WAGE PAYMENTS, CLAIMS AND COLLECTIONS
109.03 When wages payable; pay orders.
109.07 Mergers, liquidations, dispositions, relocations or cessation of operations affecting employes; advance notice required.
109.075 Cessation of health care benefits affecting employes, retirees and dependents; advance notice required.
109.09 Wage claims, collection.
109.10 Reciprocal agreements.
Ch. 109 Note
NOTE: Ch. 380, laws of 1975, which created this chapter, contains explanatory notes. These notes also are in statutes prior to the 1983-84 edition.
109.01
109.01
Definitions. As used in this chapter:
109.01(1)
(1) "Department" means the department of workforce development.
109.01(1r)
(1r) "Employe" means any person employed by an employer, except that "employe" does not include an officer or director of a corporation, a member or manager of a limited liability company, a partner of a partnership or a joint venture or the owner of a sole proprietorship.
109.01(2)
(2) Except as provided in
ss. 109.07 (1) (d) and
109.075 (1) (c), "employer" means any person engaged in any activity, enterprise or business employing one or more persons within the state, including the state and its political subdivisions and charitable, nonprofit or tax-exempt organizations and institutions.
109.01(3)
(3) "Wage" or "wages" mean remuneration payable to an employe for personal services, including salaries, commissions, holiday and vacation pay, overtime pay, severance pay or dismissal pay, supplemental unemployment benefit plan payments when required under a binding collective bargaining agreement, bonuses and any other similar advantages agreed upon between the employer and the employe or provided by the employer to the employes as an established policy.
109.01(4)
(4) "Wage deficiency" means the difference between the amount required by law to be paid and the amount actually paid to an employe.
109.01 Annotation
"Wages" does not include salary owed under fixed term contract to discharged employe for period from discharge to end of contract. DILHR v. Coatings, Inc. 126 W (2d) 338, 375 NW (2d) 834 (1985).
109.03
109.03
When wages payable; pay orders. 109.03(1)
(1)
Required frequency of payments. Every employer shall as often as monthly pay to every employe engaged in the employer's business, except those employes engaged in logging operations and farm labor, all wages earned by such employe to a day not more than 31 days prior to the date of such payment. Employes engaged in logging operations and farm labor shall be paid all earned wages no less often than at regular quarterly intervals. Any employe who is absent at the time fixed for payment or who for any other reason is not paid at that time shall be paid thereafter at any time upon 6 days' demand. The required frequency of wage payments provided in this subsection does not apply to:
109.03(1)(a)
(a) Employes covered under a valid collective bargaining agreement establishing a different frequency for such payments, including deferred payments exercised at the option of employes; or
109.03(1)(b)
(b) School district and private school employes who voluntarily request payment over a 12-month period for personal services performed during the school year, unless such employes are covered under a valid collective bargaining agreement which precludes this method of payment.
109.03(1)(c)
(c) Unclassified employes of the university of Wisconsin system.
109.03(1)(d)
(d) Employes who receive compensatory time off under
s. 103.025 in lieu of overtime compensation.
109.03(2)
(2) Payment to discharged or resigned employes. Any employe, except a sales agent employed on a commission basis, not having a written contract for a definite period, who quits employment or who is discharged from employment shall be paid in full by no later than the date on which the employe regularly would have been paid under the employer's established payroll schedule or the date of payment required under
sub. (1), whichever is earlier.
109.03(3)
(3) Payment upon death of employe. In case of the death of an employe to whom wages are due, the full amount of the wages due shall upon demand be paid by the employer to the spouse, children, or other dependent living with such employe at the time of death. In the case of an employe of the state, the amount of the wage due includes all unused vacation allowance. Any county or municipality may include unused vacation allowances for any employe who died after January 1, 1961. An employer may, not less than 5 days after the death of an employe and before the filing of a petition for letters testamentary or of administration in the matter of the decedent's estate, make payments of the wage due the deceased employe to the spouse, children, parent, brother or sister of the decedent, giving preference in the foregoing order; or, if no such relatives survive, the employer may apply such payment or so much thereof as may be necessary to paying creditors of the decedent in the order of preference prescribed in
s. 859.25 for satisfaction of debts by executors and administrators. The making of payment in such manner shall be a discharge and release of the employer to the amount of such payment.
109.03(4)
(4) Payment to certain separated employes. Whenever an employe is separated from the payroll of an employer as a result of the employer merging, liquidating or otherwise disposing of the business, ceasing business operations in whole or in part, or relocating all or part of the business to another area within or without the state, the employer, or the successors in interest of the employer, shall pay all unpaid wages to the employe at the usual place of payment within 24 hours of the time of separation.
109.03(5)
(5) Enforcement. Except as provided in
sub. (1), no employer may by special contract with employes or by any other means secure exemption from this section. Each employe shall have a right of action against any employer for the full amount of the employe's wages due on each regular pay day as provided in this section and for increased wages as provided in
s. 109.11 (2), in any court of competent jurisdiction. An employe may bring an action against an employer under this subsection without first filing a wage claim with the department under
s. 109.09 (1). An employe who brings an action against an employer under this subsection shall have a lien upon all property of the employer, real or personal, located in this state as described in
s. 109.09 (2).
109.03(6)
(6) Wage claim. In an action by an employe or the department against the employer on a wage claim, no security for payment of costs is required. In any such proceeding the court may allow the prevailing party, in addition to all other costs, a reasonable sum for expenses. No person other than an employe or the department shall be benefited or otherwise affected by this subsection.
109.03(7)
(7) Protection of employes. Section 111.322 (2m) applies to discharge and other discriminatory acts arising in connection with any proceeding under this section.
109.03 Annotation
Attorney fees are awardable under (6). Jackman v. WMAC Inv. Corp. 610 F Supp. 290 (1985).
109.07
109.07
Mergers, liquidations, dispositions, relocations or cessation of operations affecting employes; advance notice required. 109.07(1)(a)
(a) "Affected employe" means an employe who loses, or may reasonably be expected to lose, his or her employment with an employer who is required to give notice under
sub. (1m) because of the business closing or mass layoff.
109.07(1)(b)
(b) "Business closing" means a permanent or temporary shutdown of an employment site or of one or more facilities or operating units at an employment site or within a single municipality that affects 25 or more employes, not including new or low-hour employes.
109.07(1)(d)
(d) "Employer" means any business enterprise that employs 50 or more persons in this state.
109.07(1)(e)
(e) "Highest official" means the mayor of a city, town board chairperson or village president, except as follows:
109.07(1)(e)1.
1. For a city organized under
subch. I of ch. 64, "highest official" means both the president of the city council and the city manager.
109.07(1)(e)2.
2. For a village organized under
subch. I of ch. 64, "highest official" means both the president of the village board of trustees and the village manager.
109.07(1)(f)
(f) "Mass layoff" means a reduction in an employer's work force that is not the result of a business closing and that affects the following numbers of employes at an employment site or within a single municipality, not including new or low-hour employes:
109.07(1)(f)1.
1. At least 25% of the employer's work force or 25 employes, whichever is greater; or
109.07(1)(g)
(g) "Municipality" means a city, village or town.
109.07(1)(h)
(h) "New or low-hour employe" means an employe who has been employed by an employer for fewer than 6 of the 12 months preceding the date on which a notice is required under
sub. (1m) or who averages fewer than 20 hours of work per week.
109.07(1m)
(1m) Subject to
sub. (5) or
(6), an employer who has decided upon a business closing or mass layoff in this state shall promptly notify the subunit of the department that administers
s. 106.15, any affected employe, any collective bargaining representative of any affected employe, and the highest official of any municipality in which the affected employment site is located, in writing of such action no later than 60 days prior to the date that the business closing or mass layoff takes place. The employer shall provide in writing all information concerning its payroll, affected employes and the wages and other remuneration owed to such employes as the department may require. The department may in addition require the employer to submit a plan setting forth the manner in which final payment in full shall be made to affected employes. The department shall promptly provide a copy of the notice required under this subsection to the department of commerce and to the office of the commissioner of insurance and shall cooperate with the department of commerce in the performance of its responsibilities under
s. 560.15 and with the office of the commissioner of insurance in the performance of its responsibilities under
s. 601.41 (7). This subsection does not apply to a business closing or mass layoff that is caused by a strike or lockout.
109.07(3)(a)(a) If an employer fails to give timely notice to an affected employe as required under
sub. (1m), the affected employe may recover, as provided under
sub. (4), all of the following:
109.07(3)(a)1.
1. Pay, for the days during the recovery period described under
par. (c) that the employe would have worked if the business closing or mass layoff had not occurred, based on the greater of the following:
109.07(3)(a)1.a.
a. The employe's regular rate of pay from the employer, averaged over the shorter of the 3-year period preceding the business closing or mass layoff or the entire period during which the employe was employed by the employer.
109.07(3)(a)1.b.
b. The employe's regular rate of pay from the employer at the time of the business closing or mass layoff.
109.07(3)(a)2.
2. The value of any benefit that the employe would have received under an employe benefit plan during the recovery period described under
par. (c), but did not receive because of the business closing or mass layoff, including the cost of medical treatment incurred that would have been covered under the employe benefit plan.
109.07(3)(b)
(b) The amount that an employe may recover under
par. (a) shall be reduced by any cost that the employer incurs by crediting the employe, under an employe benefit plan, for time not actually served because of a business closing or mass layoff.
109.07(3)(c)
(c) The recovery period under
par. (a) begins on the day that the business closing or mass layoff occurs. The recovery period equals the number of days in the period beginning on the day on which an employer is required to give notice under
sub. (1m) and ending on whichever of the following occurs first:
109.07(3)(c)1.
1. The day that the employer actually gave the notice to the employe.
109.07(3)(c)2.
2. The day that the business closing or mass layoff occurred.
109.07(4)(a)(a) An employe whose employer fails to notify timely the employe under
sub. (1m) may file a claim with the department. If the employe files a claim with the department no later than 300 days after the business closing or mass layoff, the department shall, in the manner provided in
s. 109.09, investigate the claim, determine the number of days that the employer was late in providing notice and, on behalf of the employe, attempt to recover from the employer the payment under
sub. (3).
109.07(4)(b)
(b) If the department does not recover payment within 180 days after a claim is filed or within 30 days after it notifies the employe of its determination under
par. (a), whichever is first, the department shall refer the claim to the department of justice. The department of justice may bring an action in circuit court on behalf of the employe to recover the payment under
sub. (3).
109.07(4)(c)
(c) If the department of justice does not bring an action under
par. (b) within 120 days after the claim is referred to it, the employe may bring an action in circuit court to recover the payment under
sub. (3). If the employe prevails in the action, he or she shall also recover costs under
ch. 814 and, notwithstanding
s. 814.04 (1), reasonable attorney fees.
109.07(4)(d)
(d) An action under this section shall be begun within one year after the department refers the claim to the department of justice under
par. (b), or be barred.
109.07(4m)(a)(a) If an employer fails to give timely notice to the highest official of a municipality as required under
sub. (1m), the department shall assess a business closing surcharge against the employer of not more than $500 for each day in the period beginning on the day that the employer was required to give notice to the highest official and ending on the earlier of the day that the employer actually gave notice to the highest official or the day that the business closing or mass layoff occurred.
109.07(4m)(b)
(b) The department shall deposit business closing surcharges collected under
par. (a) in the general fund.
109.07(5)(a)(a) An employer is not liable under this section for a failure to give notice to any person under
sub. (1m), if the department determines all of the following:
109.07(5)(a)1.
1. When the notice under
sub. (1m) would have been timely given, that the employer was actively seeking capital or business to enable the employer to avoid or postpone indefinitely the business closing or mass layoff.
109.07(5)(a)2.
2. That the employer reasonably and in good faith believed that giving the notices to all parties required under
sub. (1m) would have prevented the employer from obtaining the capital or business.
109.07(5)(b)
(b) The department may not determine that an employer was actively seeking capital or business under
par. (a) 1. unless the employer has a written record, made while the employer was seeking capital or business, of those activities. The record shall consist of the documents and other material specified by the department by rule under
s. 109.12 (1) (b). The employer shall have individual documents in the record notarized, as required by the department's rules. The employer shall provide the department with an affidavit verifying the content of the notarized documents.
109.07(6)
(6) An employer is not liable under this section for a failure to give notice to any person under
sub. (1m), if the department determines that the business closing or mass layoff is the result of any of the following:
109.07(6)(a)
(a) The sale of part or all of the employer's business, if the purchaser agrees in writing, as part of the purchase agreement, to hire substantially all of the affected employes with not more than a 6-month break in employment.
109.07(6)(b)
(b) The relocation of part or all of an employer's business within a reasonable commuting distance, if the employer offers to transfer substantially all of the affected employes with not more than a 6-month break in employment.
109.07(6)(c)
(c) The completion of a particular project or work of a specific duration, including seasonal work, if the affected employes were hired with the understanding that their employment was limited to the duration of such work or project.
109.07(6)(d)
(d) Business circumstances that were not foreseeable when the notice would have been timely given.
109.07(6)(e)
(e) A natural or man-made disaster beyond the control of the employer.
109.07(6)(f)
(f) A temporary cessation in business operations, if the employer recalls the affected employes on or before the 60th day beginning after the cessation.
109.07(7)
(7) Each employer shall post, in one or more conspicuous places where notices to employes are customarily posted, a notice in a form approved by the department setting forth employes' rights under this section. Any employer who violates this subsection shall forfeit not more than $100.
109.07(8)
(8) Section 111.322 (2m) applies to discharge and other discriminatory acts arising in connection with any proceeding under this section.
109.07 Annotation
There is no private cause of action under this section. Henne v. Allis-Chalmers Corp., 660 F Supp. 1464 (E. D. Wis. 1987).
109.075
109.075
Cessation of health care benefits affecting employes, retirees and dependents; advance notice required. 109.075(1)(a)
(a) "Affected employe, retiree or dependent" means an employe, retired employe or a surviving covered dependent of an employe or retired employe who loses, or may reasonably be expected to lose, his or her health care benefits provided by an employer who is required to give notice under
sub. (2) because the employer has decided to cease providing health care benefits.
109.075(1)(c)
(c) "Employer" means any business enterprise that employs 50 or more persons in this state.
109.075(1)(d)
(d) "Health care benefits" means coverage of health care expenses under an employe benefit plan.
109.075(2)
(2) Subject to
sub. (5) or
(6), an employer who has decided to cease providing health care benefits in this state shall promptly notify any affected employe, retiree or dependent and any collective bargaining representative of any affected employe, retiree or dependent in writing of such action no later than 60 days prior to the date that the cessation of health care benefits takes place. This subsection does not apply to a cessation of health care benefits that is caused by a strike or lockout.
