946.15
946.15
Public construction contracts at less than full rate. 946.15(1)(1) Any employer, or any agent or employe of an employer, who induces any person who seeks to be or is employed pursuant to a public contract as defined in
s. 66.29 (1) (c) or who seeks to be or is employed on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued by the department of industry, labor and job development under
s. 66.293 (3),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) or by a local governmental unit, as defined in
s. 66.293 (1) (d), under
s. 66.293 (6) to give up, waive or return any part of the compensation to which that person is entitled under his or her contract of employment or under the prevailing wage rate determination issued by the department or local governmental unit, or who reduces the hourly basic rate of pay normally paid to an employe for work on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has not been issued under
s. 66.293 (3) or
(6),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) during a week in which the employe works both on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued and on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has not been issued, is guilty of a Class E felony.
946.15(2)
(2) Any person employed pursuant to a public contract as defined in
s. 66.29 (1) (c) or employed on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued by the department of industry, labor and job development under
s. 66.293 (3),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) or by a local governmental unit, as defined in
s. 66.293 (1) (d), under
s. 66.293 (6) who gives up, waives or returns to the employer or agent of the employer any part of the compensation to which the employe is entitled under his or her contract of employment or under the prevailing wage determination issued by the department or local governmental unit, or who gives up any part of the compensation to which he or she is normally entitled for work on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has not been issued under
s. 66.293 (3) or
(6),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) during a week in which the person works part-time on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued and part-time on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has not been issued, is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor.
946.15(3)
(3) Any employer or labor organization, or any agent or employe of an employer or labor organization, who induces any person who seeks to be or is employed on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued by the department of industry, labor and job development under
s. 66.293 (3),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) or by a local governmental unit, as defined in
s. 66.293 (1) (d), under
s. 66.293 (6) to permit any part of the wages to which that person is entitled under the prevailing wage rate determination issued by the department or local governmental unit to be deducted from the person's pay is guilty of a Class E felony, unless the deduction would be permitted under
29 CFR 3.5 or
3.6 from a person who is working on a project that is subject to
40 USC 276c.
946.15(4)
(4) Any person employed on a project on which a prevailing wage rate determination has been issued by the department of industry, labor and job development under
s. 66.293 (3),
103.49 (3) or
103.50 (3) or by a local governmental unit, as defined in
s. 66.293 (1) (d), under
s. 66.293 (6) who permits any part of the wages to which that person is entitled under the prevailing wage rate determination issued by the department or local governmental unit to be deducted from his or her pay is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor, unless the deduction would be permitted under
29 CFR 3.5 or
3.6 from a person who is working on a project that is subject to
40 USC 276c.
946.16
946.16
Judicial officer collecting claims. Any judicial officer who causes to be brought in a court over which the officer presides any action or proceeding upon a claim placed with the officer as agent or attorney for collection is guilty of a Class B misdemeanor.
946.16 History
History: 1977 c. 173.
946.17
946.17
Corrupt means to influence legislation; disclosure of interest. Any person who gives or agrees or offers to give anything of value to any person, for the service of such person or of any other person in procuring the passage or defeat of any measure before the legislature or before either house or any committee thereof, upon the contingency or condition of the passage or defeat of the measure, or who receives, or agrees to receive anything of value for such service, upon any such contingency or condition, or who, having a pecuniary or other interest, or acting as the agent or attorney of any person in procuring or attempting to procure the passage or defeat of any measure before the legislature or before either house or any committee thereof, attempts in any manner to influence any member of the legislature for or against the measure, without first making known to the member the real and true interest he or she has in the measure, either personally or as such agent or attorney, is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
946.17 History
History: 1977 c. 278 s.
1; Stats. 1977 s. 946.17;
1993 a. 213.
946.18
946.18
Misconduct sections apply to all public officers. Sections 946.10 to
946.17 apply to public officers, whether legally constituted or exercising powers as if legally constituted.
946.18 History
History: 1977 c. 278;
1979 c. 110.
PERJURY AND FALSE SWEARING.
946.31(1)(1) Whoever under oath or affirmation orally makes a false material statement which the person does not believe to be true, in any matter, cause, action or proceeding, before any of the following, whether legally constituted or exercising powers as if legally constituted, is guilty of a Class D felony:
946.31(1)(d)
(d) An administrative agency or arbitrator authorized by statute to determine issues of fact;
946.31(1)(e)
(e) A notary public while taking testimony for use in an action or proceeding pending in court;
946.31(1)(f)
(f) An officer authorized to conduct inquests of the dead;
946.31(2)
(2) It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the perjured testimony was corrected or retracted.
946.31 History
History: 1977 c. 173;
1979 c. 110.
946.31 Annotation
Arbitrator selected from list provided by WERC is authorized by s. 111.10 to arbitrate as provided in ch. 298, 1977 stats. [now ch. 788] and so is "authorized by statute" within meaning of s. 946.31 (1) (d). Layton School of Art & Design v. WERC, 82 W (2d) 324, 262 NW (2d) 218.
946.31 Annotation
Perjury consists of a false statement which the defendant knew was false, was made under oath in a proceeding before a judge and was material to the proceeding. Materiality is determined by whether the trial court could have relied on the testimony in making a decision, not on whether it actually did. State v. Munz, 198 W (2d) 379, 541 NW (2d) 821 (Ct. App. 1995).
946.31 Annotation
Perjury prosecutions after acquittals. Shellenberger. 71 MLR 703 (1988).
946.32(1)(1) Whoever does either of the following is guilty of a Class D felony:
946.32(1)(a)
(a) Under oath or affirmation makes or subscribes a false statement which he or she does not believe is true, when such oath or affirmation is authorized or required by law or is required by any public officer or governmental agency as a prerequisite to such officer or agency taking some official action.
946.32(1)(b)
(b) Makes or subscribes 2 inconsistent statements under oath or affirmation in regard to any matter respecting which an oath or affirmation is, in each case, authorized or required by law or required by any public officer or governmental agency as a prerequisite to such officer or agency taking some official action, under circumstances which demonstrate that the witness or subscriber knew at least one of the statements to be false when made. The period of limitations within which prosecution may be commenced runs from the time of the first statement.
946.32(2)
(2) Whoever under oath or affirmation makes or subscribes a false statement which the person does not believe is true is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
946.32 History
History: 1977 c. 173;
1993 a. 486.
946.32 Annotation
This section also applies to oral statement. Mere fact that statement is permitted by law does not mean it is "authorized by law" within meaning of (1) (a). State v. Devitt, 82 W (2d) 262, 262 NW (2d) 73.
946.32 Annotation
The reference to the statute of limitations under sub. (1) (b) does not make it an element of the offense. The statute of limitations is an affirmative defense and is subject to tolling under s. 939.74. State v. Slaughter, 200 W (2d) 190, 546 NW (2d) 490 (Ct. App. 1996).
946.32 Annotation
What is to be "authorized or required" under sub. (1) (b) is the oath itself not the matter respecting which the oath is taken. State v. Slaughter, 200 W (2d) 190, 546 NW (2d) 490 (Ct. App. 1996).
INTERFERENCE WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT.
946.40
946.40
Refusing to aid officer. 946.40(1)
(1) Whoever, without reasonable excuse, refuses or fails, upon command, to aid any person known by the person to be a peace officer is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor.
946.40(2)
(2) This section does not apply if under the circumstances the officer was not authorized to command such assistance.
946.40 History
History: 1977 c. 173.
946.40 Annotation
See note to 343.305, citing 68 Atty. Gen. 209.
946.40 Annotation
In certain circumstances peace officer may command medical staff at hospital or clinic to gather evidence from sexual assault victim.
72 Atty. Gen. 107.
946.41
946.41
Resisting or obstructing officer. 946.41(1)
(1) Whoever knowingly resists or obstructs an officer while such officer is doing any act in an official capacity and with lawful authority, is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
946.41(2)(a)
(a) "Obstructs" includes without limitation knowingly giving false information to the officer or knowingly placing physical evidence with intent to mislead the officer in the performance of his or her duty including the service of any summons or civil process.
946.41(2)(b)
(b) "Officer" means a peace officer or other public officer or public employe having the authority by virtue of the officer's or employe's office or employment to take another into custody.
946.41(2m)
(2m) Whoever violates
sub. (1) under all of the following circumstances is guilty of a Class D felony:
946.41(2m)(a)
(a) The violator gives false information or places physical evidence with intent to mislead an officer.
946.41(2m)(b)
(b) At a criminal trial, the trier of fact considers the false information or physical evidence.
946.41(2m)(c)
(c) The trial results in the conviction of an innocent person.
946.41(3)
(3) Whoever by violating this section hinders, delays or prevents an officer from properly serving or executing any summons or civil process, is civilly liable to the person injured for any actual loss caused thereby and to the officer or the officer's superior for any damages adjudged against either of them by reason thereof.
946.41 Annotation
State must prove that accused knew officer was acting in official capacity and knew officer was acting with lawful authority when accused allegedly resisted or obstructed officer. State v. Lossman, 118 W (2d) 526, 348 NW (2d) 159 (1984).
946.41 Annotation
Defendant's refusal to identify self did not obstruct officer. State v. Hamilton, 120 W (2d) 532, 356 NW (2d) 169 (1984).
946.41 Annotation
Knowingly providing false information with intent to mislead is obstruction as matter of law. State v. Caldwell, 154 W (2d) 683, 454 NW (2d) 13 (Ct. App. 1990).
946.41 Annotation
No law allows officers to arrest for obstruction on a person's refusal to give his or her name. Mere silence is insufficient to constitute obstruction. Henes v. Morrissey, 194 W (2d) 339, 533 NW (2d) 802 (1995).
946.41 Annotation
Fleeing and hiding from an officer may constitute obstructing. State v. Grobstick, 200 W (2d) 242, 546 NW (2d) 494 (1996).
946.415
946.415
Failure to comply with officer's attempt to take person into custody. 946.415(2)
(2) Whoever intentionally does all of the following is guilty of a Class E felony:
946.415(2)(a)
(a) Refuses to comply with an officer's lawful attempt to take him or her into custody.
946.415(2)(b)
(b) Retreats or remains in a building or place and, through action or threat, attempts to prevent the officer from taking him or her into custody.
946.415(2)(c)
(c) While acting under
pars. (a) and
(b), remains or becomes armed with a dangerous weapon or threatens to use a dangerous weapon regardless of whether he or she has a dangerous weapon.
946.415 History
History: 1995 a. 93.
946.42(1)(a)
(a) "Custody" includes without limitation actual custody of an institution, including a secured correctional facility, as defined in
s. 938.02 (15m), a secured child caring institution, as defined in
s. 938.02 (15g), a secure detention facility, as defined in
s. 938.02 (16), a Type 2 child caring institution, as defined in
s. 938.02 (19r), or a juvenile portion of a county jail, or of a peace officer or institution guard and constructive custody of prisoners and juveniles subject to an order under
s. 48.366,
938.183,
938.34 (4d),
(4h) or
(4m) or
938.357 (4) or
(5) (e) temporarily outside the institution whether for the purpose of work, school, medical care, a leave granted under
s. 303.068, a temporary leave or furlough granted to a juvenile or otherwise. Under
s. 303.08 (6) it means, without limitation, that of the sheriff of the county to which the prisoner was transferred after conviction. It does not include the custody of a probationer or parolee by the department of corrections or a probation or parole officer or the custody of a person who has been released to aftercare supervision under
ch. 938 unless the person is in actual custody or is subject to a confinement order under
s. 973.09 (4).
946.42(1)(b)
(b) "Escape" means to leave in any manner without lawful permission or authority.
946.42(1)(c)
(c) "Legal arrest" includes without limitation an arrest pursuant to process fair on its face notwithstanding insubstantial irregularities and also includes taking a child into custody under
s. 938.19.
946.42(2)
(2) A person in custody who intentionally escapes from custody under any of the following circumstances is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor:
946.42(2)(a)
(a) Pursuant to a legal arrest for or lawfully charged with or convicted of a violation of a statutory traffic regulation, a statutory offense for which the penalty is a forfeiture or a municipal ordinance.
946.42(2)(b)
(b) Lawfully taken into custody under
s. 938.19 for a violation of or lawfully alleged or adjudged under
ch. 938 to have violated a statutory traffic regulation, a statutory provision for which the penalty is a forfeiture or a municipal ordinance.
946.42(2)(c)
(c) Pursuant to a civil arrest or body execution.
946.42(3)
(3) A person in custody who intentionally escapes from custody under any of the following circumstances is guilty of a Class D felony:
946.42(3)(a)
(a) Pursuant to a legal arrest for, lawfully charged with or convicted of or sentenced for a crime.
946.42(3)(b)
(b) Lawfully taken into custody under
s. 938.19 for or lawfully alleged or adjudged under
ch. 938 to be delinquent on the basis of a violation of a criminal law.
946.42(3)(e)
(e) In custody under the circumstances described in
sub. (2) and leaves the state to avoid apprehension. Leaving the state and failing to return is prima facie evidence of intent to avoid apprehension.
946.42(3)(f)
(f) Pursuant to a legal arrest as a fugitive from justice in another state.
946.42(3)(g)
(g) Committed to the department of health and family services under
ch. 971 or
975.
946.42(4)(a)(a) Except as provided in
par. (b), a court shall impose a sentence under this section consecutive to any sentence previously imposed or which may be imposed for any crime or offense for which the person was in custody when he or she escaped.
946.42(4)(b)
(b) If the person escaped while serving a sentence to the intensive sanctions program, a court may impose a sentence under this section concurrent to the sentence to the intensive sanctions program.
946.42 History
History: 1971 c. 164 s.
89;
1975 c. 39;
1977 c. 173,
312,
354,
418;
1985 a. 320;
1987 a. 27,
238,
352;
1987 a. 403 ss.
238,
239,
256;
1989 a. 31;
1993 a. 16,
377,
385,
491;
1995 a. 27 ss.
7233m,
7233p,
9126 (19);
1995 a. 77,
154,
352,
390.
946.42 Annotation
There is no denial of equal protection in the punishment under (3) (d) of persons committed under the sex crimes law where persons civilly committed are not subject to the same statute, because although both have a need for specialized care and treatment, only defendants convicted of crimes and recommended for commitment by the H&SS department may be sentenced under the Sex Crimes Act, thus affording a rational basis for the disparate treatment. State v. Neutz, 69 W (2d) 292, 230 NW (2d) 806.
