990.01(7r)
(7r) Fire fighter. "Fire fighter" includes a person serving under
s. 61.66.
990.01(8)
(8) Folio. "Folio" means 100 words or figures. Any fraction of a folio shall be paid for as a full folio.
990.01(9)
(9) Following. "Following," when used by way of reference to any statute section, means the section next following that in which the reference is made.
990.01(9a)
(9a) Freeway. "Freeway" means a highway with full control of access and with all crossroads separated in grade from the pavements for through traffic.
990.01(10)
(10) Grantor and grantee. "Grantor" includes every person from or by whom any freehold estate or interest passes in or by any deed; and "grantee" includes every person to whom any such estate or interest passes in like manner.
990.01(11)
(11) Heretofore and hereafter. "Heretofore" means any time previous to the day on which the statute containing it takes effect; "hereafter" means the time after the statute containing such word takes effect.
990.01(12)
(12) Highway. "Highway" includes all public ways and thoroughfares and all bridges upon the same.
990.01(13)(a)(a) The word "homestead" means the dwelling and so much of the land surrounding it as is reasonably necessary for use of the dwelling as a home, but not less than one-fourth acre (if available) and not exceeding 40 acres.
990.01(13)(b)
(b) Any amendment of a homestead statute shall not affect liens of creditors attaching nor rights of devisees or heirs of persons dying prior to the effective date of the amendment.
990.01(14)
(14) Homestead exemption. "Exempt homestead" means the dwelling, including a building, condominium, mobile home, house trailer or cooperative, and so much of the land surrounding it as is reasonably necessary for its use as a home, but not less than 0.25 acre, if available, and not exceeding 40 acres, within the limitation as to value under
s. 815.20, except as to liens attaching or rights of devisees or heirs of persons dying before the effective date of any increase of that limitation as to value.
990.01(15)
(15) Inhabitant. "Inhabitant" means a resident.
990.01(16)
(16) Insane persons. "Insane persons" include every idiot, non compos, lunatic and distracted person.
990.01(17)
(17) Issue. "Issue," as applied to descent of estate, includes all the lawful descendants of the ancestor.
990.01(17m)
(17m) Judge. "Judge" does not include a municipal judge, except as provided in
ch. 755.
990.01(18)
(18) Land. "Land" includes lands, tenements and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein.
990.01(19)
(19) Legacy, legatee. "Legacy" includes a devise; "legatee" includes a devisee.
990.01(19m)
(19m) Marital child. "Marital child" means either of the following:
990.01(19m)(a)
(a) A child who is conceived or born while his or her parents are lawfully intermarried.
990.01(19m)(b)
(b) A nonmarital child who is adopted or whose parents subsequently intermarry under
s. 767.60.
990.01(20)
(20) Minor. "Minor" means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years, except that for purposes of investigating or prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated a state or federal criminal law or any civil law or municipal ordinance, "minor" does not include a person who has attained the age of 17 years.
990.01(21)
(21) Month. "Month" means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed.
990.01(22)
(22) Municipality. "Municipality" includes cities and villages; it may be construed to include towns.
990.01(23)
(23) Nighttime. "Nighttime," used in any statute, ordinance, indictment or information, means the time between one hour after sunset on one day and one hour before sunrise on the following day; and the time of sunset and sunrise shall be ascertained according to the mean solar time of the ninetieth meridian west from Greenwich, commonly known as central time, as given in any almanac.
990.01(23m)
(23m) Nonmarital child. "Nonmarital child" means a child who is neither conceived nor born while his or her parents are lawfully intermarried, who is not adopted and whose parents do not subsequently intermarry under
s. 767.60.
990.01(24)
(24) Oath. "Oath" includes affirmation in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath. If any oath or affirmation is required to be taken such oath or affirmation shall be taken before and administered by some officer authorized by the laws of this state to administer oaths, at the place where the same is required to be taken or administered, unless otherwise expressly directed, and, when necessary, duly certified by such officer. If an oath is administered it shall end with the words "so help me God". In actions and proceedings in the courts, a person may take an oath or affirmation in communication with the administering officer by telephone or audio-visual means.
990.01(25)
(25) Officers. "Officers" when applied to corporations include directors and trustees.
990.01(25g)
(25g) Optical disk. "Optical disk" means a rotating circular plate on which information or images are placed in storage, and which is recorded and read by laser beams focused on the plate.
990.01(25r)
(25r) Optical imaging. "Optical imaging" means transferring to a format employing an optical disk.
990.01(26)
(26) Person. "Person" includes all partnerships, associations and bodies politic or corporate.
990.01(27)
(27) Personal property. "Personal property" includes money, goods, chattels, things in action, evidences of debt and energy.
990.01(28)
(28) Physician, surgeon or osteopath. "Physician," "surgeon" or "osteopath" means a person holding a license or certificate of registration from the medical examining board.
990.01(28g)
(28g) Police chief. "Police chief" or "chief of a police department" includes the chief of a department under
s. 61.66.
990.01(28m)
(28m) Police department. "Police department" includes a department under
s. 61.66.
990.01(28r)
(28r) Police officer. "Police officer" includes a person serving under
s. 61.66.
990.01(29)
(29) Population. "Population" means that shown by the most recent regular or special federal census.
990.01(30)
(30) Preceding. "Preceding," when used by way of reference to any statute section, means the section next preceding that in which the reference is made.
990.01(30m)
(30m) Promulgate. "Promulgate", when used in connection with a rule, as defined under
s. 227.01 (13), means to repeal; renumber; consolidate, renumber and amend; renumber and amend; amend; repeal and recreate; or create.
990.01(31)
(31) Property. "Property" includes real and personal property.
990.01(32)
(32) Publication. "Publication" in a newspaper of any notice or other matter indicated to be for a stated number of weeks means one insertion each week, unless specifically stated to be for more than one day in each week.
990.01(33)
(33) Qualified. "Qualified", when applied to any person elected or appointed to office, means that such person has done those things which the person was by law required to do before entering upon the duties of the person's office.
990.01(34)
(34) Railroad corporation. "Railroad corporation" and "railroad company" include any person managing, maintaining, operating or in possession of a railroad, whether as owner, contractor, lessee, mortgagee, trustee, assignee or receiver.
990.01(35)
(35) Real estate or real property. "Real estate" or "real property" includes lands, tenements and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein.
990.01(36)
(36) Recorded. If any instrument is required to be recorded by any officer or in any office it must be recorded in a suitable book kept for that purpose unless otherwise expressly directed.
990.01(37)
(37) Seal. Except for the sealing of instruments by persons required to have and use official seals, "seal" includes the word "seal", the letters "L S" and a scroll or other device intended to represent a seal, if any is affixed in the proper place for a seal, as well as an impression of a seal on the instrument. An instrument executed in the corporate name, by the proper officers of a corporation, under any seal is sealed even though the corporate seal is not used. If the seal of any court or public officer is required to be affixed to any paper issuing from such court or officer "seal" includes an impression of such official seal made upon the paper alone.
990.01(38)
(38) Signature. If the signature of any person is required by law it shall always be the handwriting of such person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's mark or the person's name written by some other person at the person's request and in the person's presence.
990.01(40)
(40) State. "State," when applied to states of the United States, includes the District of Columbia, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the several territories organized by Congress.
990.01(41)
(41) Sworn. "Sworn" includes "affirmed" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath.
990.01(42)
(42) Town. "Town" may be construed to include cities, villages, wards or districts.
990.01(43)
(43) Town board. "Town board" means the town board of supervisors.
990.01(44)
(44) United States. "United States" includes the District of Columbia, the states, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the territories organized by congress.
990.01(45)
(45) Village. "Village" means incorporated village.
990.01(46)
(46) Week. "Week" means 7 consecutive days.
990.01(47)
(47) Will. "Will" includes codicils as well as wills.
990.01(48)
(48) Written or in writing. "Written" or "in writing" includes any representation of words, letters, symbols or figures. This subsection does not affect any law relating to signatures.
990.01(49)
(49) Year. "Year" means a calendar year, unless otherwise expressed; "year" alone means "year of our Lord".
990.01 History
History: 1971 c. 164 ss.
80,
91;
1971 c. 213 s.
5; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 784;
1977 c. 305;
1979 c. 169;
1981 c. 291,
391;
1983 a. 447;
1985 a. 65,
182,
332; Sup. Ct. Order, 141 W (2d) xiii (1987);
1987 a. 399;
1989 a. 56,
278;
1991 a. 39;
1993 a. 486;
1995 a. 27 ss.
7294,
7295,
9126 (19);
1995 a. 77,
352.
990.01 Annotation
Statutory construction requires that a law be construed so that no word or clause is surplusage. Johnson v. State, 76 W (2d) 672, 251 NW (2d) 834.
990.01 Annotation
Applicable meaning of words in insurance policies should be determined by meaning given them by informed persons, not by "man in the street". Hochgurtel v. San Felippo, 78 W (2d) 70, 253 NW (2d) 526.
990.01 Annotation
Word "relative" has peculiar meaning in the law and so is construed to mean "blood relative". In re Estate of Haese, 80 W (2d) 285, 259 NW (2d) 54.
990.01 Annotation
Sub. (38) did not prevent delegation of authority to sign annexation petition on behalf of property owner. Town of Medary v. City of La Crosse, 88 W (2d) 101, 277 NW (2d) 310 (Ct. App. 1979).
990.01 Annotation
Oaths, affirmations, notary publics and jurats discussed. 60 Atty. Gen. 429.
990.02
990.02
Construing statutes of 1898. 990.02(1)
(1) All references to chapters or sections in the statutes of 1898 are to the chapters and sections of those statutes.
990.02(2)
(2) If the provisions of different chapters of the statutes of 1898 conflict with or contravene each other the provisions of each chapter shall prevail as to all matters and questions growing out of the subject matter of such chapter.
990.02(3)
(3) If conflicting provisions are found in different sections of the same chapter of the statutes of 1898 the provisions of the section which is last in numerical order shall prevail unless such construction is inconsistent with the meaning of such chapter.
990.02 History
History: 1979 c. 89.
990.03
990.03
Effect of repeals. 990.03(1)(1) No law repealed by a subsequent act of the legislature is revived or affected by the repeal of such repealing act.
990.03(2)
(2) The repeal of a curative or validating law does not impair or affect any cure or validation previously effected thereby.
990.03(3)
(3) No section, subsection or paragraph of Wisconsin Statutes is repealed or affected by the repeal of any session law from which it was in whole or in part derived.
990.03(4)
(4) The repeal, express or implied, of any law already repealed, expressly or by implication, does not constitute or supply a declaration or implication that such law was in force or was valid for any purpose at any time subsequent to such prior repeal.
990.04
990.04
Actions pending not defeated by repeal of statute. The repeal of a statute hereafter shall not remit, defeat or impair any civil or criminal liability for offenses committed, penalties or forfeitures incurred or rights of action accrued under such statute before the repeal thereof, whether or not in course of prosecution or action at the time of such repeal; but all such offenses, penalties, forfeitures and rights of action created by or founded on such statute, liability wherefore shall have been incurred before the time of such repeal thereof, shall be preserved and remain in force notwithstanding such repeal, unless specially and expressly remitted, abrogated or done away with by the repealing statute. And criminal prosecutions and actions at law or in equity founded upon such repealed statute, whether instituted before or after the repeal thereof, shall not be defeated or impaired by such repeal but shall, notwithstanding such repeal, proceed to judgment in the same manner and to the like purpose and effect as if the repealed statute continued in full force to the time of final judgment thereon, unless the offenses, penalties, forfeitures or rights of action on which such prosecutions or actions shall be founded shall be specially and expressly remitted, abrogated or done away with by such repealing statute.
990.04 Annotation
This section also applies to statutes which are amended after the commission of an alleged criminal act although before trial. Truesdale v. State, 60 W (2d) 481, 210 NW (2d) 726.
990.04 Annotation
See note to 973.013, citing State v. Hegwood, 113 W (2d) 544, 335 NW (2d) 399 (1983).
990.04 Annotation
Absent legislative intent to the contrary, repeal of statute governing appeals of tax assessments did not affect taxpayer whose right to appeal under statute accrued prior to its repeal. Jackson County Iron Co. v. Musolf, 134 W (2d) 95, 396 NW (2d) 323 (1986).
990.04 Annotation
Counties are liable for proportionate share of tax certified to them prior to repeal of 59.07 (21) by sec. 300m of ch. 90, laws of 1973. 63 Atty. Gen. 300.
990.06
990.06
Repeal or change of law limiting time for bringing actions. In any case when a limitation or period of time prescribed in any act which shall be repealed for the acquiring of any right, or barring of any remedy, or for any other purpose shall have begun to run before such repeal and the repealing act shall provide any limitation or period of time for such purpose, such latter limitation or period shall apply only to such rights or remedies as shall accrue subsequently to the time when the repealing act shall take effect, and the act repealed shall be held to continue in force and be operative to determine all such limitations and periods of time which shall have previously begun to run unless such repealing act shall otherwise expressly provide.
990.06 Annotation
See note to 893.88, citing In re Paternity of DLT. 137 W (2d) 57, 403 NW (2d) 434 (1987).
990.06 Annotation
Retroactivity of statutes of limitations discussed. Betthauser v. Medical Protective Co. 172 W (2d) 141, 493 NW (2d) 40 (1992).
990.06 Annotation
"Repeal" in this section includes "amendment". Poquette v. Community State Bank, 631 F Supp. 1480 (1986).
990.07
990.07
Evidence. The Wisconsin statutes as prepared under
s. 35.18 shall be prima facie evidence in all courts and proceedings as provided by
s. 889.01; but they shall not preclude reference to, nor control, in case of any discrepancy, any original act of the legislature; and the certified volumes of the Laws of Wisconsin provided for by
s. 35.15 shall also and in the same degree be prima facie evidence in all courts and proceedings.
990.07 History
History: 1981 c. 372 s.
8; Stats. 1981 s. 990.08;
1983 a. 192 s.
287; Stats. 1983 s. 990.07;
1991 a. 39.
990.08
990.08
Citation of supreme court rules. When a supreme court rule is cited within the statutes, the reference shall be to the SCR number, such as "words and phrases specified in
SCR 99.02".
990.08 History
History: 1983 a. 192.
