MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
48.98
48.98
Interstate placement of children. 48.98(1)
(1) No person may bring a child into this state or send a child out of this state for the purpose of placing the child in foster care or treatment foster care or for the purpose of adoption without a certificate from the department that the home is suitable for the child.
48.98(2)(a)(a) Any person, except a county department or licensed child welfare agency, who brings a child into this state for the purpose of placing the child in a foster home or treatment foster home shall, before the child's arrival in this state, file with the department a $1,000 noncancelable bond in favor of this state, furnished by a surety company licensed to do business in this state. The condition of the bond shall be that the child will not become dependent on public funds for his or her primary support before the child reaches age 18 or is adopted.
48.98(2)(b)
(b) By filing the bond required under
par. (a), the person filing the bond and the surety submit to the jurisdiction of the court in the county in which the person resides for purposes of liability on the bond, and appoint the clerk of the court as their agent upon whom any papers affecting their bond liability may be served.
48.98(2)(c)
(c) If upon affidavit of the department it appears to the court that the condition of the bond has been violated, the court shall order the person who filed the bond and the surety to show cause why judgment on the bond should not be entered for the department. If neither the person nor the surety appears for the hearing on the order to show cause, or if the court concludes after the hearing that the condition of the bond has been violated, the court shall enter judgment on the bond for the department against the person who filed the bond and the surety.
48.98(2)(d)
(d) The department shall periodically bill the person who filed the bond and the surety under
s. 46.03 (18) (b) or
46.10 for the cost of care and maintenance of the child until the child is adopted or becomes age 18, whichever is earlier. The guardian and surety shall also be liable under the bond for costs incurred by the department in enforcing the bond.
48.98(2)(e)
(e) The department may waive the bond requirement under
par. (a).
48.98(3)
(3) The person bringing or sending the child into or out of this state shall report to the department, at least once each year and at any other time required by the department, concerning the location and well-being of the child, until the child is 18 years of age or is adopted.
48.98(4)(a)(a) This section applies only to interstate placements of children which are not governed by
s. 48.988.
48.98(4)(b)
(b) Section 48.839 governs the placement of children who are not U.S. citizens and not under agency guardianship who are brought into this state from a foreign jurisdiction for the purpose of adoption.
48.98(5)
(5) The department may promulgate all rules necessary for the enforcement of this section.
48.981
48.981
Abused or neglected children. 48.981(1)(am)
(am) "Caregiver" means, with respect to a child who is the victim or alleged victim of abuse or neglect or who is threatened with abuse or neglect, any of the following persons:
48.981(1)(am)1.
1. The child's parent, grandparent, stepparent, brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, half brother or half sister.
48.981(1)(am)4.
4. A person who resides or has resided regularly or intermittently in the same dwelling as the child.
48.981(1)(am)5.
5. An employe of a residential facility or child caring institution in which the child was or is placed.
48.981(1)(am)6.
6. A person who provides or has provided care for the child in or outside of the child's home.
48.981(1)(am)7.
7. Any other person who exercises or has exercised temporary or permanent control over the child or who temporarily or permanently supervises or has supervised the child.
48.981(1)(am)8.
8. Any relative of the child other than a relative specified in
subd. 1.
48.981(1)(cs)
(cs) "Indian child" means any unmarried person who is under the age of 18 years and is affiliated with an Indian tribe or band in any of the following ways:
48.981(1)(cs)2.
2. As a person who is both eligible for membership in the tribe or band and is the biological child of a member of the tribe or band.
48.981(1)(d)
(d) "Neglect" means failure, refusal or inability on the part of a parent, guardian, legal custodian or other person exercising temporary or permanent control over a child, for reasons other than poverty, to provide necessary care, food, clothing, medical or dental care or shelter so as to seriously endanger the physical health of the child.
48.981(1)(f)
(f) "Record" means any document relating to the investigation, assessment and disposition of a report under this section.
48.981(1)(fm)
(fm) "Relative" means a parent, grandparent, stepparent, brother, sister, first cousin, 2nd cousin, nephew, niece, uncle, aunt, stepgrandparent, stepbrother, stepsister, half brother, half sister, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepuncle or stepaunt.
48.981(1)(g)
(g) "Reporter" means a person who reports suspected abuse or neglect or a belief that abuse or neglect will occur under this section.
48.981(1)(h)
(h) "Subject" means a person named in a report or record as either of the following:
48.981(1)(h)1.
1. A child who is the victim or alleged victim of abuse or neglect or who is threatened with abuse or neglect.
48.981(1)(h)2.
2. A person who is suspected of abuse or neglect or who has been determined to have abused or neglected a child.
48.981(1)(i)
(i) "Tribal agent" means the person designated under
25 CFR 23.12 by an Indian tribe or band to receive notice of involuntary child custody proceedings under the Indian child welfare act,
25 USC 1901 to
1963.
48.981(2)
(2) Persons required to report. A physician, coroner, medical examiner, nurse, dentist, chiropractor, optometrist, acupuncturist, other medical or mental health professional, social worker, marriage and family therapist, professional counselor, public assistance worker, including a financial and employment planner, as defined in
s. 49.141 (1) (d), school teacher, administrator or counselor, mediator under
s. 767.11, child care worker in a day care center or child caring institution, day care provider, alcohol or other drug abuse counselor, member of the treatment staff employed by or working under contract with a county department under
s. 46.23,
51.42 or
51.437, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dietitian, speech-language pathologist, audiologist, emergency medical technician or police or law enforcement officer having reasonable cause to suspect that a child seen in the course of professional duties has been abused or neglected or having reason to believe that a child seen in the course of professional duties has been threatened with abuse or neglect and that abuse or neglect of the child will occur shall, except as provided under
sub. (2m), report as provided in
sub. (3). Any other person, including an attorney, having reason to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected or reason to believe that a child has been threatened with abuse or neglect and that abuse or neglect of the child will occur may make such a report. No person making a report under this subsection may be discharged from employment for so doing.
48.981(2m)
(2m) Exception to reporting requirement. 48.981(2m)(a)(a) The purpose of this subsection is to allow children to obtain confidential health care services.
48.981(2m)(b)2.
2. "Health care service" means family planning services, pregnancy testing, obstetrical health care or screening, diagnosis and treatment for a sexually transmitted disease.
48.981(2m)(c)
(c) Except as provided under
pars. (d) and
(e), the following persons are not required to report as suspected or threatened abuse, as defined in
s. 48.02 (1) (b), sexual intercourse or sexual contact involving a child:
48.981(2m)(c)1.
1. A health care provider who provides any health care service to a child.
48.981(2m)(c)4.
4. A person who obtains information about a child who is receiving or has received health care services from a health care provider.
48.981(2m)(d)
(d) Any person described under
par. (c) 1. or
4. shall report as required under
sub. (2) if he or she has reason to suspect any of the following:
48.981(2m)(d)1.
1. That the sexual intercourse or sexual contact occurred or is likely to occur with a caregiver.
48.981(2m)(d)2.
2. That the child suffered or suffers from a mental illness or mental deficiency that rendered or renders the child temporarily or permanently incapable of understanding or evaluating the consequences of his or her actions.
48.981(2m)(d)3.
3. That the child, because of his or her age or immaturity, was or is incapable of understanding the nature or consequences of sexual intercourse or sexual contact.
48.981(2m)(d)4.
4. That the child was unconscious at the time of the act or for any other reason was physically unable to communicate unwillingness to engage in sexual intercourse or sexual contact.
48.981(2m)(d)5.
5. That another participant in the sexual contact or sexual intercourse was or is exploiting the child.
48.981(2m)(e)
(e) In addition to the reporting requirements under
par. (d), a person described under
par. (c) 1. or
4. shall report as required under
sub. (2) if he or she has any reasonable doubt as to the voluntariness of the child's participation in the sexual contact or sexual intercourse.
48.981(3)(a)(a)
Referral of report. A person required to report under
sub. (2) shall immediately inform, by telephone or personally, the county department or the sheriff or city, village or town police department of the facts and circumstances contributing to a suspicion of child abuse or neglect or to a belief that abuse or neglect will occur. The sheriff or police department shall within 12 hours, exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays or legal holidays, refer to the county department all cases reported to it. The county department may require that a subsequent report be made in writing. Each county department shall adopt a written policy specifying the kinds of reports it will routinely report to local law enforcement authorities.
48.981(3)(b)1.1. Any person reporting under this section may request an immediate investigation by the sheriff or police department if the person has reason to suspect that a child's health or safety is in immediate danger. Upon receiving such a request, the sheriff or police department shall immediately investigate to determine if there is reason to believe that the child's health or safety is in immediate danger and take any necessary action to protect the child.
48.981(3)(b)2.
2. If the investigating officer has reason under
s. 48.19 (1) (c) or
(d) 5. to take a child into custody, the investigating officer shall take the child into custody and deliver the child to the intake worker under
s. 48.20.
48.981(3)(b)3.
3. If the police or other law enforcement officials determine that criminal action is necessary, they shall refer the case to the district attorney for criminal prosecution.
48.981(3)(bm)
(bm)
Notice of report to Indian tribal agent. In a county which has wholly or partially within its boundaries a federally recognized Indian reservation or a bureau of Indian affairs service area for the Winnebago tribe, if a county department which receives a report under
par. (a) pertaining to a child knows that he or she is an Indian child who resides in the county, the county department shall provide notice, which shall consist only of the name and address of the child and the fact that a report has been received about that child, within 24 hours to one of the following:
48.981(3)(bm)1.
1. If the county department knows with which tribe or band the child is affiliated and it is a Wisconsin tribe or band, the tribal agent of that tribe or band.
48.981(3)(bm)2.
2. If the county department does not know with which tribe or band the child is affiliated or the child is not affiliated with a Wisconsin tribe or band, the tribal agent serving the reservation or Winnebago service area where the child resides.
48.981(3)(bm)3.
3. If neither
subd. 1. nor 2. applies, any tribal agent serving a reservation or Winnebago service area in the county.
48.981(3)(c)1.1. Within 24 hours after receiving a report under
par. (a), the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department shall, in accordance with the authority granted to the county department under
s. 48.57 (1) (a), initiate a diligent investigation to determine if the child is in need of protection or services. The investigation shall be conducted in accordance with standards established by the department for conducting child abuse and neglect investigations. If the investigation is of a report of abuse or neglect or threatened abuse or neglect by a caregiver specified in
sub. (1) (am) 5. to
8. who continues to have access to the child or a caregiver specified in
sub. (1) (am) 1. to
4., or of a report that does not disclose who is suspected of the abuse or neglect and in which the investigation does not disclose who abused or neglected the child, the investigation shall also include observation of or an interview with the child, or both, and, if possible, an interview with the child's parents, guardian or legal custodian. If the investigation is of a report of abuse or neglect or threatened abuse or neglect by a caregiver who continues to reside in the same dwelling as the child, the investigation shall also include, if possible, a visit to that dwelling. At the initial visit to the child's dwelling, the person making the investigation shall identify himself or herself and the county department or licensed child welfare agency involved to the child's parents, guardian or legal custodian. The county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department may contact, observe or interview the child at any location without permission from the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian if necessary to determine if the child is in need of protection or services, except that the person making the investigation may enter a child's dwelling only with permission from the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian or after obtaining a court order to do so.
48.981(3)(c)2.a.a. If the person making the investigation is an employe of the county department and he or she determines that it is consistent with the child's best interest in terms of physical safety and physical health to remove the child from his or her home for immediate protection, he or she shall take the child into custody under
s. 48.08 (2) or
48.19 (1) (c) and deliver the child to the intake worker under
s. 48.20.
48.981(3)(c)2.b.
b. If the person making the investigation is an employe of a licensed child welfare agency which is under contract with the county department and he or she determines that any child in the home requires immediate protection, he or she shall notify the county department of the circumstances and together with an employe of the county department shall take the child into custody under
s. 48.08 (2) or
48.19 (1) (c) and deliver the child to the intake worker under
s. 48.20.
48.981(3)(c)3.
3. If the county department determines that a child, any member of the child's family or the child's guardian or legal custodian is in need of services, the county department shall offer to provide appropriate services or to make arrangements for the provision of services. If the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian refuses to accept the services, the county department may request that a petition be filed under
s. 48.13 alleging that the child who is the subject of the report or any other child in the home is in need of protection or services.
48.981(3)(c)4.
4. The county department shall determine, within 60 days after receipt of a report, whether abuse or neglect has occurred or is likely to occur. The determination shall be based on a preponderance of the evidence produced by the investigation. A determination that abuse or neglect has occurred may not be based solely on the fact that the child's parent, guardian or legal custodian in good faith selects and relies on prayer or other religious means for treatment of disease or for remedial care of the child. In making a determination that emotional damage has occurred, the county department shall give due regard to the culture of the subjects and shall establish that the person alleged to be responsible for the emotional damage is neglecting, refusing or unable for reasons other than poverty to remedy the harm. This subdivision does not prohibit a court from ordering medical services for the child if the child's health requires it.
48.981(3)(c)5.
5. The county department and licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department shall maintain a record of its actions in connection with each report it receives. The record shall include a description of the services provided to any child and to the parents, guardian or legal custodian of the child. The county department and licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department shall update the record every 6 months until the case is closed.
48.981(3)(c)6.
6. The county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department shall, within 60 days after it receives a report from a person required under
sub. (2) to report, inform the reporter what action, if any, was taken to protect the health and welfare of the child who is the subject of the report.
48.981(3)(c)6m.
6m. If a person who is not required under
sub. (2) to report makes a report and is a relative of the child, other than the child's parent, that person may make a written request to the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department for information regarding what action, if any, was taken to protect the health and welfare of the child who is the subject of the report. A county department or licensed child welfare agency that receives a written request under this subdivision shall, within 60 days after it receives the report or 20 days after it receives the written request, whichever is later, inform the reporter in writing of what action, if any, was taken to protect the health and welfare of the child, unless a court order prohibits that disclosure, and of the duty to keep the information confidential under
sub. (7) (e) and the penalties for failing to do so under
sub. (7) (f). The county department or licensed child welfare agency may petition the court ex parte for an order prohibiting that disclosure and, if the county department or licensed child welfare agency does so, the time period within which the information must be disclosed is tolled on the date the petition is filed and remains tolled until the court issues a decision. The court may hold an ex parte hearing in camera and shall issue an order granting the petition if the court determines that disclosure of the information would not be in the best interests of the child.
48.981(3)(c)7.
7. The county department shall cooperate with law enforcement officials, courts of competent jurisdiction, tribal governments and other human service agencies to prevent, identify and treat child abuse and neglect. The county department shall coordinate the development and provision of services to abused and neglected children and to families where abuse or neglect has occurred or to children and families where circumstances justify a belief that abuse or neglect will occur.
48.981(3)(c)8.
8. Using the format prescribed by the department, each county department shall provide the department with information about each report that it receives or that is received by a licensed child welfare agency that is under contract with the county department and about each investigation it or a licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department conducts. This information shall be used by the department to monitor services provided by county departments or licensed child welfare agencies under contract with county departments. The department shall use nonidentifying information to maintain statewide statistics on child abuse and neglect, and for planning and policy development.
48.981(3)(c)9.
9. The county agency may petition for child abuse restraining orders and injunctions under
s. 48.25 (6).
48.981(3)(cm)
(cm)
Contract with licensed child welfare agencies. A county department may contract with a licensed child welfare agency to fulfill its duties specified under
par. (c) 1.,
2. b.,
5.,
6.,
6m. and
8. The confidentiality provisions specified in
sub. (7) shall apply to any licensed child welfare agency with which a county department contracts.
48.981(3)(d)1.1. In this paragraph, "agent" includes, but is not limited to, a foster parent, treatment foster parent or other person given custody of a child or a human services professional employed by a county department under
s. 51.42 or
51.437 who is working with the child under contract with or under the supervision of the county department under
s. 46.215 or
46.22.
48.981(3)(d)2.
2. If an agent or employe of a county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department required to investigate under this subsection is the subject of a report, or if the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department determines that, because of the relationship between the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department and the subject of a report, there is a substantial probability that the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department would not conduct an unbiased investigation, the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department shall, after taking any action necessary to protect the child, notify the department. Upon receipt of the notice, the department or a county department or child welfare agency designated by the department shall conduct an independent investigation. If the department designates a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 or
51.437, that county department shall conduct the independent investigation. If a licensed child welfare agency agrees to conduct the independent investigation, the department may designate that agency to do so. The powers and duties of the department or designated county department or child welfare agency making an independent investigation are those given to county departments under
par. (c).
48.981(4)
(4) Immunity from liability. Any person or institution participating in good faith in the making of a report, conducting an investigation, ordering or taking of photographs or ordering or performing medical examinations of a child under this section shall have immunity from any liability, civil or criminal, that results by reason of the action. For the purpose of any proceeding, civil or criminal, the good faith of any person reporting under this section shall be presumed. The immunity provided under this subsection does not apply to liability for abusing or neglecting a child.
48.981(5)
(5) Coroner's report. Any person or official required to report cases of suspected child abuse or neglect who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child died as a result of child abuse or neglect shall report the fact to the appropriate medical examiner or coroner. The medical examiner or coroner shall accept the report for investigation and shall report the findings to the appropriate district attorney, the department, the county department and, if the institution making the report initially is a hospital, to the hospital.
48.981(6)
(6) Penalty. Whoever intentionally violates this section by failure to report as required may be fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned not more than 6 months or both.
48.981(7)(a)(a) All reports made under this section, notices provided under
sub. (3) (bm) and records maintained by the department, county departments or licensed child welfare agencies under contract with the county departments and other persons, officials and institutions shall be confidential. Reports and records may be disclosed only to the following persons:
48.981(7)(a)1.
1. The subject of a report, except that the person or agency maintaining the record or report may not disclose any information that would identify the reporter.
48.981(7)(a)1m.
1m. A reporter described in
sub. (3) (c) 6m. who makes a written request to the county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county department for information regarding what action, if any, was taken to protect the health and welfare of the child who is the subject of the report, unless a court order under
sub. (3) (c) 6m. prohibits disclosure of that information to that reporter, except that the only information that may be disclosed is information in the record regarding what action, if any, was taken to protect the health and welfare of the child who is the subject of the report.
48.981(7)(a)2.
2. Appropriate staff of the department, a county department or licensed child welfare agency under contract with the county departments, or a tribal social services department.
