
1983 a. 189,
447,
471;
1985 a. 176;
1987 a. 27,
285,
339;
1989 a. 31; Sup. Ct. Order, 151 W (2d) xxv (1989);
1989 a. 107;
1991 a. 39;
1993 a. 98,
375,
377,
385,
446,
491;
1995 a. 27 ss.
2423 to
2426p,
9126 (19),
9145 (1);
1995 a. 77,
275,
352,
448.
48.02 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See s.
46.011 for definitions applicable to chs.
46 to
51,
55 and
58.
48.02 Annotation
See note to 767.24, citing In re Marriage of Westrate v. Westrate, 124 W (2d) 244, 369 NW (2d) 165 (Ct. App. 1985).
48.02 Annotation
Deceased parent under (13) continues to be parent; deceased parent's parents continue to be grandparents. Grandparental Visitation of C.G.F., 168 W (2d) 62, NW (2d) 803 (1992).
48.02 Annotation
A viable fetus is a "person" within the definition of a child under sub. (2). State ex rel. Angela M.W. v. Kruzicki, 197 W (2d) 532, 541 NW (2d) 482 (Ct. App. 1995).
48.02 Annotation
Due process and equal protection; classifications based on illegitimacy. Bazos, 1973 WLR 908.
48.023
48.023
Guardianship. Except as limited by an order of the court under
s. 48.977 (5) (b), a person appointed by the court to be the guardian of a child under this chapter has the duty and authority to make important decisions in matters having a permanent effect on the life and development of the child and the duty to be concerned about the child's general welfare, including but not limited to:
48.023(1)
(1) The authority to consent to marriage, enlistment in the U.S. armed forces, major medical, psychiatric and surgical treatment, and obtaining a motor vehicle operator's license.
48.023(2)
(2) The authority to represent the child in legal actions and make other decisions of substantial legal significance concerning the child but not the authority to deny the child the assistance of counsel as required by this chapter.
48.023(3)
(3) The right and duty of reasonable visitation of the child.
48.023(4)
(4) The rights and responsibilities of legal custody except when legal custody has been vested in another person or when the child is under the supervision of the department of corrections under
s. 938.183,
938.34 (4h),
(4m) or
(4n) or
938.357 (4) or the supervision of a county department under
s. 938.34 (4d) or
(4n).
48.025
48.025
Declaration of paternal interest in matters affecting children. 48.025(1)(1) Any person claiming to be the father of a nonmarital child who is not adopted or whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under
s. 767.60 may, in accordance with procedures under this section, file with the department a declaration of his interest in matters affecting such child.
48.025(2)
(2) The declaration provided in
sub. (1) may be filed at any time except after a termination of the father's rights under
subch. VIII. The declaration shall be in writing, signed by the person filing the declaration and shall contain the person's name and address, the name and last-known address of the mother, the month and year of the birth or expected birth of the child and a statement that he has reason to believe that he may be the father of the child.
48.025(3)
(3) A copy of a declaration filed with the department under
sub. (1) shall be sent to the mother at her last-known address. Nonreceipt of such copy shall not affect the validity of the declaration. The mother may send a written response to the declaration to the department, and the written response shall be filed with the declaration. Failure to send a written response shall not constitute an admission of the statements contained in the declaration.
48.025(4)
(4) Filing a declaration under this section shall not extend parental rights to the person filing such declaration.
48.025 Annotation
The constitutional rights of a a putative father to establish his parentage and assert parental rights. 58 MLR 175.
48.027
48.027
Child custody jurisdiction. All proceedings relating to the custody of children shall comply with the requirements of
ch. 822.
48.027 History
History: 1975 c. 283.
48.028
48.028
Custody of Indian children. The Indian child welfare act,
25 USC 1911 to
1963, supersedes the provisions of this chapter in any child custody proceeding governed by that act.
48.028 History
History: 1981 c. 81.
48.028 Annotation
Where children's code provides additional safeguards, those safeguards should be followed. In Re Interest of D.S.P., 166 W (2d) 464, 480 NW (2d) 234 (1992).
